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  • Binoy Viswam v. Union of India, (2017) 7 SCC 59

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    5 views96 pages

    Binoy Viswam v. Union of India, (2017) 7 SCC 59

    Uploaded by

    Vrinda Rajoria
    The document appears to be a collection of pages from a legal publication or court opinion. However, it does not contain any substantive information to summarize as the pages only reference legal citations and copyright information. There is no factual context or legal analysis provided in the document.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.

    Page 1 Friday, July 14, 2023


    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 2 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 3 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 4 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 5 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 6 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 7 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 8 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 9 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 10 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 11 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 12 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 13 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 14 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 15 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 16 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 17 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 18 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 19 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 20 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 21 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 22 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 23 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 24 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 25 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 26 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 27 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 28 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 29 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 30 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 31 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 32 Friday, July 14, 2023
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    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 33 Friday, July 14, 2023
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    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 34 Friday, July 14, 2023
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    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 35 Friday, July 14, 2023
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    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 36 Friday, July 14, 2023
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    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 37 Friday, July 14, 2023
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    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 38 Friday, July 14, 2023
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    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 39 Friday, July 14, 2023
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    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 40 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 41 Friday, July 14, 2023
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    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 42 Friday, July 14, 2023
    Printed For: Vrinda Rajoria, Jindal Global University
    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 43 Friday, July 14, 2023
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    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 44 Friday, July 14, 2023
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    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 45 Friday, July 14, 2023
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    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
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    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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    Page 47 Friday, July 14, 2023
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    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 48 Friday, July 14, 2023
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    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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    SCC Online Web Edition, © 2023 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
    Page 49 Friday, July 14, 2023
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    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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    SCC Online Web Edition: http://www.scconline.com
    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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    TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2023 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
    this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
    Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
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