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Index Number:___________ SEC06/2A.13m

MATRICULATION AND SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS BOARD

UNIVERSITY OF MALTA, MSIDA

SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE LEVEL

MAY 2013 SESSION

SUBJECT: Chemistry
PAPER NUMBER: IIA
DATE: 22nd May 2013
TIME: 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m.

Useful data

Relative atomic masses: H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Al = 27; Cl = 35.5; Cu = 63.5;

Zn = 65
The molar volume for gases at s.t.p. = 22.4 dm3
Standard temperature and pressure (s.t.p.): 0 oC and 1 atm
Faraday constant: 96,500 C
Q = It

Directions to Candidates

 Write your index number in the space at the top left-hand corner of this page.

 Answer ALL questions in Section 1 and any TWO questions from Section 2. Write your answers
in the spaces provided in this booklet.

 The mark allocation is indicated at the end of each question. Marks allocated to parts of
questions are also indicated.

 In calculations you are advised to show all the steps in your working, giving your answer at each
stage.

 The use of electronic calculators is permitted.

 A Periodic Table is printed on the back of this booklet.

For examiners’ use only:

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total
Score

Maximum 5 8 6 8 6 6 6 6 5 4 20 20 20 20 100

© The MATSEC Examinations Board reserves all rights on the examination questions in all examination papers set by the said Board.
SEC06/2A.13m

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Section 1: Answer ALL questions in this Section. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

1. (a) Following a heavy snow-storm that hit the British Isles this winter, Skynews reported:
“… for London … more than 100,000 tonnes of salt were used to keep roads clear (from ice
and snow) . . . ”
(i) Explain briefly what happens to the melting of ice when salt is added to it.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
(ii) State what happens to the boiling point of a liquid if it contains impurities.

_________________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
o o
(b) A substance is cooled from 50 C to 20 C. The graph shows the cooling curve for the
substance, that is the change in temperature (in oC) with time (in minutes).

50
l\.
40 \.
A
, B
temperature (oC)

30

20
'" '\
<,
'-
10

0
'" "" time (minutes)
t+rn (mi.
"

-10
0 2 4 6 8
'" ~
10
V

<,
12

-20
"'
From the graph, one can conclude the boiling and the melting points of the substance.

(i) The melting point of the substance is: _______________________________________

(1 mark)
(ii) In a different experiment, the line AB is at a different distance from the x-axis. What
can one conclude from this?

5
_________________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
[Total: 5 marks]

Page 2 of 16
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2. (a) The following experiment was conducted to investigate the conditions under which
rusting of iron occurs. An iron nail is placed in each of four test tubes, under the
conditions as indicated below.

A B c o
http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/standard/chemistry/metals/corrosion/revision/1/

(i) Indicate whether rusting will take place or not in each of the four cases by writing yes
or no in the table below.
Test tube Conditions Does the nail rust? – yes / no
A Boiled water + oil layer
B Salt water
C Air
D Air + calcium chloride + stoppered test tube
(2 marks)
(ii) State the conditions needed for rusting to occur that can be concluded from these
experiments.
_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
(3 marks)
(b) A piece of magnesium is sometimes attached to parts of boats to prevent them from
corroding. Suggest another method that prevents corrosion. Use the indications in part (a) to
explain this method of protection.
_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
(3 marks)
[Total: 8 marks]
8

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3. (a) Propane and propene are burnt, and undergo complete combustion, in a plentiful supply of air.
(i) Write the chemical equation for the complete combustion of propene.

_________________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(ii) If the combustion of these hydrocarbons is carried out in a limited supply of oxygen,
they undergo incomplete combustion. Mention two other products that are obtained if
the reactions are carried out in a limited supply of air.

_________________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
(b) Explain briefly how propane and propene can be distinguished by a simple chemical test.
No equations are required.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
(3 marks)
[Total: 6 marks] 6
4. (a) Sulfuric acid is produced industrially through the Contact Process. The process can be
summarised into four chemical reactions. The first step of the process is usually the burning
of sulfur in an excess of air. Complete the following chemical equations as necessary:

(i) Step 1 – the burning of sulfur: S (s) + O2 (g) → SO2 (g)

(ii) Step 2: 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) __________ H = 196 kJ/mol

(iii) Step 3: __________ + H2SO4 (l) → __________

(iv) Step 4: __________ + H2O (l) → 2H2SO4 (l)

(4 marks)

(b) Step 2 in the Contact Process is a reversible reaction. It is carried out using a catalyst and
the conditions are: a pressure of 1 to 2 atmospheres and a temperature of 400 – 450 oC.
(i) Give the chemical formula of the catalyst used.

_________________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

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(ii) How does the catalyst affect the reversible reaction?

_________________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(iii) The higher the temperature, the faster a reaction proceeds. If the reaction occurs at
1000 oC, it should be faster. Explain briefly why the temperature that is actually used is
400 – 450 oC.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
[Total: 8 marks]
8
5. (a) Iron can be obtained from iron(III) oxide in more than one way. It can be obtained by
reaction with hydrogen or by reaction with carbon monoxide.
(i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction of iron(III) oxide with hydrogen.

_________________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction of iron(III) oxide with carbon monoxide.

_________________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
(b) “Making iron – In the blast furnace
Iron is extracted from iron ore in a huge container called a blast furnace. Iron ores . . .
contain iron oxide. The oxygen must be removed from the iron oxide to leave the iron
behind. . . .”
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa_pre_2011/rocks/metalsrev2.shtml
(i) Name the iron ore that is used in the blast furnace for the production of iron.

_________________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(ii) Apart from the iron ore, there are another two raw materials that are used in the blast
furnace. List these two materials.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
[Total: 6 marks]
6

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6. (a) Petroleum (crude oil) is a mixture of hydrocarbons including natural gas. Various products
are extracted from petroleum. Ethene is one of the gases produced during the refining of
petroleum. It can also be obtained by cracking.
(i) Name the process by which the various products are extracted from petroleum.

_________________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(ii) Explain the term cracking.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(b) Ethene undergoes a number of reactions.
(i) Write the chemical equation that indicates the hydration of ethene. Indicate the catalyst
used.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
(ii) The product in (b)(i) can also be obtained by fermentation of glucose. Write the
chemical equation for fermentation, indicating the catalyst used.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
[Total: 6 marks]
6
7. By using oxidation numbers, deduce whether the element or ion indicated in bold print is being
oxidised or reduced. Show your reasoning clearly.
(a) Cu → Cu2+ + 2e

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
(b) Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)

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(c) Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu

_________________________________________________________________________________

6
_________________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
[Total: 6 marks]

8.(a)Diagrams A and B are the energy level diagrams for two different reactions.

Reactants Products

Energy
Energy

Products Reactants

Diagram A Diagram B

(i) An endothermic reaction is represented by diagram _____________________________

(ii) An exothermic reaction is represented by diagram ______________________________

(iii) The reaction of carbon with oxygen is represented by diagram ____________________

(3 marks)
(b) Complete the diagram below to give an energy profile of a reaction, and indicate the H and
the activation energy of the reaction on the graph.
Energy

(3 marks)
[Total: 6 marks]
6
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9. The conversion of dinitrogen tetroxide to nitrogen dioxide is a reversible reaction that can be
represented by the following equation:
N2O4 (g) 2NO2 (g) ∆H = +58kJ mol -1
(a) Indicate the colour change that will be observed as this reaction proceeds.

_________________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(b) Explain briefly two changes that can be carried out to shift the equilibrium towards a higher
concentration of nitrogen dioxide.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
(c) Explain why the rate of a chemical reaction increases with temperature.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
[Total: 5 marks]
5
10. Describe what happens when each of the following substances is placed in a beaker of water:

(a) Rock salt (NaCl): ___________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

(b) Limestone (CaCO3): _________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

(c) Gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O): _____________________________________________________

(1 mark)

(d) Slaked lime (Ca(OH)2): _______________________________________________________

(1 mark)
[Total: 4 marks]
4

Page 8 of 16
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Section 2: Answer TWO questions from this Section. Write your answers in the lined pages
provided.

11. (a) When sodium nitrate, zinc nitrate and sodium hydrogencarbonate are heated, they all
undergo decomposition reactions. Write an equation, including state symbols, and describe
the expected observations when each is heated to constant mass. (9 marks)

(b) When a sample of zinc nitrate was heated until there was no further change in mass, a solid
residue was left. Calculate the mass of solid residue that is produced when 3.78 g of zinc
nitrate is heated. (4 marks)

(c) Copper(II) chloride can be prepared in the laboratory by the action of hydrochloric acid on
copper(II) carbonate.
(i) Write an equation representing the reaction that takes place between copper(II)
carbonate and the acid. (2 marks)
-3
(ii) Calculate the mass of copper(II) carbonate and the volume of 2 moldm hydrochloric
acid required to produce 2.71 g of copper(II) chloride, assuming complete reaction.
(5 marks)
[Total: 20 marks]

12. (a) As is the case in other metals, aluminium is extracted from an ore present in the earth’s
crust.
(i) While iron is extracted by using a gaseous reducing agent, aluminium is extracted by
the electrolysis of the molten ore. Explain briefly why this difference is necessary.
(2 marks)
(ii) Outline the main steps in the process of the extraction of aluminium, starting from the
purified ore. No technical details are required, but the main focus should be the
processes taking place at the electrodes, including chemical equations whenever
necessary. (5 marks)
(iii) If a current of 100,000 A passes through the electrolytic cell, calculate the quantity of
charge that passes in one hour. (2 marks)
(iv) Assuming that the plant works for 24 hours every day, calculate the maximum mass of
aluminium (to the nearest kg) that can be produced daily. (4 marks)
(v) Suggest what factor can be changed in order to have a production of 1000 kg of
aluminium a day. Indicate any assumption/s that are being taken into consideration in
these calculations. (2 marks)

(b) “Copper is a good conductor of electricity . . . The extraction of copper from copper ore is
done by reduction with carbon. However, the copper produced is not pure enough for use as
a conductor, so it is purified using electrolysis.”
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa_pre_2011/ions/electrolysisrev3.shtml
Outline the process by which copper “is purified using electrolysis.” (5 marks)
[Total: 20 marks]

Page 9 of 16
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13. Consider the following reaction scheme and answer the questions below. The letters A, B, C, D
and E are not chemical symbols.

Poly- E
Polythene Ethene
ethene

Sodium C B Ethanoic
Ethanol
ethoxide Acid
C2H5ONa

Ethyl-
Chloroethane
chloride
C2H5Cl

(a) Explain briefly each of the chemical changes indicated by letters A to E. Include chemical
equations and conditions wherever necessary. (15 marks)

(b) (i) Describe a simple chemical test to show that ethanoic acid has acidic properties. Write
the equation for the reaction that takes place. (3 marks)
(ii) How can ethanoic acid be used to distinguish between two unlabelled containers
containing ethanol and ethanoic acid respectively? Any other additional reagent can be
used. (2 marks)
[Total: 20 marks]

14. (a) (i) Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are the world’s
major polluting gases. For each gas state: one likely source, and one harmful effect on
the environment. (8 marks)
(ii) Name a greenhouse gas, without considering any of the four gases indicated in (a)(i).
(1 mark)
(iii) Explain briefly what is meant by the term ‘greenhouse effect’. Include a diagram in
your explanation. (2 marks)

Page 10 of 16
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(b) (i) Considering one of the gases in (a)(i), explain briefly its role in the production of acid
rain. Include chemical equations wherever necessary. (2 marks)
(ii) “Acid rain triggers a number of inorganic and biochemical reactions with deleterious
(harmful) environmental effects . . .”
http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~edudev/LabTutorials/Water/FreshWater/acidrain.html
Outline one harmful effect of acid rain. Include chemical equations wherever necessary.
(2 marks)

(c) The build-up of CFCs in the earth’s atmosphere is undesirable.

(i) What does CFC stand for? (1 mark)
(ii) State two sources of CFCs. (2 marks)
(iii) Explain briefly the harmful effects that the accumulation of CFCs in the atmosphere can
have. (2 marks)
[Total: 20 marks]

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
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Page 11 of 16
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Page 15 of 16
SEC06/2A.13m

Q)
o Q) 0 o ,_ 00
~=M MZ- ~<- ~~\O
00 M -:::!Xor.
Q) ~ M~\O
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~-r- o ,_ or.~I-4M or.

or.O ....
~~O\ ~U- OOj:QM _ N<OO

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::::OO~ r-OOM ~~or. ~~OO

0\ .... M
::!:Zr- ;;:ll1~ or.
r-<M
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r-~('t) :::OOor. ~~OO
=
:::j:Qor.r-<M
N
o CIS_ or..sO\
::: ~ ~~OO
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~:6UN= 0\ 00
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Page 16 of 16
Temperature

Time

Page 2 of 16
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