Basic Mechanical Engineering (ME131)

Dr. Veera Venkata Nagaraju,

(postdoc)
Code: ME131

Department of Mechanical Engineering,

National Institute of Technology, Warangal
– 506 004, Telangana, India.
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 Basic Thermodynamics
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Prime movers
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 Appln Thermodynamics (Engine)

Turbine/Engine + Shaft + Generator

+ Gearing System + Bearing +
Sensing system
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Prime Movers
EC/IC Engine (Cycle) 5
Appln Thermodynamics (Steam Turbine)

Turbine

Process Schematic Process Flow chart (Cycle)

Steam power plant 6

Rankine Cycle/Steam or Vapor Cycle

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Thermodynamic Cycles

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Coal, Peat, Bituminous coal (S)
Petrol (gasoline), Diesel, Kerosene, (L)
Natural gas, Methane, fewer gas

Coal: CV=24 MJ/kg

Petrol: CV=47MJ/kg
Diesel: CV=45MJ/kg

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Thermodynamics

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 Refrigeration (Cycle) Example

3-4 4-1
1-2 2-3 13
Thermodynamic Systems

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Thermodynamic Systems

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Thermodynamic Systems

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Thermodynamic Systems

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Zero’th Law (Law of Temp)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cLSYrrnjauo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QMfZZs-Vm0

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Process/Cycle

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 Zero’th Law (Law of Temp)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OSZ3wYo6-Y

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Zero’th Law (Law of Temp/equlibium)

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First Law (Law of Conserv/IE)

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Heat & Work

Q = Enthalpy (H) at const pressure

Q = IE (U) at const volume

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Heat & Work

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 Heat & Work

• Work

Work

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First Law (Law of Conserv./IE)

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First Law (Law of Conserv./IE)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fdZ2qhfVO30

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First Law (Law of Conserv/IE)

Corollary-2: Conservation of energy in cycle

Corollary-1: Concept of internal energy during process

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First Law (Law of Conserv/IE)

Corollary-3: IE is the property of system, not path function like work30& Heat
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PMM1 is not possible (violation to first law)

Corollary-4: PMM1 is impossible

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 First Law (Law of Conserv./IE)
Corollary-1: Concept of internal energy during process: dQ=dU+dW; piston-cylinder model: heat will perform
the work on piston parallely changes th internal energy of substance in cylinder at const. pressure

Corollary-2: Conservation of energy in cycle: The algebraic sum of heat interactions must be
equal to the : The algebraic sum of work interactions, when system undergone in cycle

Corollary-3: IE is the property of a system (point function), not path function like work
& Heat
Corollary-4: A PMM1 is impossible and Converse of PMM1 is also impossible:
No machine or engine can convert/supply/consume continuous energy
(work)without available of some other form of energy (heat)- violation on Law
of conservation

What is the cause of internal energy ? Requirement of a

Is the process is feasible ? second law law of TD
Conditional requirements for spontanity /non spontananity of process?
What are the required conditions for the existing of process?
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 Heat & Work
Isobaric
Isochoric
Qout (+ve)

Qin (-ve)

Isothermal

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Contd. Isochoric Isobaric

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 Contd.

Adiabatic

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 For understanding purpose

dQ = dU+dW
dW = PdV
=dU+dW
dU = mCv dT
Enthalpy

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Contd.

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Contd.

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Contd.

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Limitations of First Law

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Limitations of First Law
Contd.

What is the cause of internal energy ?

Is the process is feasible ?
Conditional requirements for spontanity /non spontananity of process?
What are the required conditions for the existing of process? 42
Second Law

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Rankine Cycle/Steam or Vapor Cycle

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 Second Law

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjgYWv1-IB0 46
 Contd.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUVcum67YZY

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Contd.

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 Refrigeration (Cycle) Example

3-4 4-1
1-2 2-3 49
Second Law

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Contd.

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Second Law

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Contd.

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Second Law Statements

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 Second Law Statements
Corollary-1

PMM 2

Efficiency =100% (NO)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDQgOvmSXCE 56
Second Law Statements

Corollary-2
Heat cannot flow itself (spontaneously) body
at lower temp to body at higher temp
Corollary-3
Ref/HP, it is impossible to operate without
input work

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTtxlaeC9PY
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Carnot Cycle

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Carnot Cycle…

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Carnot Cycle.,

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 Carnot Cycle.,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NasmLQOf30s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMXcixHO9u0

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Carnot Cycle.,

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 Laws of Thermodynamics

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFZgFuRc4Qk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OFlW8OXN64&list=RDCMUCYeF244yNGuFefuFKqxIAXw&start_radio=1&rv=1OFlW8OXN
64&t=0 / https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mGDJO2M7RBg 68
Entropy of system always decreases <dQ/T 69
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