Ray Catod alled bmad

inapibla deme tat

emiteel
b4 dizbt no
hode beheen S;ubuent
ta LA
Flow
+

haesse. Iim at
tube ehtis Gloo
k in
pow preskulA;A enebydiray Custent
at Hepo No a.
Ttode.
he thhehueam
y ottig Righ
RaTo Pabducticn.
pumo: Vacwm -To cabade Feoaho
-FuoreSeeree
abod
JAnBde
Arnde Calleltasvininal 7ocitive Bottdte plate actat andCatede
. tiama ngatie connetd
ti plata metal VelkigeTh lage vey dupply ohichin
du.Th
ual flat meta tusn hauing betiendalgiea
tabe) cloacel
at abe. Tis
Tubedichong thugh RayeCatbode CDNEALe lJJTAomdCn
897 n
baheuiment. Tiaksyckag. slatada
ay udy hlection Diaceveuy
Rell-No
TKY.CHEM1S Name
 Shagi ine.(2.) They
kLALLeCENxe
(3) Thay peduee
5) They poduce X-days tohen shk againt kaud netal likne tyen[ a)
nil
negatie
hauge and ha maa meay measly that tom Hyaeet
).Chagean elaend=6a
Modtettg4fokto
but

Foceweel Heei tbpoule antde whch iadtate thal Bome

tte hole

(3) They larny pogtee thag

Cathode
 (M
fyedhaghik head. Blece
Scren, Suphide d-pati
-Gstaine
Deflectio) (No
Radim
ATOM MODEL
OE
AN RUTHEREORD'S
stage. ate keiestt
at cthewRuthetord by
tfelechonk teamy inAiom
MODEL' THOMSONSs 'DRABBAGK
BF OR
itontaig
dyLJMITATONS puddin
kikhiteat moi&ileche embeddes wue which in
atam, neuthaliy
tamaintainelectial pauhtllelectam)
tk Chageo negatiey
Contain atoin anlhick aedyte m
eletrr. ATa MoDEL
ANOA THOMSON
Negahes XLD'Ca 9.56 Aahtnem) Max
kX16* Chauqe i
XIoC +&02 "67 loron Dn
Chas
equal men
Pxotoa
 Rikeutord
Sattuy c«xument
inement hy whice diycovaed Nucleus tn matom
heme exethent in which he bembasdid a thin foil óf
gsldmeat) witk bcam An
Uksm àadium placce Bloch Cavily
block lead And miadein to
Ane kam luili asit,e olaceeel t schlei d- Aays aft
ktng ke fed by plachy acheulos zine siaidee Sleen
aendthi metal 6iQ whleiee d-pautida sitsik onScren, a 7lot
D8SEA ON
ndegeing amy deflectrem2) Rome a-paihcle wbedetletd 'thioya Jonall

dsluticnthea muat by tutticient emaysau oitsin th atomi

2)Sc lome ¢Ome daahelee we
poticle ae hogitiny chaiged båticlea ,hesd aued kae clefleta ony
T h a g a byfent within tE atond-pattle au heauy ksbtla
)' Sinci
datletid back' ony when they stik heawke bldy
ineidath atam4) sine Ne d-autles dullectd beck àvtyvey
Ama This sheuss that th'hay
wey Amal
 -Nucleuy

-Exta uclea
Sfpacewhee electos
am AtDm

thaugzd heay paant i% the centie t Aten.(2) Etia Nuclea aut

Thiulk &pal aond ihe Nucleus in which t electm ae distobutd
(3) "The entise mau o the atom u conenttated n the Nucheta
(4)Theie ae eaual ni & poton belectin henee t atom ii elettitally
Smal ay lomaa to t
DAesbatmitatioio Rutheajos,ek Modad an Atomi
heeaue accotding to him an atonn centito gnall elect
Nuclew in t Centaed i eletos

utbimatel he eletam iill lal in totnuele katm eni,

ghowtdietcallaj
Sble.Haeue,thùachially, dneu nat kaen kalami
does
 BOHR'S MODEL DE ATDM
To enain th staathy d atom, Bchs proosecl mus model c Atomy.
) An atm Coniata Kf anall heay popiively cháugeol 'nuelsus In. t centa
and the eletaem Bweue asne it in chuta bath Called Oeol.
(2) The OAala qu duo. Lae shell areneyyth leweliA tke Osbit
inee he ae alo Called unumsela 2,3,4.
ai ue mÀe Giutwad haem Che nuclele and_ase aeþeuntd by k,M,N,
he eaney o thes shed inrasy a we moe Buhvad em th NleLs, TEu
3) ]he eleètaon skelumg in ankicula CDabit nelbhe looe geun emegy hthi tal
Atom
he
AeetrenAadiate ohen
level tte
Ainb back to
innu ergy ghell
NETRON uelei
Sine one unit aiitive Chaqe foreent en ttu
COeaoncl to one otn. Jlakebe,anbes wnit
potonbnt Via thnuckeia Thia
u Chled Atomie Nlunmbej lohich aelaryetd
 The neutAon was discoveeet ay Chadwick A32, whenhe kembadec dcmne
alementik Belliun( ka) &houns) oUk faut meuing d- pauthclahe heue
AOme netal þautitde yeetid fen ta Nucleu!
Neuton may la dafineel am khu dub-atom particle, whiih casie ng
dhage omd Hos mau mealy equal to that &k potoa (ie LDItu Apuuntd
-tuncamerial pasticle pent nan atinmie
alolain, poton amd meta ni.
Atomic NunberZ)Atnie umnba han elament is eguato
As Ik Atim iu elecbritally meubod, theasleu mwmbu boton &hsuld k
equal to nume oh elechan So, Là NeutalAtana,t atont mumber i
to. mu bee eleetaen ia t'enhanuclea act..
AtonleNuabes Numbe elechena.
Sodiwh ion Nat om tain: LAotons b.10 electnt
MASS NUMBER ATOMILMASS A).Maumm ber o. nelement
nmoe.
atem 'elermert
Mas umber
Sime tns amd neutrs ane pusent an. ti Nucleiw, thee particle
au (oll erdine (al ec Nulens.
 (8)
Ditteemte bwesn Mau.Numbey Grd. Atomictloa :
The main ditkenea betwean tte tuo s that. man mmer iw alwy whule
mmas uohee as atmie ma iu uuually met a wihole munsly
Repnta ticn Ato mie Number ord b umbey coil syfmtzd ameerad
elenent,Z AtomicNube Å-Mo& Nuhbe

Caleulaticn numbes c electron, poto omd tNeutor them Atomie

No potm Naeheleehon.
A ND 6t boton NoomeitsnsI . 2 A p t
No hnutrn aNo Atomic, No. >

Electcmie Contiguatian. & Jhe distshutien ouanomgement the electios

1. Total mumben s electics Aeuint inth atonmahich in eqiat tonmbusrtde

à qiven by Bohsbusuy Acheme as eleusa) The manimmm mim bee O
2 Ci
21 Fur e
k z2

M n:3
242)
2(3j2
2 (4 32.
 (9
-

hthu hist hule a

b) Jhe Autimat ahell sonat hk mL A.a &electcn een
Shellcanneeenmdota Lubto 18 Qleotam b t as doznas thau
viclatd.Foxeg 3"
acqised &ele~ten, fhellUnlek
Aule.khid.can. ka.aþpedle) Electica do mot.emtes in to ew
tha inner dhelle au uchu ft,
atomic 5051
Atuid."Mannea Naã s es Fia: 4o4 Schematic NCERT
atom on
YALENCY The mb chelcetem qainedlat ar shucd by ti
tki element. Calatatia Valency
ny Kshetl i Called valencydeent, elecank Contuatie u sitent,
tRiNaleyep om
plalculatt
L2&3ialency
valexé decten o it alemey ame
Valene electen FoAeg Na has 2elecbeibut it s aNle
a noble goaky24
Th ony ejt àHel,hich haa
Valenae.
becauyu they oonot take kat in ttseactien
os Abble fores aleney
Fon uges valeeelechoy,
thesmicatt inen Ohko)e, Noble"gees hoy 8
he valerey TONS B CALDLATICN Cr THEIR Aecten pocton&Netn alensy
EORMATION opl ToTh hag on tte iemyb egual
Camy'ny chog ae alled
 TSOTOPES :1hey au ti atomy c, th tame eluousds uhth hae some atemat
Telt canclemevt dikl ony in thu NO. No cf!Neul rors
H/DeuCAt H/Taitm.
Chaactshu z otoes
They hae ane akin Numben heree they have lame No"oh botou delecho
Thy haug dibuent ma Numnber dbtene bly difeu in Nio-&,Neuros
pucnt n Núcleuy.
(3 they hae fame (hemtat potheihea sihe Cheymital eshès debemda
Valenc leets
(4 They thaecuent thyta proeshts bcause they tan
u dubhesent ma
ete.
5 Due t ditleene, in Nulee
Nuileer huthue hase dißeent
APPUCAoN Iactae
O ISOTOPES
Nuclea heacloh.
() 0Àdes. Na
preaKe
af timiè
di n
(netoy,
thysoid keakag
Cance. a
dißkrnt
testu
Canteth detiette
Blood ,elkcbo
taeatert Jofe haue
& to
cabet
bay. wct- 4foisiu
ag chemat
theatment
treatnent to ushich oroten
d tace
theuan Number.
ameMakNum
ueel
dhgon elemtent &
n ahegau-pipe. bhynbat
ded
the atemie ' o
adio-ipatoe
in ete.n
ieldACa-60.a
h wied diklesent
uacel al-pipe ahpent
dieent
Thylhavedikeént
ç clet
_otoeblod
Dnduts,
ipotope. o
ISOBARS hae
atom 3Jheyhave
Thelhoue
Medital tums
(h.)I-)3L
)P-32..
Such
In
Ia
2. 3. a. 4.