W3 Work Power Energy

SCIENCE 8 Quarter 1 : Module 3
Lesson:
WORK, POWER
AND ENERGY
OBJECTIVES
• In this lesson, you learn the different factors

that affect potential and kinetic energy.
• Compute for work using constant force, power,
gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy,
and elastic potential energy
Lesson 1: WORK
Figure 1. A girl pushing a cart

Figure 2. A boy pushing a wall

What are the two important

considerations to remember
about work?
the two important

considerations to remember
about work:
1. Something must move whenever

work is done; and
2. The movement must be in the same
direction of the force.
Work is an abstract idea

related to energy.
When work is done it is

accompanied by a change
in energy.
What happens to the energy when

work is done BY an object?
When work is done

by an object it loses
energy .
What happens to the energy when

work is done ON an object?
When work is done

ON an object it
gains energy .
SCIENCE 8 Quarter 1 :
Module 3
To say that work is

done on an object,
there must be force
applied to it and the
object moves in the
direction of the
applied force.
Figure 1. A girl pushing a cart
Work is done if the object you push moves a distance in the direction
towards which you are pushing it.
No work is done if the force you exert

does not make the object move.
Figure 2. A boy pushing a wall
No work is done if the force you exert does not make the object
move in the same direction as the force you exerted.
Calculating Work
Work is done when the force (F)
applied to the object causes the object
to have a displacement (d) in the same
direction as the force applied.
W = work.
The work done by a force can be
calculated as W = Fd
Hence, the unit for Work, W
The unit, joule (J) is named after the

English Physicist James Prescott Joule.
This is also a unit of energy.
Sample Problem:
1. Suppose you pull your luggage

with a force of 30N parallel to the
ground to your room 20 m away, how
much work have you done?
Sample Problem No. 2:
Calculate the work done by a 6-N

force directed at a 15° angle to the
vertical to move 800-g box to a
horizontal distance of 400m across a
rough floor?
EXERCISE:
A. Tell whether the work is done or no work is done in the following

situations. Write W on the blank for work and N for no work done.
______ 1. Lifting a book on the floor
______ 2. Carrying a school bag
______ 3. A boy holding a ball in his hand
______ 4. Climbing a flight of stairs
B. Problem Solving.
Calculate the work done by a 6-N force directed at a 30° angle to the
vertical to move 500-g box to a horizontal distance of 300m across a
rough floor.
Lesson 2: POWER
POWER:
➢ Time rate of doing work
➢ The amount at which
energy is transformed
What are the factors that

may affect the power?
What are the factors that

may affect the power?
1. Time
2. Forces applied in the
direction of displacement
3. Distance covered by the
object
𝑭𝒅
𝑷=
𝒕
P = power (W)
F = force (N)
d = distance/displacement (m)
t = time (s)
Since,
Work (W) = Fd
Therefore,
𝑾
𝑷=
𝒕
And,
𝒅
𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒗 =
𝒕
Therefore,
𝑷 = 𝑭𝒗
In terms of work, power is Note: Power if

inversely
equal to work divided by proportional to
time, time and directly
proportional to
force and
𝑭𝒅 𝑾 distance or work.
𝑷= = 𝑭𝒗 = The great power,
𝒕 𝒕 the less time
required.
Units of Power:
1 watt (W) = 1 Nm/s
1 Joule per second (J/s) = 1 W
1 horsepower (hp) = 746 W
1,000 W = 1 kilowatt (kW)
1 kW = 1.34 hp
Jasper climbs a flight of stairs

in 0.63 minutes at constant
speed. If his mass is 65 kg and
the stairs is 12 meters high,
what is the power output?
A gardener pushes a lawn

mower 20 m in 30 s by exerting
a force of 150 N at an angle of
35° horizontally. Find the
power in kW that he expended.
EXERCISE:
A. ESSAY.
1. Is power necessary when engaging in sports? Why?
2. What are the components used to measure power?
B. Problem Solving.
Melvienne climbs a flight of stairs in 2.34 minutes at constant
speed. If her mass is 42 kg and the stairs is 15 meters high,
what is the power output?
Lesson 2: ENERGY
WORK IS A METHOD OF
TRANSFERRING ENERGY
Work is also a means of

transferring energy from one
object to another
PHYSICS is the
study of matter
and energy and
their
interaction.
The force exerted on the ball

changed the ball’s motion.
‘Something’ was transferred
to the ball causing it to move
continuously.
That ‘something’ is called

ENERGY. The energy
became energy of motion
of the ball.
Lesson 2: ENERGY
ENERGY
is oftentimes
defined as the
ability or capacity
to do work.
Since work is done on the ball, it

gains energy while the person that
does work on it loses energy. In
the same manner, the rolling ball
that does work on the empty
plastic bottle loses energy while
the bottle gains energy.
This shows that when work is

done, energy is transferred.
What are the two kinds of

energy?
What are the two kinds of

energy?
Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
When does the

train on this
roller coaster
have the MOST
potential
energy?
When does the train on this roller

coaster have the MOST potential
energy?
AT THE VERY TOP!
The HIGHER the train is lifted by the motor, the

MORE potential energy is produced.
At the top of the hill the train has a huge

amount of potential energy, but it has very little
kinetic energy.
Formula:
𝑷𝑬 = 𝑭𝒘 𝒉
Therefore,
PE = mgh
Where,
m → mass of the object
h → height of the position of the object
g → acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 )
PE → potential energy
What is the potential energy of

a 10-kg table that is on the
fourth floor of the school
building 15 m above the
ground level?
A 3-kg object is lifted to a

height of 2.5m. How much
potential energy is gained
by the stone?
A tool box is slowly raised to

a height of 3.5 m above the
ground. If the work done by
raising it up is 4,000 J, find
the mass of the tool box.
KINETIC ENERGY
- Is the energy of a moving
object
- The word kinetic comes from
the Greek word kinetikos
which means moving.
- quantifies the amount of
work the object can do
because of its motion.
What are the two

conditions to measure
kinetic energy?
What are the two

conditions to measure
kinetic energy?
Work done to put the object in
motion
Work needed for the moving
object to come to rest
Formula:
𝟏 𝟐 𝒎𝒗 𝟐
𝑲𝑬 = 𝒎𝒗 𝒐𝒓 𝑲𝑬 =
𝟐 𝟐
Where,
m → mass of the object (kg)
v → velocity n of the object (𝑚/𝑠 2 )
KE → kinetic energy (J or N•m)
- This shows that the work

done in accelerating an
object is equal to the
kinetic energy gained by
the object.
Determine the kinetic

energy of a 60-kg athlete
running at a speed of 12
m/s.
A 0.65-kg hollow block is thrown

from the cliff with an initial velocity
of 30 m/s. When it strikes the water
below, it is travelling at 40 m/s.
What is the change in kinetic
energy of the hollow block?
The higher an object, the

greater the potential
________ The higher
energy.
The more mass an object

greater potential
has, the ________
energy it has.
Law of Energy
Conservation
It states that energy can
neither be created nor
destroyed, it can only be
transformed from one form
to another.
EXERCISE:
A. ESSAY.
1. How can we conserve energy?
B. Problem Solving.
1. What is the kinetic energy of a 0.145 kg baseball thrown
by a baseball player at a speed of 40 m/s?
2. A forklift in a warehouse lifts a box 1.2m to a storage
shelf. If the lift does 7,000 J of work on the box,
what is the mass of the box?
POTENTIAL ENERGY
1. What is the potential energy of a 10-kg table that is on the fourth floor of
the school building 15 m above the ground level?
2. A 3-kg object is lifted to a height of 2.5m. How much potential energy is
gained by the stone?
3. A tool box is slowly raised to a height of 3.5 m above the ground. If the
work done by raising it up is 4,000 J, find the mass of the tool box.
KINETIC ENERGY
1. Determine the kinetic energy of a 60-kg athlete running at a speed of 12
m/s.
2. A 0.65-kg hollow block is thrown from the cliff with an initial velocity of 30
m/s. When it strikes the water below, it is travelling at 40 m/s. What is the
change in kinetic energy of the hollow block?

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SCIENCE 8 Quarter 1 : Module 3

• In this lesson, you learn the different factors

Figure 1. A girl pushing a cart

Figure 2. A boy pushing a wall

What are the two important

the two important

1. Something must move whenever

Work is an abstract idea

When work is done it is

What happens to the energy when

When work is done

What happens to the energy when

When work is done

To say that work is

Figure 1. A girl pushing a cart

No work is done if the force you exert

Hence, the unit for Work, W

The unit, joule (J) is named after the

1. Suppose you pull your luggage

Sample Problem No. 2:

Calculate the work done by a 6-N

A. Tell whether the work is done or no work is done in the following

What are the factors that

What are the factors that

In terms of work, power is Note: Power if

Sample Problem No. 1:

Jasper climbs a flight of stairs

Sample Problem No. 2:

A gardener pushes a lawn

Work is also a means of

The force exerted on the ball

That ‘something’ is called

Since work is done on the ball, it

This shows that when work is

What are the two kinds of

What are the two kinds of

When does the

When does the train on this roller

AT THE VERY TOP!

The HIGHER the train is lifted by the motor, the

At the top of the hill the train has a huge

Sample Problem No. 1:

What is the potential energy of

Sample Problem No. 2:

A 3-kg object is lifted to a

Sample Problem No. 3:

A tool box is slowly raised to

What are the two

What are the two

- This shows that the work

Sample Problem No. 1:

Determine the kinetic

Sample Problem No. 2:

A 0.65-kg hollow block is thrown

The higher an object, the

The more mass an object

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