Applied Circuit Analysis 1st Edition

Sadiku Solutions Manual

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 SOLUTIONS TO “APPLIED CIRCUIT ANALYSIS”

CHAPTER 10

Prob. 10.1

 (0.8  0.6) 106 0.3  0.2

V N  300    0.03 V = 30 mV
t 2 103 2

Prob. 10.2


V N  250  2= 500 V
t

Prob. 10.3
 V 5
V N  N   10, 000 turns
t  / t (0.8  0.3)  103

Prob. 10.4
 (7  2)
V N  400   400  5 = 2 kV
t 1

Prob. 10.5


V N  60  40 103  240 103
t
V  0.24 V

Prob. 10.6

 500  20V
V N 
t 5 106
 2 104 106  20 109
 20 GV

Prob. 10.7

di di  1 10 
V L  0.25    mV , 0  t  2 
dt dt  4 2 
 1  10  
    mV , 2  t  4
4  2  
1.25mV , 0  t  2 
V 
 1.25mV , 2  t  4 
 V

125mV

0 2 4

-125mV

Prob. 10.8

 4  6, 0  t  1
di di 
v  L  4   0,1  t  2
dt dt 
4  (6), 2  t  3
v is as sketched below.

v(t)
24

0
1 2 3 t

-24

Prob. 10.9

N2A
L  L  N2

By doubling the value of N,
L = (2)240 = 160 mH
Prob. 10.10

i V 10mV
V L  L   0.2 H
t i / t 50mA / s

Prob. 10.11

i V 6
V L  L   30 H
t i / t 0.2

Prob. 10.12

i 4 A
(a)   4 AI s
t I s
i V 6.5
(b) V  L 
L   1.625H
t i 4
t

Prob. 10.13

i
V L  200 103  240 103
t
V  48 mV

Prob. 10.14
di
V (t )  L
dt
di i i2  i1
 
dt t t2  t1
i i i
0ms to 2ms 
  0 0  0  VL (t )  0
t (2  0)ms
i 5  10
2ms to 8ms    5  0.833  VL (t )   (20 103 )(0.833)
t (8  2)ms 6
 16.67 mV
8ms to  
0
 Vi(t)(mV) Deleted:

0 2 8 t
(ms)
-5

-10
-16.67
-15

-20

Prob. 10.15

i
V L
t
12 103
26 103  L
1.5 103
1.5
L  26  103  3.25 mH
12

Prob. 10.16

N2A L 800 106  8  102

L  N2    450,316.4
o  r A 7  (1.2)
2

4 10 10 4

4
N  671

Prob. 10.17

N2A L 50 106  4  102

L  N2    20, 264.24
o  r A 7  (2)
2

4  10  10 4

4
N  142
Prob. 10.18
L  N2 or L  kN 2
L 4mH
k 2 
N (500) 2
L 6mH
L1  kN12  N12  1  (500)  375, 000
k 4mH
N1  612.4

Prob. 10.19

A  3.5cm 2  3.5 104 m 2

l  54.2cm 2  0.542 m
  7.6  104 H/m
L  400 mH
N 2μA Ll
L  N2 
L μA
Ll (0.4)(0.542)
N 
μA (7.6  104 )(3.5 104 )
0.2168
N 
  910
26.6 108

Prob. 10.20

N 2 A
L
l
2 A2  1 A1
L2 N 22 l12 (3) 2 1
     18
L1 N12 l22 (1) 2 0.5
Therefore the second coil has 18 times the inductance of the first coil.

Prob. 10.21

di di V 2.5
V L ,    0.625 V/s
dt dt L 4
Prob. 10.22

1 2 1
W Li  10  (2) 2  20 J
2 2

Prob. 10.23

1 2 2W 2  0.25
W Li  i   1.25 A
2 L 0.4

Prob. 10.24
1 2 1
W Li   60  103  (2) 2  120 mJ
2 2

Prob. 10.25

At steady-state, each inductor acts like a short circuit, while the capacitor acts like
an open circuit. By voltage division,
3
v (16)  6 V
3  15
16
i1  i2  2A
53

Prob. 10.26
2
iL
+

4 vC
3A 

By current division,

4
iL  (3)  2A, vc = 0V
42

1 2 11 2
wL  L i L   (2)  1J
2 22
 1 1
wc  C v c2  (2)( v)  0J
2 2

Prob. 10.27

Under dc conditions, the circuit is as shown below:

4 iL1
+
iL2
+ vC2
+
30V vC1 

 6

30
i L1  i L 2   3A
46

v C1  6i L1  18V

v C 2  0V

Prob. 10.28

L = 5 x 80 mH = 400 mH

Prob. 10.29

200  800
L  200  800   160μH
200  800

Prob. 10.30

(a) L eq  5  6 1  4 4  5  6 3  7H

(b) L eq  12 1  6 6   12 4  3H
(c) L eq  4 2  3 6  4 4  2H

Prob. 10.31


L eq  10  5 4 12  3 6 
= 10 + 5||(3 + 2) = 10 + 2.5 = 12.5 mH

Prob. 10.32

1 1 1 1 1
    L = 10 mH
L 60 20 30 10

10 x 35
L eq  10 25  10  
45

= 7.778 mH

Prob. 10.33

3//2//6 = 1H, 4//12 = 3H

After the parallel combinations, the circuit becomes that shown below.
3H
a

1H

1H b

Lab = (3+1)//1 = (4x1)/5 = 0.8 H

Prob. 10.34

L eq  6  10  8 5 (8  12)  6 (8  4)

 16  8 (4  4)  16  4

Leq = 20 mH
Prob. 10.35

1 L
LLL 
3 3
L
Hence the given circuit is equivalent to that shown below:

L/3 L/3
L

5
Lx L
 2  3  5L
L eq  L L  L 
 3  5 8
L L
3

Prob. 10.36

1 2
(a) 1  2   0.67 H
1 2
11 0.67
6  5  11 H, 0.67  11   0.63 H
11.67
Leq  4  8  0.67  12.67 H
4 2 8
(b) 3  1  5H, 4  2=   1.33 H
6 6
Leq  4  1.33  5.33 H

Prob. 10.37

(a) e-15/1  e 5  0.006738

(b) e-101/2  e 5  0.006738
(c) e-52/5  e 2  0.1355
Prob. 10.38
L
i (t )  I o e  t / ,   4/2  2
R
i (t )  3e  t / 2  3e 0.5t
i (t  5)  3e 5/ 2  0.2463 A

Prob. 10.39

When t < 0, the switch is closed and the inductor acts like a short circuit to dc. The 4 
resistor is short-circuited so that the resulting circuit is as shown in Fig. (a).
3

+ i(0-)
12 V 4 2H


(a) (b)

12
i (0  ) 4A
3
Since the current through an inductor cannot change abruptly,
i(0)  i(0  )  i(0  )  4 A

When t > 0, the voltage source is cut off and we have the RL circuit in Fig. (b).
L 2
    0.5
R 4
Hence,
i( t )  i(0) e - t   4 e-2t A

Prob. 10.40

L

R th
where R th is the Thevenin resistance at the terminals of the inductor.

R th  70 || 30  80 || 20  21  16  37 
2  10 -3
  54.05 µs
37
Prob. 10.41

Converting the wye-subnetwork to delta gives

16 

R2

80mH R1

R3

30 

10 x 20  20 x50  50 x10 1700 1700

R1   1700 / 20  85, R2   34 , R3   170
20 50 10

30//170 = (30x170)/200 = 25.5  , 34//16=(34x16)/50 =10.88 

85 x36.38 L 80 x10 3
RTh  85 //( 25.5  10.88)   25.476,    3.14 ms
121.38 RTh 25.476

Prob. 10.42

L
(a) RTh  12  10 // 40  20,   5 / 20  0.25s
RTh
L
(b) RTh  40 // 160  8  40,   (20 x10 3 ) / 40  0.5 ms
RTh

Prob. 10.43

L 14 1
i( t )  i(0) e - t  ,   
R eq 4 16
i( t )  2 e -16t
di
vo ( t )  3i  L  6 e-16t  (1 4)(-16) 2 e-16t
dt
 vo ( t )  - 2 e -16t V

Prob. 10.44

If v( t )  0 , the circuit can be redrawn as shown below.

+
0.4 H
Req vo(t)
i(t) 

6 L 2 5 1
R eq  2 || 3  ,    
5 R 5 6 3
i( t )  i(0) e - t   e -3t
di - 2
v o ( t )  -L  (-3) e -3t  1.2 e-3t V
dt 5

Prob. 10.45

L 1
(a)   
 R  50L
R 50
di
-v L
dt
- 120 e - 50t  L(30)(-50) e - 50t 
 L  80 mH
R  50L  4 Ω
L 1
(b)    20 ms
R 50

Prob. 10.46

L
i( t )  i(0) e - t  , 
R eq
2
R eq  5 || 20  1  5  , 
5
i( t )  10 e -2.5t A

Using current division, the current through the 20 ohm resistor is

5 -i
io  (-i)   -2 e -2.5t
5  20 5
 v( t )  20 i o  -40 e-2.5t V

Prob. 10.47

Since the 2  resistor, 1/3 H inductor, and the (3+1)  resistor are in parallel,
they always have the same voltage.

2 2
-i    1 .5  i(0)  -1.5
2 3 1
The Thevenin resistance R th at the inductor’s terminals is
4 L 13 1
R th  2 || (3  1)  ,   
3 R th 4 3 4
i( t )  i(0) e - t   -1.5 e -4t , t  0
di
v L  v o  L  -1.5(-4)(1/3) e -4t
dt
v o  2 e-4t V, t  0
1
vx  v  0.5 e-4t V, t>0
31 L

Prob. 10.48

When the switch is in position A,

i= –6 = i(0)
When the switch is in position B,
i ( )  12 / 4  3,   L / R  1/ 8

i(t )  i ()  [i(0)  i ()]e  t /   3  9e 8t A

Prob. 10.49

We find RTh at the inductor terminals as shown below

220Ω RTh 180Ω

150Ω 100Ω

RTh  220  150  180  100

 89.19  64.29
 153.48
L 103
   6.52 s
R eq 153.48

Prob. 10.50

L
  5  5
R
5  50  103

2
 125 ms
Prob. 10.51

I does not depend on L

Vs 6
(a) I    50 mA
R 120
V
(b) i (t )  (1  e  ( R / L )t ), Multiply both sides by  R
R V
Ri Ri
  1  e ( R / L )t  1   e ( R / L )t
V V
Taking natural log of both sides to solve for L
 Rt 120  40  106 4.8 103
L  
In(1  iR ) In 1  (5 103 )(120  0.1054
V  6
L  45.6 mH
L 45.6  103
   380  s
R 120

Prob. 10.52

(a) - L
Vs

+ R
. i

Vs  iR  L di 0
dt
Constant current is established  di 0
dt
Vs 120
Vs  iR  0  L    0.3 A
R 400
i  0.3 A
Prob. 10.53

The schematic is shown above with initial current through the inductor set equal to IC =
10. Both i(t) and v(t) are shown below.
10A

5A

0A
0s 0.1s 0.2s 0.3s 0.4s 0.5s 0.6s 0.7s 0.8s 0.9s 1.0s
I(L1)
Time

40V

30V

20V

10V

0V
0s 0.1s 0.2s 0.3s 0.4s 0.5s 0.6s 0.7s 0.8s 0.9s 1.0s
V(R3:2) - V(R3:1)
Time

Prob. 10.54

The make-before-break switch is not available in PSpice. For t < 0, we can find the
initial inductor current as i(0) = -6A. For t >0, we use the schematic below with IC = -6.
The inductor current i(t) is shown below.
-3.0A

-4.0A

-5.0A

-6.0A
0s 0.1s 0.2s 0.3s 0.4s 0.5s 0.6s 0.7s 0.8s 0.9s 1.0s
I(L1)
Time

Prob. 10.55

The schematic is shown above, while the capacitor voltage v(t) is shown below.
 -12V

-16V

-20V

-24V
0s 1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s 8s 9s 10s
V(C1:1) - V(C1:2)
Time

Prob. 10.56

For t < 0, we use the schematic below to find i(0) = 7.714 A.

For t > 0, we use the schematic below with initial inductor current IC = 7.714.

The inductor current is shown below.

 10A

0A

-10A

-20A
0s 1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s 8s 9s 10s
I(L1)
Time

Prob. 10.57

We can obtain the initial current through the inductor when the switch is in position a.
We get io(0) = 12/3 = 4 A. For t > 0, we apply Multisim with IC = 4 on the inductor.
The circuit is shown below.

The inductor current io(t) is shown below.

Prob. 10.58

The circuit is shown above, while the output voltage vo(t) is shown below.
Prob. 10.59

The circuit is shown above, while vo(t) is shown below.

Prob. 10.60

Let Io be the final value of the current. Then

i( t )  I o (1  e  t /  ),   L / R  0.16 / 8  1 / 50

1 1
0.6I o  I o (1  e 50 t )  t ln  18.33 ms.
50 0.4

Prob. 10.61

Let i be the inductor current.

120
For t < 0, i (0  )   1 .2 A
100
 For t > 0, we have an RL circuit
L 50
   0.1 , i()  0
R 100  400
i( t )  i()   i(0)  i() e - t 
i( t )  1.2 e -10t

At t = 100 ms = 0.1 s,
i(0.1)  1.2 e -1  0.441 A
which is the same as the current through the resistor.

Prob. 10.62

Since   0.1 T  1 s
L
 1 s
R

L  R  10 -6  (200  10 3 )(1  10 -6 )

L<200 mH
Prob. 10.63

12
i o (0)   240 mA , i()  0
50
i( t )  i()   i(0)  i() e - t 
i( t )  240 e - t 

L 2
 
R R
i( t 0 )  10  240 e - t 0 

e t 0   24   t 0   ln (24)
t0 5 2
   1.573 
ln (24) ln (24) R
2
R  1.271 Ω
1.573