комом

Ola
Time : ю

From Level М,

sinvi+sinB =2sin AS cos A=В

sinA — sin A+B . А-В

B = 2 cos ———— sin
2 2
+ =
cosA+ cos В = 260$ 25506225
2 2

COSAS-cosB= -2sin 47.7 sin 4-8

Using the above formulas, obtain the firstord
er derivative of each of the _
following functions.
(1) y=sinx
[Sol] Using the formula for the derivative of f(x).
dy | sin
+h)(—si
xnx
да Њу (from N171a)

(from @ above) про

дава:

Ее

de а ан ТЕ
чал Е

Eni
01b

(2) ут cosx
_ ду 2 cost +h) - cosx
[501] zT lim UT вани

-за( г“ *)
an
+= |уутыг

(3) y= tan.x
(Ним: Fram ул шил === Uiethe results of ( sin x)' and ( cos г)'.)

tana?’
[501] y ad
(um a )
(таз

ut
(aк} сове — SIN їс t
та s ————

се" Е

aot К СА x “inal wing)

са

бил rcs
 комом"
О2а
Типо ( ю

d.
Formulas | — sint = co| s 4. d : d
dx dx
95x —siny, —tanr= :
dx

l. Obtain the first and se co

nd order derivatives of cach
functions. of the following

(1) y 7 sin5x
[Sol] Letting y= sinz and 2 = Эх
,
4у ау 4:
We ҚБШ
4: dy
г

9052: (Sx) = с0%·5

($xХ
)! =
Similarly,
а
-

dy p 5(—s
-- in
“4 Sx) -
. (5x)' ' =zl |

(2) y= cos2x
[Sol] у' = (—sin 2x) *(2x)! —2 sin2x
у = —2(sin2x)' = —2{( cos2x) (2x)' ] = -4cos2x

(3) у = tan3x
| „ТЕРЕ aps Ы
[Sol] )
Pu T, єг СА
(= За Өх) cos Зу
А

у“ = М(соз3д) 2
) 3l = 2(соз3х)
” Қсов3х )
ш 3 =? (cos 3x)
N = in 3x) (3)]
‚18 Зх | uw
т-а: mp ШЕ amu

COS 3x.
O2b
2. Obtain the first order derivative of cach of the following functions,

(1) улвіп”х
[Sol] From y = (sin x)", if we let и = sinxand y = и", then
dy кг
--=
|За
Therefore,

ду ey du
dx du dx

Note that the method above is the same as the method below.

(сү = ли“ !-u'

Thus,

у = 3sin x(sinx)’ = |

(2) у = cos'x ;
x( cos x)
[Sol]у = 2cos
= —25nzcosx
(= -м 23)

(33 уч terr
[Sed] y = 2t28z( tan x)'

„авва | 2104|
Пек || сойх!
 Кең:
y
т) ws per
„ТҮЙ!
ere

1!
PP Dota
dem

|4rali к ті р : та :

{| EE 3 a) :
ч || ' к

(à ов
| Си

3
TTA
iz и
= и»

Tai
кыы
РАР
 г 4"
- ЗАЛ

2 п
кеен "==

ұта

=
ы, = ану: "ығf
т
7 4

wa . кеін |

==
~~,

| [Sol]у = 3cos x(cos x)'

= 3cx(
os —sinx)
Ч | | с, i д
: с 1=

Вес,
| 4 с

m
1 .
не

= —Jcos'xsinx
4

{
| я
41
|

де
= Г

гт -
=
Т!
шер

es 4 Пойа Тең
rri new
 Obtain the first order derivativ
e of each of the following functi
ons,
(1) y= (2
+7cos x
[Sol]у = (2x7 + |1) cosx+ (22
+ | (cos х)”
= Асо — (21 + | )sin x

| 1
(2) Мате

[Sol] у (az) --
| “Gant 7 sin? x Есте салты)

©) УС tan3x

[501] y" (аш) (Ian 3x)!

"аза

о
| cos 3х
паЗхпе
3

Ози3х
(
д
`$
P
ә
со.
ви,

-
rte Pe z дел а
а Е ie pa PE Ди pese:
 комом"
05
О5 а Advanced Differentiation 1

Obtain the first order derivative of cach of the foll

owing functions.
(1) уз sin x(1- cosx)
[Sol] у" = (мп х)" + cosx) + sinx(] + соз г)”
= cos.v(1 + cosx) — sim"x
-2cosx-tcosx—| [= (2с05Х — 1) (cos x+ |)|

(2) у = sin2xcos3x
[Sol] у = cos2x(2x)' cos3x + sin2x(—sin3x) (Зк),
= 2cos 2x cos 3x — 3sin2xsin3x

= (cos5x + cos x) + 2(с055х — cosx)

Е!
= 7 (Scos5x — cosx)| Alternate Solution
y = sin2x
cos 3x = (sin5х — vin x)

муе 1(5 cos5x — cos г)

(3) y = sin2xtanx
| ; эх Y
[Sot] у = (2sin 08 тэх) = 2(sinn к)!

* 46in x(sin x)'

= Ásin x cosx
= 2sinZr
 O5b
(4) y = sin^rcos2x
[501] у = 2sin x(sinx)' cos2x + sin?x( —sin 2x) (2x)'
= 2sin x cos ccos2x — 2sin? xsin2x
7sin2xcos2x —2sin?xsin2x [Alternate Solution И:
= sin 2x(cos2x — 2sin?x) y= sin 2(сока -2 сөзі) (Ше.

= sin2x(2cos2x - |)
(uer = 2sin 2xcos2x — sin2x
ijnо y= sin’ xcos* x 7 sin 4x — sin 2x
s Боју = 3(si
x)n?
(sin x)'(cos?
x) + (sinx) -2co
x(cos
s x)'
= Jsin xcos! x— 2cos xsin*x
= sin? x cosх(3соз? x —2sin*x)
= sin
xcos
? x(3 — Ssin?x)
Te
па
с
гелі
аты
АНА
eit
dh
ce
л
Ет
ІС
нала
iore
REUS
Па
тастанды
мал
“рот
Stee
261
2т".
eT
“санг:
T
t
рнаЧРу "ip.
1Дей
Ти
mr
5ыгы ЧEае
Бұға,
чл.
ТЕ
8133
61255
Бетіне
нсұ,
еа |

©. ул ахсойн | t
|501)y= (oper ae x(cos x)"
p cos x— 2cos x sin |
о пез:~ 2cos x(1— соз? х)
nen
TA
EE
8-2
11.1
Ram
TEES
қсы
unt
Py
P
Ч oe.
ра

_ 0) y=sin3x
+ cos?
[Sol] у’ = (sin 3х)'
+(cos к)!
= 3cos3x — sinx? (г?)
= 3cosJr ~ За sin c?
 KUMON'
Оба Advanced Differentiation 1
Time + tg

Obtain the first order derivative of cac

h of the following functions.

(1) у= V cos3x

Solliy 1
x ————— (cos 3r)"
| ly 2М cos 3с x
Jsin 3x

(2) y= V1-—sinx

(Боју = TEES sina)

2 CORE
21 - sinx

[Sol] у = ү x)
 O6b

(4) у = sin?(3+x2)
[Sol] у' = 2sin(3x + 2)(sin(ax + 2)
7 бип(Зх + 2)
соѕ (3х +2)
= 3sin(6x +4)

(5) у-соз(1-242)
[Sol] у’ = Зеов:(
1 -— 25°) [с0$(1 -—24
2))
= I2rcos?(17—
2 17)
(1 —231)

Т
EE
„__ Sine
(1 + cos x)?

ь
,—
-
—
I. Obtain the first order derivative of
the exponential function y= f(x) =a"
.
[Sol] Using the formula for the deriva
tive of f(x),

ауу а" *^—а:

ах iim h

Since q!*^ = а). 1

та а“ (0)

The value of f110) is the derivative of y= Г (х) = gt atx =0, 3 2|

The value of f' (0) is also the slope

of the tangent line at x = 0.
4Жыры
Mm
нг

Assuming the
at
isthe value of a atwhich theslop
ре eof the tang nt line
at f(0) is 1, the derivative becomes: Ku. | ph i
rb
Cd.
Чcs
mhi
п
rm
НН

2” ie) mers -[] |

--ди +:
p) ines...|
(4
Е
1 КУМО м:
) О8а O8
Advanced Differentiation 1
| Time i to |: шэ — г |

С10т0%а| с90%а |sex

Dato
ЕМате |
Name
| лао, ГE
T
1, Obtain the first and second
order derivatives of each of the
functions. following

(1) ұла!

[Sol] у =e!

уге”

(2) yee"
[Sol] у = e-"(- x8) = — 3424»
у = (А) зе“ 412. (е-Ру)
= – 3 (2х)“е + 2. (-3х2е:57)|
= — Әле”(2 — 3x)
(= 3xe"" (3x) — 2)

(3) узе! жет"

[Sol] у =е (хуље = xy!
= (4-67!

y. = (=)! (ety
set pti
 U
0 CO
NS
O8b
2. Obtain the
first order deri
vative Of cach
of the follow
(4
(1) ya а" ing functions
.
[Sol] y = gir,
та: (3x): =
За". Ing

(4) ум lete
rj?
[Sol] Yel
+. "Ц
е teu
"2er * e fet а
24
(eh _ ed)
 KUMON
Ода O9
Advanced Differentiation 3

Obtain the first order deri

vative of cach of the foll
owing functions.
(1) уж (х= је
[Sol] y = (x — x2)'er 4 (x—
д2) (е),
(1-26 + (x — је
=(1—х— је

(2) у = xem"
[Sol] у" = (ху сг“ X(e- 7)
не + хес! үзү,
зе 216-6
= (1—2х?)ес+!

(3) y = еіп
[Sol] y’ = 265531 + e '3co
s 3x
= e" (2sin3x + 3cos3x)

(4) y-
cn, Cree
БО 225 су ]сыс
(x= Пе
=
гара
іл іл Лү:
 x ect l)e Det
(езін2
2 067

Ду
+e"

Sol] y= ее ер | Метие Solution

(е + en |
46-І
a 4е е! "Eri

а шаг | yen eae

їе!» єс?
(e+ 1): 2
„45 |
("гүр
+10)" |
 КОМО) м:
010
О10а Advanced Differentiation 1
Tune А to

1. Obtain the first and second order deriva

tives of each of the following
functions,

(1
y)7xe*
[Sol] у = x'e* (ету
mestre! те (Ек)
Уве! +е (|+)
= "(2+
ү)

(2) y= —cos2x + sin3x

[Sol] у = (sin 2x) (2x)’+(cos3x)( 3r)’
= 2sin 2x + 3cosAx
у = 2008 2x(2x)'—3sin3x(3x)’
= 4cos2x — Ози 3x

2. Obtain the first order derivative of cach of the following

functions.
i
=
| )2 _ (tan 2x)!
[Sol] у’ "ls:
tan2x/ l tan 2x)?
ы Фе
ши
2.x «cor
? 2x
2
M ы нн a

sin^2x
Оло T Er
=-
(2) у = sináxcos3x
[501] у = сов4х(4х) cos3x + sin 4x(—sin 3x) (3x)' us :T
= 4cos4xcos3x — 3sin4xsin 3x Да

= 2(cos7x + cos x) + (cos 7x — cosx) а

=5(7cos 7x + cos x) lesu э

2
Н ЛИД
IERI M

FL IM TAS.
1 4573
— А

v^ т
атқа
e CET сқ
и) Мат
комом
О 11
О 11а Advanced Differentiation 2

1. Differentiate the logarithmic function у=

(х) =Inx. (x ^0)
(501) Using the formula for the derivative of
f (x).
dy _ lin In (x * h)- Inx
dx һб Л

л (8527)
- рт]zi(a+ 3J
Substituting К for das h — 0 then k — 0.
< = |lim
ШЕ -In (1 «i

= СЕП + 2

However, since би + Lyme,

jim in (1 + к)! = [1]

: 5 Da ПЕП +)!
G2
| Using the formula for differentiation of composite
|
| functions when x < 0,

[In( — x)J' d (- 1) =-

Formula | (Inix])' =>

 0110
log,x using the resull of side a,
ә Differentiate the function y =
x > 0.
where a 0,a * 1, and

the formula
For base conversion, usc

In x
[Sol] ул loge ^ па
у =.
1271 ===1
Ina x xing

3. Differentiate
cachofthefollowing functions: |||
(уха 2
Ба
Soll y = ——-(3x

3
-

|
=
Р
а
1)"
JE
== р
n

5. [i п
Eee— rim |
= : н
теч: TE Е
ағ s
(3)О ERN ры Таян ВИР ж
ri Án | LI pm = ы"

ЕД
Pa JE — }M : gi ME um ro
Л = 1)
т BLA" Law го 4

IT ГоаРА
Тена; ва: ви њи
= =

м ne __-__-________-_____-- labe
 [501] y= nD
t М1)

ББ10n
x + 9) Sr
Diss

(6) у= Цада

ОЙ
[SolУ] у =а
о1. 1
2- Ing
ста

) улх орд

Гу “г

ШЕР
т из ше)

a ne
да. 2)
 Differentiate cach of the following functions.

(1) у= c(Inx)?

[Sol] уг 2x- (Ink)? + 2-3 Inx)? =

= riino (2х + 3)

(2) уз In(x + Ма + 1)

[Sol] у = У
2 х+ Мх: + |
EE и.
МАЕ
22а |
х + Ме
zu

|-V a |

rej

_ (3) у= (Ух + 11027

[Sol] y= (2x4 I)!'In2x-

сут зиетна E
+1002) пап
О 13b
sin x
(4) yoo=
[501] у-іп(1- sinx) — In (1 + sinx)
У = [In(1 - sinx)]'-[in(1 + чад)
120085 cosx
|-sinr 1+sinx

= cos (= - 1)
sinr- 1 sinx + |
2совх
E тр
яах – |
 О 14

1. Differentiate the following function.

у=х (x>0)

[Sol] This function cannot be differentiat

ed as it is.
Taking the natural logarithm of both side
s,

In y = хх

Differentiating both sides with respect

to x,

LHS
| Ju
= 4 In y = dy" уа
, ду. Д|
| ax
dy

RHS =|

Therefore,

y de
1 Чу

dy — | | | *
"ат linxl)

This method is called logarithmic differentiation:

 О 14b P —
2. Differentiate cach of the following functions :

(1) у-7 id
[Sol] Taking the natural logarithm of both sides,
Iny= xin?
Differentiating both sides with respect to x,
ests

=
y п?
F Ын
Ы”
ж

уз 7117

(2) yax" (ұ>0)

[Sol] Taking the natural logarithm of both sides.
муз 2xinx
Differentiating both sides with respect to x,
1628
y ?hr*2
^ y 72x'(Inx
41)

(3) y «2^ sins

[Sol] Taking the natural logarithm of bothsides,

In|y| = хід + In|sin x|

Differentiating both sides withrespect

tox,
4= nz+605
* Y *2'(In2- sin x + сове)
ы,

à|3deme ||
й 1

r i
| 1
H T
n

T =
Ц . т =
5 Ё
KUMON 015
О 15a Advanced Differentiation 2

Differentiate cach of the following functions.

(1) уз (3x - 1)?
[Sol] Rewriting, |
у=

Taking the natural logarithm of both sides.

му = 510( + 31п|3х — 1|
Differentiating both sides with respect to r,

УЗ. 25 409.
У х 3-1 x(3x-I)
„у (30 - 1) (24x — 5)

ЕЕ х +1)?

lx +1}?
[Sol] Rewriting, |уј =
Ix -2P-]x + зи
Taking Ше natural logarithm of both sides, 1s
In|y|
= Мајх * 1| -21n|x
- 2|uer
— И ас |
Differentiating both sides with respect fox
х, До ТЕГ

ии
(+ 00-29083).
316 — — (x 1p
sya- (r+ lir--2) (= +3) ее
(х +100к38 0
(х= мн
 O 15b
| — 3)
9) y= | (х 5
S NES
wrwriitiinу ngg,
|301] | ReRe
у. Е (x—3) |
y T=Te L 2)
Taking the natur
al logarithm of
both sides,
ІПу- 5Bln|x
7 3| — ши 7l
|- In|x = 2)
Differentiating )
both sides with
respect (0 х.

У 2x3 Xl I.
#--- 15-3
2(x— 1) (x — —2—
)(x — 3)
ey те: 3
2(x — 1) (x
(x — 1) (x -2)
(x — 1)(x
| А

(4) y= уме (х>0)

[Soi] Taking the
natural logarithm
o f both sides.
In y = (In х)?
Differentiating
beth sides With
respect tox,
.
у:«л 2181
JE жа ах
» ы x
лу = 205 "ди
| x .
а ДАРА
KUMON О 16
O 16a Advanced Differentiation 2

il ғ

In each exercise, obtain the valuc of 2 of the given function. Express

Ше
answers in terms of x and y.

(1) ac *by=] (be0) О

[Sol 1] Solving
(1) for y,
dx?
digi Ts
(а) When y = =
| b
— Јах
yx b –ах 1 (ax
| сак ђ | та

г. From (a) and (b),

ay ах
dx by
[Sol 2] Differentiating both sides of (1) with respect to x.
Тұ
i
2üx + Зу" VEN 0
 "Б
р
еріт Т
та И И ТЫ Ди
Еген MU
= || |

ё
=
a | ју є |1 чя аа, Г
oom n os
Рг oo
Fs =n |
РЕ та ы к au
F

г ы Р ще
E ÉL індер наи Pi"
ca ұстаume m к г
вина LE Р |
комом" О 17
О 17а Advanced Differentiation 2
Time _: [о : ае Мате -

[n cach exercise, obtain the valuc of ~ of the given function.

ал

(1) Vx + Уул Va
[Sol] Differentiating both sides with respect to х,
| | dy
— ааа a = ()
2W X Му dx

dyo
LE WIS ЖШ =
[у
V =

(2) (yt1y-2-*x
[Sol] Differentiating both sides with respect to x.
dy =Зи-|
у)йх

dy 2x—1-
dx 2y+l

(3) ху= |
[Sol] Differentiating both sides with respect to x,
йу _
^r = ||
y Ша
пу
ae аи

да ї
 O17b
(4) уг = 4px
[Sol] Differentiating both sides with respect to x.

(5) sin x 4 sin y zm]

[Sol] Differentiating both sides with respect to x,

COS x + cosy 22= ()

„Фу
| сох
ах созу

(6) ш(х+у) = x

[501] Differentiating both sides with respect to х.

dy
(223
ах
xy
‚ Чу йг = |
Дир Ху“
KUMCN' O 18
O 18a Advanced Differentiation 2

[Sol 1] From (ТУ- GF.

Х2- yl 24
Differentiating both sides with respect (0 х,
(Ту
eX —4 77 ве ()
dx

dy
z dy а?
[Sol 2] Since dx ах“

dt
dx 1 dy 1
di Ё! гаје а

dy
|
а gt]
сах dx "d È-
di |"

When x = f(r) and y= g(t),

О 18b
(2) х={+1, у=3 +2
dx dy
Soll
--- = , ==
[Sol] dt | di З

dy
, дуг ар
" dx dx
di

(3) х-/%2, yet

dE 1 ду _ 2
бо, р Р p

24у di.20831)
Пак ux. И
| а

2 j-r
а-я 7 peg
Sol] а.$4.4000)
Б (ї+ г)?
Пи и)
+")
Фу:
di
2050-08-02
(1+7):
4.
г СЕИ)?
4у
2552-52-20
“dy dr 1-F
di
комом: О 19
О 19а Advanced Differentiation 2
Tire _ : о :- —— е = Мате -

100% |s% |sex тоа |

Ст | wx wx Раз
: | i dy
Іп cach exercise, using the given equations, obtain the value of dr
=
(1) x=sinf, у = cost
| dX
Soll — = сом
Sol dt ,

ау |
--а — sin!
dt

dЧу _ sin
.. ~ = Чай!
4х
хо cos!

(2) x * asimt, у= Всози

dx ЖЕЕ
[Sol] Т = Jasin" сох

Чу
AA 3Бсох1(-41)

Чу —3heostsnt
иа си"
В
"dx 3asimicow аа!
O19b
(3) x=a(cost+rsint), y=alsint ^ rcost)
dx |
[Sol] те а (—sinr) + sint + 1со84| = а сох

"y
77 = cost d[cost —— (cost -— tsint)] ==atsint

БЭРТ
| dx atcost
= [anf

sint cost
4) х= -
(x tait e rara?
- (cost)(t+ tant) = ino (1+ za)
(бој Ee — — м eost]
(1+ tans)?
(cost + sinr Te n! ломcosts
i ie +
a|ad
гн 25) во ( сох /
(еч |
COS f

_ Icos't sinr
(Ісо51
+ sins)?

(Сезіп) (+ tanr) - (cos) 1 + ——

„е
dit
ites,
(г + tant)? |
- tsintcos't — cosi (sin? + cos!
r)- cost
(t cos + sint)?
_ 7 Isinrcos't–2cost
(t созт sins)?

dy -ish
- (sin (cos*f ~ 2 со5
Ах I cos! r— sint
=

: йу
1. Obtain the value of T of the following
function.
112
at +---
(where a and b are positive constants)
[Sol] Dilferentiatine бо, sides with respect
to x.
2x 1 2y dy
а | dx
Therefore, -----

2. Using Ше given equations, obtain the value of 25,

~ со uc

[50] Taking the natural logarithm ofboth s

elреза la акен
- TTE ра "UT
О 20b

(х-2
(ума (x — 3) (x):
— 1)
[Sol] Rewriting,

|
-|(х=
(2): |
3)(х= 1)
Taking the natural logarithm of both sides,
1
In y = 2(21n|x —2| – In|x —3| – In|x — 11)

Differentiating both sides with respect to x,

T -
у 2(х-2 ж-3 х-|
гас ——Á | een

(x - (x 2) (х – 3)

О-о. (1-3) - 1
/ (x — 1x -
3)
(x= M - 39
 KUMCON' O 21
О 21 а Increasing and Decreasing Functions

Given the fractional function y =

х+1'
lim. у= +0, lim y*-—*7, and lim (у= (x- D]. lim
i+ = ЕТ |” -...Т

Therefore, the equations of the asymptotes are x = — 1, у= x — 1.

| When studying fractional functions, we can easily obtain the equations

| of the asymptotes if we can separate the fractions:
x? ael
ут үші. ЫТ (ее де атестат derived)
x | * from this format of the functioa. |

For each given fractional function, create a variation table and note where
the function increases and decreases. Then, state the гешцус extreme
с
value(s) and asymptote(s), and draw the graph.
0) T 11a
5-3
432 | + л
| 2.
2

Bay +х+3
Se
| |
| |
| | |

а ОЈ 224
YN nk 3) vous
| |
е eae uic
ГУ
ЕЯРАЕШЕЧ ГҮ Оо ЦЭ
There is a relative maximum value of |(ЕН, ахо ;
г.

Soret
№

There is a relative minimum value of (ЕЗ) ах = [0].

From (1),
The asymptotes arc: |
 O21b
| r^-—Àx
(2) у хі + 3

| Зх+3 3x + 1) :
(Що +3 v3 що
ya -3.
+3 -— («+ |) 2х = 3(x — Dx + 3)
(x? +3)? (2-3):

There Ка relative maximum маше of ala = -3.

А г Тай Ї
There is a relative minimum value of 73 at x= |.

Note: A curve may стола an asymptote. Аз xapproaches positive or negative infinity,

ihe curve approaches that asymptote.
KUMON 022
О22а Increasing and Decreasing Functions
ПЕ ЕЕ Date Marne

и та рече p
For cach given fractional function. crcate a variation table and note where
the function increases and decreases. Then, state the relative extreme
value(s) and asymptote(s). and draw the graph.

NSH на ort|
(1) y-—

СУ, X |
[Sol] y = пее ax

| (ке (к—"|)
Lг : ЕЗ
]
жи

There is a relative maximum value of —2, at x = — |.

There i$ a relative minimum value of 2, у |.

From
The asymptotesare: yx, x0
O22b

(2 | „же 4x— 10
———
2 rad

_ 4(х > D) (x — 4)
(x7
—4):

There is a relative minimum value of [2] ax= [1]

Since.„Птı y= | ==] lim y=

The asymptotes аге: x= #2, y=0

жаа
тэн
Чин
ју
ты
НЫ
CN
cm
uem
IE
E.
р= =o и o ac лйы
нш L
шы
„ш
= NET
pomme
чинк

||

Je
Шы
НЫ
шины
комом" 023
O23 a Increasing and Decreasing Functions
Time a Date Nama 5

ТҮГЕ З SSS) ЕЕ SSE

For each given function, create a variation table and note where the
function increases and decreases. Then, state the relative extreme value(s)
and asymptote(s), (if any), and draw the graph.

х+ 1
(1) y E
Ме 3
= ИА |
МИСАО cm ЗС
[Sol] у =
r4+3 Vie +3?

There ts a relative maximum value of =: 21-3.

There is no relative minimum value:

Since lim ул-1 and lim y* I,

faa = € TTE:

The asymptotes
are: у=-|, ys]

Б|
ж ш | ^ AO БЫ ШЫ сыш ЯШЕ шш
и UP = РЕdd m ca um
%
:
і
н
O 23b
(2) у-хУ1-х (Since 1 — х?= 0, the domain is - 1 x 1.)

[Sol]
i |
у = У] — x7 +
у = % == уз

2Л еу: (-2х)
5 r= d TS
2 | па Каса)
үс жа {= 7 т и.
нет
Vib=

: Ще: ЕЛЕҢ
Thereis a relative maximum value of арх а,
VS
There is a relative minimum value of — gab xm ==

There are no asymptotes.

 KUMON O 24
О 24а Increasing and Decreasing Functions
Таты» 4 to

For each given function, create a variation table and note where the
function increases and decreases. Then, state the relative extreme values
and draw the graph.

(1) y»=sinx(1 + cosx) (0-х-52т)

[Sol] y = сок(1 + cosx) + sinr-(—sinz)

-2covrx-tcosx—]
= (cosx+ 1)(2cosx — 1)

Ртотсовк= - |. үст
F | ч ӛт
эрэ.
а
ашт
548
ый
|
-—
т
Wwe
=
Ww"
о—
-
“Р
чт
Оо”
m
ч=
rom cos x >: X 3 3

А |
There 15 a relative maximum value of Bo at x ж. 4

There is a relative minimum valuc of 55 хе Бат

О24р

(2) у= 2Zsinx — sin2x (0 55 х= 27)

[Sol] у = 2 cosx —2 cos2x |

СЭ р. From the Sum-to-Product Formulas
Дап – 7/ (МАЗА)
$1 37im s.
3*

There is a relative maximum үйіне of 22 зх = =

There
is a relative minimum value of Er = T.
комом 025
О 25 а Increasing and Decreasing Functions
Time cms Ю

For cach given function, create a variation table and note where the
function increases and decreases. Then, state the relative extreme value(s)
and asymptote(s), (if any), and draw the graph.

(1) у=2x — tanx (-Z<x<)

There is a relative maximum value

Т т

2| 4

There i$ а relative minimum value

т т
of 1 ——.at c» ==
2 4

{Since lim у= +o and lim уж-%,

|| в - m
=
i
i eae

2 л

| The
т asymptotes аге: і--2,т у=}T ||
2 257221 |
я 1
27
| Ж |

"m
"WE
сылы
LL
BUE
2Buo
ыы
ы
E
B
M
О 25 b
(2) y=xsinx
+ cosx (0-5 x27)
[Sol] у’ = sinx+ x cosx — зид
= д COS X

Thereis а relative maximum value of > al x =

There is а relative minimum value of xd ах = "E

E а

There are no asymptotes.

 ыраа TTL

KUMCON'
O 28
O26a Increasing and Decreasing Functions
Time: to Dalo

ДЫ cach given function, create а variation table and

note where the
unction increases and decreases. Then, state
the relative extreme valu
and asymptote(s), (if any), and draw the graph.
22
457-4Х-1
(1) y=
4(x-D)
[Sol] y= 4r - 4к + | !
4(х- 1) ЛЕТ ө,
АСДЫЛ |
—
ос
Бг
074707.
0T
е
сә”
>
че
Gu
эт
эт
21) (x — 1)
m d
4
угж
4(х-І) (ы-і):

|
ізfü, atat. x ==.
2 ===

Thereis а relative minimum value

ыпа
бейіті

of2.“х-;
at x = =. ЧЭ | БЭЭ"

шы
emm
UT
Hi
Ананы
ыы.
ы
лит
peat
тұры
Артист:
i Гн
-
О 26b
| 4x + 2х+4
2 =
(2) xt]

m: i 2х |
[Sol] у A ETT МО

Щи 1)(х-1)
усна=
й

(2+1):

There is a relative maximum valuc of 5, at x= 1.

Thereis a relative minimum value of 3, at x= — 1.

From
The asymptoteis: у = 4

ча жт жож ш ы к чаша -4.] жы |

1 г

-т
cum
№
М|ат ОЛНЫ.
НШ
НЫ
ОННО
ОТ
ЭГ
СН”
та
Joc

4 -5 -4 -3 -2 -І ла
- und dna ха e =
KUMCON'
027
О27а Increasing and Decreasing Functions
|
Time : ю Date | Mame

For cach given function, create a variation table

and note where the
function increases and decreases. Then, state the rela
tive extreme value(s)
and asymptote(s), (if any), and draw the grap
h.
Xx-x4l
МИ Жл ee
| 15-31
XJ
[So | )
] A = — = — > шин Ia
2х
RA
т°+ к + |
та нев
l До у + | ©

Gt Dx- 1)
у =>2
(секір

There is a relative maximum value of 3, at

x = —1.
Гисте is a relative minimum value of тах
ғ Е | Ч в
г

|.
| ы

From (1),
The asymptote is; y |
О27р
(2) yx-sinàk (-т хєл)
[Sol]у = 1 + 2cos2x (-2я = 20 = 2m)
From со52х = - 5,

rm 47 _2т 2т 47
3:234 34:4
| 2п пл Оп
erefo
There re
fore, X M ——
3' ne
3'3'
see 3---
КОМО м: O28
О28а Increasing and Decreasing Functions
Time 4222100

For cach given function, create a variation table and

note where the
function increases and decreases. Then, state the
relative extreme value(s)
and asymptote(s), (if any). and draw the grap h.

(1) у= д7" (where e = 2.718) (Note: lim = = ())

[Sol] у = Је * s х(- Пе“ =e 'к(2—'х)

There is a relative maximum value of 3

= “054 alr = 2
There is а relative minimum value of О. at.x =
0),
%

Since lim y=
=з Е

lim rel!
г Й ти

ит | pow ЈУ»

The asymptote ік: у = 0

О 28b
In x
(2) y-—— (wherex70) In.
(Note: lim шті - 0)|
|
—*Xx их |
тр. І-іпх ше- ша

There ts a relative maximum value of :~ 0,37, к =2.

There i$ no relative minimum value.

[
Since limy ^ —* and lim y= lim == а,
©” Кр rete Д

s
The asymptoteire. x 90, у-0
KUMON 029
О 29а Increasing and Decreasing Functions
Тимо : to : Date Name
ж.

770% | 2
For cach given function, create а variation table and note where the
function increases and decreases, Then, state the relative extre
me valuc(s)
and asymptote(s), (if any), and draw the graph.

(1) у-хі“Іп(2- x)

21(1--х2)
= 2-7
[Sol] y m 21 = pote ~

There is a relative maximum value of l.atx = I.

There is a relative minimum value of [n 2, at x = 0.

Since ІШ v7—-and lim. y= —x,

аА 2

The asymptotes аге: ки =У2

|| ||
SERA
| |
i=
О29р

(2) учл:-5%5-2іпх

[Sol] у 92x о S (52)

X X

There is a relative maximum value of Ч -114,11 x = >

There is a relative minimum value of In4— Ll; at x — 2.

Since lim y = —2,

on

The asymptote НС х = 0)
KUMON’
O 30
O30a Increasing and Decreasing Functions
Time : о : Date Marne

For cach given function, create a variation table

and note where the
function increases and decreases. Then, state the rela
tive extreme value(s)
and asymptote(s), (if any), and draw the graph.

4x+ 3
0) Хара
Sol] у = —2.
(#3 -2) .2 (2x=1)(x +2)
~ : : 2
Sol] ) (x^ |): (251)

l here is а relative maximum value of 4. ах =

There is a relative minimum хаше of -1.a
t хе -2

Since lim y = 0,
Ела m

The asymptote is: y s ()

О 30b
: КЕ
(2) ~ 8472 яп2х + =ЈЕРsin3x (-п>д-т)
[Sol] у' сохх — сок 2x + co
s3y
"(соқ + COS Ar) = со
з2д
= 2 cos 2.1 COS x — co
s?

= 2 cos2 (cos; -2)

= 2(2 cosir- (sos -

1)

rn me nt
Since the graph of y 15 sy
mmetric with respect lo th
variation table over the doma e origin, creating the
in 0 5 x < 7.

In-m-5x-mg.
The relative maximum
values are: | The relati
ve minimum Values are:

4У2-3 ^ 4V243
4\/2+3 2-22
МЗ о

іш
т
ш
mn.
4
— 1
 KUMCON' О 31
О 31а Сопсауйу and Tangent Lines
Timo — : 10 : _ Dato Мате

100% | 90%, | oo

| When Го) > 0, the curve of f(x) opens upward, and is called conca
ve ан
When Г(х) = 0, the curve of f(x) opens downward, and is
called concave down. |
Concave up Concave down
mam
чиэстэээгээж
==

y" f(x)

~ e
Е

Note that the slopes of the tangent Note that the slopes of the langent
lines f(x) uniformly increase. lines / (х) uniformly decrease,
f(x) > 0 fix) «0
|, In cach exercise, determine whether the curve of the given function is
concave up or concave down.

(1) учк+х+5+к+6 (20)

[Sol] = | 4x 3 + УЕ
Since у” |> 10,
The curve is concave оусг) < х<х.
(2) уеїлх (x>0)
[Sol] у о
Ще в | АЕ ра i

Since у“ = 0,
The curve is concave down over 0< сс х.

(3) уже"
[Sol] y есі, y* et
Since у” > 0,
The curve is concave up.
 O31b
(4) у-япх (-п<х<л)

[Sol] у’ = cos x, ут = -sinx

pem -т<х<0, у" [> ]о, and the curve is concave | up |.

Over 0«х«т, у" [«]o. and Ше curve is concave | down |.

In the vicinity of the origin, the curve of y = sinx is:

Concave up when x [<]o, but changes to

Concave down when x [>].

The point at which the curvature changes is called ап inflection point.

Therefore, a change in the sign of f"(x) implies an inflection point.

2. Obtain the inflection point(s) of the following functions.

(1) у=х'—4х' + 16х

[Sol]у = 4x! -12x7 + 16, у“ = 12x? - 24x

= 12x(x—2)
Therefore, when x = 0), у= 0
мһепхж2, у= 16

Inflection points: (0,0). (2, 16)

(2) ужх? + Зах +a! (а>0)

Therefore, when с = —g, у= За?

Inflection рони: (~a, За?)

Note: Aninflection point is a point at which the concavity changes,

i.c. а роми af which f"(x) = 0.

"ni №
b
жж
лл
а
к.
~.
~
гaын,
Їына
Зола
2 ыLЧm ME
Шы
 For cach given function, create a variation table indicating wher
e the curve
is concave up and concave down, and note the point(s) of infle
ction. Then,
state the азутр(огс(5), (if any), and draw the graph.

(1) ут-х(х-4)
[501] у’ = 4x! - I2 = 4c(x - 3)
у = ІӘл(х- 2)

Note: \__ means concave up and decreasing. 7 means concave up and increasing, =
x means concave down and decreasing, (77means concave down endincreasing. |
ір. is an abbreviation for inflection point.
O 32 b
(2) у=х-15 +14

[Sol] у = 554 — 45х? = 57 (+ 3)(х – 3)

у” = 20х` — 90x = 20x(x +

Въ), 2 зу?)
3=

"hb
ы
ee
=
CES
Gm
Ғы
=jhe
комом" 033
О 33a Concavity and Tangent Lines

For cach given function, create a variation table indicating where the curve
is concave up and concave down, and note the point(s) of inflection. Then,
slate the asymptote(s), (if any), and draw the graph.

| 1
COSY та

2x
[501] 5
5 1 ун--- 14-12) “ыж

Е 2(3х1- 1)
(1+ c)

Since lim у= 0,
jt

The asymptote 18: у= 0

 O33 b

(2) ye
] |
3 сура + бөн

Note: Asa — =, the curve approaches

but never touches orcrosucs the parabola
y ^ However, sence y ^ 17 ip not alise, itis not Comidered to be an asymptote,
For cach given function, create а variation table indicating where the curve
is concave up and concave down, and note the point(s) of inflection. Then,
state the asymptote(s), (if any), and draw the graph.

(1) у=х+со52х (OS x527)

[Sol] y’=1—2sin2x
y" = -4сок2х

А
PT

21 АЙ | <

МИА
2^. i i
г,“ : f

T | і |
Л | |
Те J || |" Ld
d

[1 къде
Б) ! 13 | Н 14 252
О 34b
+
(2) y= хе (Note: lim — = o)
Тева + а г!

[50] у= е хал + 4)
у me's?(x + 2)(х + б)

ar
umano
-——"—
№
ТЕШ: |
ЕТ
жар
с.
de
АА
ШШ
ш.
оD
ы
е
жо

> i dem 52.ы” - =

KUMON 54
O35a Concavity and Tangent Lines
Time = = рт Date

Td ич1 '

Рог cach given function, create a variation table indicating where

the curve
15 Concave ир and concave down, and note the point(s) of inflec
tion. Then.
state the asymptote(s), (if any), and draw the graph.

ИЙЕ) салға
a 3
Sol ги ] mm
[Бо +3

y
г
“БЖ т
Ох
ETE
122 6G3 3) ча (а? + 3)
1 (x? + 3)!

dm БӨКСЕ СЕНІ ---

Зе. (x? +
3 Т

Rel. min. at 1-0

The asymptote ім ул

жазар ың ruri cales сайн Ж ce m dp po M ШШ тш а ои оe ____- a = ц = =

О 35b
T
О. у= 3(x +1)
ас
[So] y “Зүс 1)?

dye x с ые 3x2|
7 (х + 1): > Кү?

Зу' = 1+
3(х+1)?- (3x *2)-2(x + 1)
(x + 1)"
_ x(x +3)
(x + 1)?
„ (За + бхХх%1))-3х(х %3Х + 1):
Зу (x+ 1)"

‘anne
"A,
=.
:Ux
x
=
ы
LE
Шалыс
Ч
ч
"ut
айыл
за.
он.
=
a
ж.
аё
„Ты:
“-
|a_|==_ P
KUMON’ 026
О 36a Concavity and Tangent Lines
Time à to

For cach given function, create a variation table indicating where the curve
IS concave up and concave down, and note the point(s) of inflection. Then.
state the asymptote(s), (if апу), and draw the graph.

(1) у-
М | + х:

| :1
[Sol] у —=== и (1 + Х3)
МІЗ
à | | «71
»pU mE e 24 4- үзc) Д 2x | = |

ээ та | (s- !

(b 0°)"

Since lim у == 0,

The asymptote is; ус()

(Note: The curve із symmetric with respect lo the paxta.) |

5 up
orna
 О 36b

(0)) у=yx=
юх-1
бо] y = ех
| pets
(Inx)? = x(In x)? 4

2
LI
Ге
ы ||

| х Since timy=0 and> e, |

tear t i а

“үр рита| | a А,

(|т r п | =J 2 г. л Ч i z P
HS ч 5 м, и = rt Ги Т

ны с, : і |
Lm
EST қ
e
P
„==,
: ; due
Jui.
rer
^
T 4 е. Е.
= "or : or M a n rrr

ы : :
+ "

des
МЕ
m
ЭХ
zm
а
E.
i
ы= 5

oa
H nir
Г Ир
"
комОм 037
O37a Concavity and Tangent Lines
Tene : to

Given a curve with point Ala. f(a)).

| из slope at A is Г (а).

The equation of the tangent line at point A

can be expressed as:
y- | ла) |- |/(4)| а-
а)
2'{р),/ (0) sammy
Find the equation of the tangent line to each of the following curves at the
given point, Then, graph the curve and the tangent line.

(1) у= д + 2х-1 (0, —1) Ла)

[Sol] Letting f(x) ва? 2x - 1,

f(x) 22x 2
f' (022

The equation of the tangent line is:

- (0)
у-|- Пейдж
у = 2у- |

(2) y=- —х+2х (-І,-2)

[Sol] Letting —f(x) 9 = € 2x,

f'(x) == - 20 +2
ГТ1-1) 21

The equation of the tangent line ік

үз-і-2)- +)
узх-1
О 37 b

(3) y=sinx (5= у?)

uoo
[Sol] Letting f(x) = зид,
f'(x) = cosx
(3 \ _ №2

(G7) 2

The equation of the tangent line is:

y= Ма ЗМ, - За)
281175227; 1
y МО 5 X 2-2 -1)
АТ. |

(4) узе (1.e)

/"(1) “е

The equation of the tangent line is:

yore e(x— 1)

ЈЕ
KUMON оза
О 38а Сопсауйу and Tangent Lines

Given a curve with point A and ils tangent line at рони A, the normal line
at point A is the line that passes through point A and is perpendicular to
the tangent line at point A.

|. Given a curve with point B(b, f(b)). find the equation of the normal line 4 и
at point В. | па
[Sol] The slope of the tangent line is: f(b)
Since the normal line is perpendict
the slope of the normal line із: |
Therefore, the тоо of the ЕТ line i15:

10)" т (x — b)
2
2. Find the equations of the tangent line and the normal line to cach ei the 21
following curves а the given point. Then, graph the curve, the tangent
line and the normal line. 1
(1) угх—3х-1 (1-3)
[Sol] Letting f(x) = à — 32 —1,
f(x)
= 3х2 ~ бх
Г) = -3
The equation of the tangent line is:
үш-3х
The equation of the normal line is:

=I
Ж --
1
 О 38b

(2) y=cos2x (=.о)

[Sol] Letting f(x)

= cos2x,

(0
f'(x) = —2sin2x

The equation of the tangent line is:

ү ше ш
ES 4 (s 2)

The cquation of the normal lineis:

um
ЭЭН
cms
айы

уз-:96|
KUMON'
O 39a Concavity and Tangent Lines
Time 5 Date

Find the equations of the tangent line and the normal line to each of the
following curves at the given point. Then, graph the curve, the tangent line
and the normal line.

(1) y=tanx (zr,0)

[Sol] Letting. f(x) = tan x,

fx) =.
COS"x
f'Cm 91 шт
то
за
ви

The equation of the tangent linc is: +.

*
+
у-0< |(х- т) %

у=х—'т
в.
4
"
4
The equation of the normal linc is:
!
Г.

4
a
у-О= Цит)
й
y= =T Ы

2
(2) у= 1-х (0,2)

[Sol] Letting f(x) = Ea У у| it

р 2
fix) = асан
Гі0) «2
The equation
of the tangent
ling із;
у-252(х-0) pt. rS

уз2х-2
The equation of the normal Une ік:
= ар ялт

X Ue шү
mn Hu
a =a

у - 21%2 |

батылыкы8 тг et ы, МР ЕНИ I den нэ

а 2 ү с О ra eee "от Мн аре ара
O 39b
|
С) у= /5- үс
(-2,1)

^ T 1
[Sol] Letting f(x) = ———.
Е ,5- x"
X
f(x) = —
(5- x) Vs – кі
= ре == Р

Г(-2)-2

The equation of the tangent line is:

у-іт-2(х +2)
уз-2х-3
The equationof the normal linc is:
i nus
y- 1s 2 (x +2)

ул (єє)

: In x |
(4) = (1,0)

= эх
[Sol] Letting —f(x)

f' x) "

ге: as
d
The equation of the tangent line №:
y-0ü*l(x- |)
yor]

The equation of the normal line ts:

y=0= = (х=])
у= =х+1
 KUMON'
040
O 40a Concavity and Tangent Lines
Time _: to -

І. Ғог the given function, create а variation table indicating

where the
curve is concave up and concave down, and note the
point(s) of
inflection. Then, state the asymptote(s), (if any), and draw
the graph.

и
х ++]
+1

Х yu ++]
c
г
[Sol] у - ume | - X ct | тыз,
х-+ | е
n
|}
e (T)

; |--жк х (а? +3)

ухан) =чш с
(5241). (x*+ 1)2

y 208-0)
(+ 1)
. 2ак+Мз иж- УЗ)
(C Ir

From (Т),

The asymptote в: y 141

O 40b

2. Find the equation of the tangent line to y = 5 ~ at (o.2)

== + ач
Then. graph the curve. the tangent line, and the normal linc.

[501] Letting f(x) = а va

У 3 à
Г (х): (О-уу B"

f'(0) xL 2 (0.Ч!

ој : --

The equation of Ше tangent line is:

3== 3(2—0) “24
У- |
нв
dme
UU
ты
=

у= ЯГ + 2) |

line is:
The equation of the normal

уаLa -44 ie 0)

ы
721372
 KUMCON' O 41
О 41 а Maxima and Minima
Tm 72 0: _ Date — Мате

In cach exercise, obtain the maximum and minimum values of the

given
function.

fei (735x253)
[Sol] //(х)=
aU
E
(3x4)
ГО) «0 when x= 22

1 “г, ч | г пача. "E. T ! Ё а" i i

1 = T — = ти E queis с Ta! p, ілсе

? тэг - г E 11%

от 1he|tabl | 270000... сак

РБ Ба јин ae = шин тол раирани --жч 4 аа .

Themaximum valueis г

xi

Themin

X
(1) ДО Дино (-1:5х:51)
ч

4- ғ
[Sol]
Sol / (х) ш (стан
e

f(x) #0 when де #2

Erom ве lable,
The maximum valucis 2, (atx |).
=
A|
—
The minimum value is E (at x —[},
O 41b
Ж --2(х-1)
5) ИДЫ Е
2х(х--2)
[Sol] f'(x) = ~ (x*—2x +2)?
f'(x) *0 when х -101|2|
And, m f(x) -[0]

maximum value is 1, (ихе?).

The minimum value is <1, (atx-0)

а) fa)
1 = 77— 2
(Soll FG) =~

Гей when re 2 МА And, lim f(x) “0

The merinin value is у (м = 1- V3)

LE =] |
The minimum value в = Lp аа. (at xe | + МУ
KUMON 042
О 42а Махїта апа Міпіта
Time to Dato _ Мате

In cach exercise, obtain the maximum and minimum values of the given
function.

(1) y=x-sinx (OS x527)

[Sol] y'= 1— cos xz

From the table,

The maximum value is 27, (41х-2т)
The minimum value 5 0, (а х=0).

(2) y=2y—cos2x (0-5

x 2m)
[Sol] у = 2 + 2sin 2x (05 2x 5 4m)
| | T2
у “20 when 2х = T ax which means when x т T

From the table.

The maximum valuc 5 4m 1. (их «ат!
The minimum value1% -1, (arr =),

ча:
O 42b
(3) у= snx(l — sinx) (-7
5 x= а)
[Sol] у = cos x(1 —2sinx)
у "ПО when r= "2626

(4) y = sin2x (-яэхэт)

[Sol] у = 2cos2x (-27 = 2x = 27)
| Зп пял
y =0 when щъ - 2* y 2: 27
комом: О 43
О 43а Maxima апа Minima
Time - to

In cach exercise, obtain the maximum and minimum values of thc given
function.

x-
(0- 51)
ij ] = (|- Ire
t
[Sol] y

when к =
у?
т
(05451
)

у =0

Fron) the table,

The maximum value №

m ===, va
(хX -Уң
V2e 2
The minimum value ік 0. (а! х=0).

(2) у=е е (—1s к= 2)

[Sal] y е е0

From the table, c.

The maximum valucis ете, (ах=-|} 6
The minimumivalueв e?—6, — (atx = 2).
 О 43b
(3) угтіпх
[Sol] у = Inx + 1

From the table,

There is no maximum value.
n
The minimum value is. |
Бол,
| |
acm

(4) у= 72 (15х-е)
[Sol] y = E
=

у= 0 „ыш к = МЕ

The maximum value is x (atx = Ve)

The minimum valucis — 0 (al x = |).

KUM C М’
O 44
О 44а Maxima and Minima

In cach exercise, obtain the maximum and minimum valu

cs of the given
function.

(1 утх-2+V4-r
[Sol] Since 4 СЕ
- = 0,
the domain is [-2] =x = |2 |
Over this domain,
Е о М 4-<-х
yom | +. LI =
Е 55

From the table.

The maximum value $ 2(\/2 — |), (мх= v2)
The minimum value is -4, (мх=-2)

[Sol] Since 4 — x? = 0, the domain 6 -25 1 x2. : EE

y
= 4x°(22== - 3)
Vd- r
y 0 when х 0 and «5/3

From the table,

The maximum value is 393,
The minimum value is -3V3,
О 44b

y" Vx-14 өтү

(3)
сыл улап. 3-0
[501] у =
ИЕР: 2Vtr-1V2-3 x Vadr
VEI)
А
| 3
y = 0 when х =>

From the table,

IT value is v2. (а. 2)

(4) уч
+аМЖж- х
шог the domain њ 0522.

From
the table,

The maximum машем | + V2. (u x = 2= 2)

The титан value із 0, (ate = 0),

 KUMCON' O 45
О 45a Maxima and Minima
Time 1 to

I. Obtain the maximum value of the given function by applying the

following steps.

у = sin'x + cos!x — 3sin xcosx

(1) Letting t= sinx + cos x, express y in terms of r.
[50] 12-віліш + | cos? x|+ 2| sin xcosx -11| + 2| xinxcosx
5 || |
Therefore, sinxcosx > (e -[t]
=| — e-[1i]

у = (мах + созд)" —3Jsinxcosx(sinx+ cosa) - За хооза

4 | 3
ї 544 1) a te 1)

IT + 3T – Yy
2!

(2) Obtain the range of values of r.

[Sol] Since t = V/2sin (х+ H)

(3) Obtain the maximum value of у.

[Sol] From (1),
1
yom a str ))

al Cele cs - 52)

From the table,

The maximum value в: 22-1, (att + V2)
 O 45b
2. Obtain the minimum value ofthe given function by applying the
following steps.

VS XE ха
3X (where x > 0)

| : 1
(1) Lettings =x + үг <Хргс55 у in terms of r.

[Sol] Dividing each term of the RHS of y by x7,

х + 1+ 5
улс,І TO
х +=X

Substituting r = x + into Q).

| t t

(2) Obtain the range of values of /.

[Sol] Since ге x + -

міс mean = Ше geometric mean, (From J) 97b)

fri xA
x

(3) Obtain the minimum valuc of y.

[Sol]
y «145
Since | +5>0.yisan increasing function.

Therefore, y has a minimum value when г = 2.

r= 2)
The minimum value ts: 5 (at
комом: О 46
О 46a Махіта апа Міпіта
Time [о = Dato

|" umm al. и} г

Obtain the maximum and minimum values of the given function by

applying the es Steps,

21V] —6€
|fi х 3 1)
(where — 12
«+ Ма i42
(1) Letting = х V1 — € +2, express y in terms ог.
[Sol] The denominotar of улуг.
Expresang the тиетін от, У] = En termyof г.
From Lam Lick? +2,

Squaring both siles, En

UIP У а р д2
МЕ gin (ЗИ |
Ғ--ы-і
Therefore, у = Елмо

(2) Obtain the range

of values of t;
[501] From (1), =r Vi- ate 20
Жый[ X Via ey (= | = |
Vi-r | Ми.
l 0 when Мр- вый

From thevalle, | stem V2

О 46 b
(3) Obtain the maximum and minimum values of у.

[Sol] From (1).

1:3

Over the range found іп (2).

у =0 when t2 УЗ

From the table,

The maximum valuc is а (atr=2-+ V2)

The minimum value 5 2У3-4. (att V3)

комом" 047
О 47а Махіта апа Мита
Time Чо

1. Given thatx and y are positive real numbers such that д:—2x +4y 0,
obtain the maximum value of the product xy, by applying the following
steps.
(1) Express y in terms of x, and state the domain of x.
[Sol] From ~ 2x + 437 = 0),
Lor ч |
у ОМ ES, 0<у<2
л

(2) Express ху in terms of x.

[Sol] From (1). since v= 3Vir- а.
|

(3) Letting f(x) = xy, obtain the maximum value of f(x).

[Sol]
|
From (2), f(x) = 2
1
ЕЕ У)

го = (МутиИл: ж
2— 250. ee
0
i
a
Мк 037 Ма 1-

Over the domain stated їп (1).

(ls) = 0 wben кг = ; At this value. y > у

Therefore, the maximum value af f(x) M м

eem
4 | : ro
О 47b
: 91
2. Given Ше curve xy = 1, let ң.T )be a fixed рош! оп the curve in the
Я
1“ Quadrant, and let О be а moving point on Ше curve in the 3% Quadrant.
Obtain the coordinates of point Q, at which the length of line segment
РО is ма minimum value.

[Sol] Letting the coordinates of Q be (5.1)

fix) = РО = (x-a (1-1) 41|

Го)т
|
?(х- ‚+(UT
х-а|3 -)
+-1)(-xi || à ра, 1)
жы
|
ааа...
——
—

-26- (14) | | T

: 0| 1)
білсе (а,1)is in the 14 Quadrant, а > 0.
Since o(:.tJisin the 3 Quadrant, x < 0.

f(x) reaches a minimum

when r = ша:
Ма
Therefore, the coordinates of Q are (-
LWy - Уа).
|

iy

=:
13
 комом: О 48
О 48 а Maxima and Minima

І"
т

1, Let rr.ы)be a point оп the curve of the parabola у = = Let O be

the point on the curve which is intersected by the normal line to P.
Complete the following exercises.

(1) Determine the equation of the normal linc, РО.

[Sol] When A has coordinates (0, 0), О does not слем. Therefore, егей
utut E
From А0 >) the slope of the tangent linc to y ~ 2 mf
Therefore,
the equati
of the normal
onлс, РО, сап be схртсхес

үш = 1r=!) + :
т=з
Т
т
ЛР
СР
ЛҒАН
т
(2) Obtain the coordinates of point О.

[Sol] Q has x-coordinatc: саң, — :(1-4) ©

—
ке

This is the solution of the equation (x — их + +2) 9 0.

2
Sinceт Г деи (82)

Therefore, О has coordinates: (-(+ 3 5(- =)) шаш и

(3) Find the minimum value of the length of line segment РО, аз Pmoves
along the curve.

ЛЫ )-5| - (е 25873)
ме,МЕСЕ )
ieP
P105=fü), [40
s g PO?
Letutin i eeiise =
Prom
Iher table;
да IE vi

-
PILLS

1.52 На ша
Л У.
O 48b
2. Let Р(г, s) (where t > 0) be a point on the curve of the parabola
у = 1 — x. Obtain the minimum value of the area of the triangle formed
by the x and y axes and the line tangent to the curve at point Р,

[501] From y = 1 — x".

y =—2у

Point P becomes (г, 1 — 17), and since г > 0,

The equation of the tangent linc can be expressed as:

y= -214(х-1) + | - (б

уж ад + 1 + TO,

Line (1) intersects

the x and у axes at points: (2256) (0,141)

Letting 5 be the area of the triangle,

ЕЕ . (е)
(14-15) =
2 2

S_ ee44oe ———®
(P (f- 1)
г

From the table.

The minimum salue of the area is 222

 KUMON 049

|. Given the parabola y = Зах(1 — x) (where 0 <a < 1) and point

Р(0, 1),
draw two lines from P which are tangent to the parabola and which
intersect the x-axis at points О and R.
(1) Determine the equations of the two lines. га
ISo] From у = Зи (1 ж)
ул 40(717--1)
The general equation of a line tangent at x © гй
у – ис De — tom Aat 0)
yo 4442 — pps + dare
since(D passes through point PO, 1),
|
Чаг- = | and {= =
Ма
Substituting these values into (Т), the equations of the
two lines даст |
тула» Уа)л- |
у = аа - я
уэ Ща Ма
је +1
(2) Obtain the valuc of a al which the area of ДРОК has а minimum value
.
[Sol] From Q lening v = 0,
!
(Q has гониш 1= = тт”, and К has 1-coorüimate к” =~
Ala + Ми)
Therefore, |
On AE. i mee | a при} == !
нь cei

Ча - Va) Че Мар 2Vatl о)

Letting 5| ће the area of РОК,
7 Stm
ЧЕ |
In order to find the minimum value of 8, lettingг+ Ми, wet d tay determum(8
e
maxamum айы: of al] =a cit = Oo fllћете а.
| ЇЇ | zx |
Fusil- = 12014728 |brc
From the аыг
AO VMS мъ
О 49b
2. Given the curve y = e", let A and B be the points on the curve at
x = 0
and x = | respectively. Placing point Р on curve у, somewhere betwe
en
A and B, obtain the maximum valuc of the arca of APAB.

[Sol] Letting the coordinates of Р be (x, с"). and letting Sir) be the area of
АРАВ,

5() -5---5-1-8-10-4)

-24-кже-е) (0<х< 1)

| Alternate Solution for the calculation of Six).

гу
Sir) же
2 (Пек
де (езе)(1-х)
2 |

-24 —rtex-e') (0<х<1) 3

For a review of finding the arca of trapezoids, refer to L 141a.

5(х) = - пе –(е– 1)
When 5'(х) “0, ече- |
Therefore, x = іп(е- 1)

Sir) has a maximum Value

when г = inie- |).

Therefore, the maximum valuc of

the area of ДРАВ же

-2 -e* le- Ilale-1)]

=

a
D1860:
қы
Е20
БЕ.
Mr
trте
=
 KUMON
О 50a Maxima and Minima
Tirno : to

|. In cach exercise, obtain the maximum and minimu

m values of thc given
function.

(l) y*x-cox (054522)

тт
та
тт
(ЗО| v^ | sina = 0

From the table,

The maximum value is 22 |, (at x 2).
The minimum value is -1 (их 0),

(2) ұшу l+x+ М|-4

[Sol] The domain i —1 = |.

Fram thu tality, e

The шиши valuc i 2, (at r= 0),
The minimum үйшеіз V2, (их
= 51)
O 50 b

пи + | + . | Іі»
2. Given the parabola y = 37 |
+43, letting 10 T + 3) be a point on the
curve, extend the line tangent to the curve at P down to the x-axis, and
denote the point of intersection with the x-axis ах О. Then, obtain the
value of tat which the length of line segment РО has a minimum value.
[Sol] The tangent line to the parabola at Р(0,3) does not intersect the x-axis.
Therefore, 1 # 0.
| Mares
From у= уж +3. y жох.
The equation of the tangent line at
point P becomes:

y-(57 *3) i - 0

eyan Наз

ED
This line intersects the x-axism

Therefore.
herefore РО
0». |=; (5 2) + (Е
2-3) 2173
1% )"t at
г „13, СТАЕ
10: 40)

Letting РО" = fir). |

234 034,493.18 2 рл (e+eT (0 + 6) (2 - 3)
2) ae
Ген + qo а

10) =O when r= :

РО reaches both a гебзиме илити үзіне and а minimum value.

Thin, the valuc of: xim the Length of line метет РО has a minimum value is:
Yo
го
комом" О 51
О 51а Applications of Differential Calculus 1
Tirne ' to

Ex, Given that — 1s x = 0. show that the equation АЕ -2-0

has only one rent number solution. |
[Sol] Letting f(x) 2x5 c! 2.
f'(x) = 10х' + 327 = х5(1042%3)>0
When — © < x « x, the graph of f (x) is monotone increasing.
Jimf(x) =[==] and tim f(x) = [es]
Therefore; there із oni one
a real numbeдел
r а to
oft
i:=2
/(-1)-1-1| f <2]
| Since f(-1)< and/(0)> aE et —
: solision inthis2
The given equation: ha“sжү on e re n
al
numbe "
| domain, = сат Е MES рл EU ELLE | ?
a Lore Па дер inim an T т та em лу Стара ты 212 z pu
Е ^i. Pr а Па А м ТН ЫН ete | Tc Пе | ГЕ ,

GOTT-ји + ж- мамигу
I. Given that —1 5:50, show that the equation с! + х = () has only one
real number solution,

[Sol] Letting f (4) — e + x,

f'ix)yse'120

When - * < x *, the graph ol f(x) is monotone increasing

lun f(x) ==> and dimДо = фи
jou

Therefore, there is only one real number solutionto f (x) = 0.

Л1) «е! =I a f(0) |

Sincfe (—1) < 0 and /(0)) > 0,

The given equation has only onc real number solutionin this domam.
 X

O 50b
шү | | ECIAM
2. Given Ше parabola y = сд? + 3, letting 10 Ер + 3)be a point on the
curve, extend the line tangent to the curve at P down to the x-axis, and
denote the point of intersection with the x-axis as О. Then, obtain the
valuc of tat which the length of line segment РО has a minimum value.
[Sot] The tangent line to the parabola at Р(0, 3) does not Intersect the холхих,
Therefore, | # 0. |
17:
From y = г + 3, у "x
Тһе equation of the tangent line at

Уст (е + 3)“і(х-4)

ysis 2693
This lime intersects
the x-axisat
2 ofг. о)
Е] |
Therefore, РО? = |e-( - o) + (5 |
omr е КУШШ УД аа:
Letting РО" = fir).
fit =P +
XE A.26-13-36 (75216 *6)Qr
- 3)
2- поради 2!

ГО) =Owbent= = 2

J reaches botha relative minimum value and a minimum value.

Than. the value of reher the length
of hne segment
РО has àminimum value ін:
“6
шш
комом 051
О 51 а Applications о! Differential Calculus 1

Ех. Given Шас- 15 x 0, show that Ве equation " +х'+2=0

has only one real number solution,
[Sol] Letting f(x) 42x*-- & +2.
f(x) = 10x4 +337 = c(108 + 3) >0
When — © < х < *, the graph of f (x) is monotone incrcasin
lim f(x) = [==] and шт у(х) == + |
Therefore, there is only one real number solutionto
tof(as=0.

у(-1)=[—1]] ло) «2
| Since /(- 10 < 7Jana (0) > [o] |
: oninthis
кошоone realnumbersol
The given equation: has ш ||
domain. а

OOD) = "в + #- шу
|, Given that — 15х50, show that the equation e' х = 0 has only one
real number solution.

[591] Lettingf (6) = et + x,

Гітуже + 1 >0
When -œ< x х (ho graphrol f(x) I5 шопоопе increasing
lim f(x) = — пи Mim. f(e)o m
"I
|
жә
sát Ж

Therefore, there is only. опе real number solutionto /(с) = 0,

| | i
fi-l)=e'- [nme Пор |

Since f (— |) <0 and f (0) > 0,

The given equation has only опе real nember solutionin thes dormar
 О 51 Ь
2. Given that -r — x x, show that the cquation
3x + с052х =0 has
only one real number solution.

[Sol] Letting f(x) = 3x + cos2x.

f'(x) 53-24 25-20

When —® < x< о, the graph /

(х) is monotone increasing.
„таJ(X) = — < and lim f(x) +o
Therefore, there is only one real number solution to Six)
=0,
/(-я)”-3ғ%1, /(т) =3т<+1
Since /(-т) <Oand f(z) 0,
The given equation has only one real number solution in this domai
n.

3, Given that 0<a — 1, show that the equation x —asinx | has only
one real number solution.

[Sol] Letting f(x) = x — asinx — |.

fix)*1-acosx»0 (:0<а<1, [cosx|- l)

When =% < x < æ, thegraph of f (x) is monotone increasing.

hm fx) ж-е aud lim f(x) # denn

Therefore, there is only one real number solution to fix) =

0.
KUMCON' o
О 52а Applications of Differential Calculus 1
Time . to : Dato Marne

1. Given that –2 = x = 2, show that the cquation = = Е=() has two real
number solutions.

| 42-13
[Sol] Letting f(x) = = за

Sade За (та
ДОД -1) С 7
The function is Ба atr],
Піс function is monotone Increasing over each of
the following
intervals: (=, |) and (1. ж)
lim f(x) = => and lim f(x) = ox

Also, lim f Cx) = Фе 7 0 and lim f (x) --ж<)

Therefore, there are two real number solutions to fix)

=0.

f(-2) = - f(2)=1
Since f (—2) < and f (2) >0,
The given equation has TSEES
CERES
a

two real number solutions.

.4о
cmo
эи
de
илы
02-03
Hриш
ж1
ош
O52b

2. Given that = па x = 7, show that the equation x’ +tanx 50 has three

real number solutions.

[Sol] Letting f (x) = х tanx,

f'(x) = Зх? + x 2» ()
COS x
a А
The function is discontinuous at x = =>
. 4 1 = , т

The function is monotonc increasing over cach of the following

intervals: (-2 -3) (-= z) nd (z 23
: PIED Neg ig қанын СЫЗУ,
lim f(x) = — and lim Па) +»

Also, lim /(х) = 0020), | Jim. f(x) = -»<0,

lim f(x) = же > 0 апд lim / (x) s = 0 << ()

Therefore, there are three real number solutions to f (x) = 0,

ГС-т)ғ-т!<0, Дт) +" >0

Since /(-т)<0апд
fir) > 0,
|
n
я
|

The given equation has three | ае ПЕ

real number solutions. | | |
|
!
|
Е
i Е
| Food
| | i
i | |
4 | i

| Де!
1 і |

ce я дот,
 КОМОм
О 53
О 53a Applications of Differential Calculus 1
Time : to

In cach exercise, determine how many real number

solutions the given
equation has.
(1) x* c4 - 88 2-0
[Sol] Letting f(x) = x*-- 4х — Ва? + 2.
(xy) = Ax + 1213 m- lox = уд? + Жж- 4)

= 4r(x — 1)(х + 4)
та"
пут
ee
ae Setting up the variation table.

From the table,

The given cquation has four real number sol
utions.

(2) x°-3y°+1=0
[Sol] Letting f(x) = x* —3x24 |,
| f(x) = 6" – 6x= бх(х*— 1) = 6х(12 + 1) (x — 1)(х
+1)
аш up Ше vanation table,

Fe 3
ME. AMANA
From thetable.
The given equation has four real number solutions.
О 53b

(3) бих=х: | (0<х<е)

[Sol] Letting f(x) = біпх =x,
Heads ЙӘ |
f(x) = “77235557

ТА ЕЗae
Setting up the variation table,

/(МЗ) = 303 — 1) >0

fle) =6-¢<0
Thus, the given equation has two real number solutions.

(4) х = cosx (=т<х< п)

[Sal] ‘Letting f (x) E COS X,

fix)= 1 + яшх

Setting
up the variation table,

ES

||
1
1
комом" | O54
О 54а Applications of Differential Calculus 1
Time : ta" Dato Мате

1. Classify the number of solutions which the

equation х + ах + а = 0 has,
depending on the value of a.
[Sol] Rearranging the original equation,
x +a(x+1)=0 ^. 0)
Since x = — | is not a solution, dividing bot
h sides of (1)бу|х[х +
+1]
|.
5%

Letting f(x) = |
(к) ~#33
За 2 +1) ак +3)
(х+ 1)? (х +1):
Selling арthe vanation table,

From the table. ft x)r 7asрада

(А) In the interval (— |, ©) at onc value of
x.
(B) In the interval (- =, — |),
(а) When. 2 * à *- 0, in the interval ( -
Z^ -3)al one value of г. and

in the interval (-3. - 1)a! one value

of x.

(b) When 2 +а = (0), у= = > Therefore,

at one үзінеof x.

(с) When А та 0. f(x) > 0 for allvalues of жіп this interval.

Therefore, at no value
of х.
From (A) and (B), thc given equation has the following
number of solutions:
27
When
a = -= 7 3 solutions
27 :
Мпа = — д, 2 Solutions
ы
Whena > = =, 1 solution
О 546
2. Classify the number of solutions which the equation x! — Зах + 1 = 0 has,
depending on the value of a.
[Sol] Since x = 0 is not a solution, dividing both sides of the orginal equation
by х,

1!— За + Ше 0
X
Letting f(x)9x'—3a4 г.

2x) -
1 (х) zm :

ЕСЕНЕЙ
Setting up the variation table,

From 1
(A) In the interval (- =, 0) at one value of x,
(B) In the interval (0, +=}:

(a) When = + У2— 3a < 0, іп the interval (о.Я -)at onc value of x,

and
in the interval х >' +») alone value of x.
EAD

(b) When 5 + 92 -Зач0км) 2.Therefore, at one value of x.

| V2
(c) When FE +
де
V2- 3a 0, f (x) > 0 for all values ofx in this interval.

From (A) and (B). the given equation has the following number of solutions:
| /»
When а > v2 3 solutions

2
When a = ==, 2 solutions

| хму
еу |
Whena =, | solution
ы
KUMCON' 055
О 55а Applications of Differential Calculus 1
Time = to : Date Marne

1. Classify the number of solutions which the equation x! — mx + | = 0 has,

depending on the value ofm.

[501] Rearranging the original equation,

+1 -тк=0 su (1)

Since x = 01у not а solution, dividing both sides of (1) by x,

Vx + --m= 10

Letting f(x) = Ма + Е-m,

Эш=
f(x) == TE and х>0

Setting up the variation table,

Therefore, the given equation has the followióg number of sohitions

When т = та:
3N2
2 solutions
меда V рк
| A | |
When т = 3^ Lsolution
Дт,
When m < ar Ооо
O 55b
2. Classify the number of solutions which thc equation е! = mx has,
depending on the value of rn.
[501] Rearranging the original equation,
е та st)
Letting f(x) = ct — mr,
(х)у=е'—т
(А) When m 0, f(x) 20, Therefore, there is no solution.
(В) When m <0, f'(x) > 0. Therefore, f (x) is monotone increasing.
Since lim f(x) = — > and lim f(x) = +,
f (x) has one real number solution.
(C) When m > 0, if x = Inm, then f'(x) = 0.
Sctting up thc variation table,

Determining the relative minimum valuc,

а т) = e*^ — minm = m — minm жт(1-іпт)
| | EET тух
lim /(х)- lim (e' - mx) = lim “(1- mz) = ++се
Бо... тж Ети
# # eau

lim f(x) = lim (e' - mx) = +

(а) When 0 = mce. ат! 0. Therefore. there is
real number solution.
(b) Whenm =r, — f(lnm) «0, Therefore, there В onc (repeated)
real number solution.
(cj When >e, filam) <0, Therefore, (ћете аге two
different real number solutions.

From (A), (В) and (C), the given equation has the following number

When en < 0, | solution

When те, O solutions
When m =r. | (repeated) solution
When m > e, 2 solutions
KUMON’ 056
О 5ба Applications of Differential Calculus 1
Time г о: Date : Мате _

Ex.

[Sol] pone AD = хі 2x + 1,

АС
шинthereisa
a minimum value ого.|

ien x =| се quaity strue. ший

= шеті
phie ai
=
f

ГЭВ)
: :
nic

ка
ар

Е
Дал, = ry. 5
Би:

Тай
қ ,
анта
=.
кз
us ТТүүүлл
DEDE
л

Lx
ДТ
em
БАР: CEDE

а.
m"

и
Пиесата
2.
А iar

wee
EA ГЕ тр
EIE.

P
а ES
ји

ВЫ
irm
=

е
Та

=>
| т m!
| ux “үн Tr vim = Ign m | DE = F

I'i- ӨТТ rer

(1)e'z1*x

[Sol] Letting f(x) =e" — (14 x),

we can prove that f(x) =0 by analyzing the curve of f(x).
Г (х) ве - |

Ат»), there isa minimum value of 0.

Therefore,f (x) =0 е1 +4
When x = 0, Ше equality holds truc.
О 56b
(2) хее]

[501] Letting f(x) = xe' ^ + 1,

we can prove that f(x) 20by analyzing the curve of f(x).

Ах = 0, there is a minimum value of 0.

Therefore, f (x) 2-0 noe єє!
When x = 0, the equality holds true.

(3) xInx - x * 1 20

[Sol] Letting f(x) = xInx — x +1.

we can prove that f(x) <0 by analyzing the curve of f(x).
Ла) = inn

At x =|, there is а minimum value

of 0,
Therefore, f(x) =0 ^ жах—х+]1=0
When x = L the equality holds truc.
KUMCON'
O57
О57:а Applications of Differential Calculus 1
Time: to

Prove the following inequalities and, when applicab

le, state when the
equality holds true.

(1) хе 20 (0:5х:51)

[Sol] Letting f(x) “ле,

(же e*(1— x)

БЕ ЕЗ?

From the table, /(0) = 0.

Therefore. when 07: x x 1, f(x) =0 Lar mi
When x = 0, the equality holds true.
xu] а

[Sol] Letting fix) = 25m |

fia) ан О ЕО
|-

From the table. /(1) = :

Therefore, when x > 0. fix)
a ы += |
 О 57 Б

(3) sinx> =x (0<x<7)

| 2
[Sol] Letting f(x) -зіпх- EI

f(x)
МЕЗ СЕТЕ
2
Э
ег

Letting а Бе the solution of f'(x),

From the table, f(0) = (3) 0,

Therefore, when0— х < =>/(х)>0 sine > T

(4) sinx= xcosx (O=x=7)

[Sol] Letting f(x) = sinx -хсовх,

Г (х) = cosx —cosx + xsin xxinx = 0

From the table, / (0) = 0.

Therefore, when О = кг = m, f(x) 2-0 4 sinx = ксозх
When x = 0, the equality holds
комом" О 58
О 58а Applications of Differential Calculus 1
Тіте 4 to

Prove the following inequalities.

() е>1+х+5 (х>0)
[Sol] Letting /(х)-е"- ( ЕЕ =)

И we show that f*(x) > 0, ме can conclude that f'(x) в

monotone increasing,
If f(0) = 0, and f'(x) >0 we can conclude that f(x) >0.
(ве -1-х
Гі(х)те"-і>0 (-х>0)
Therefore, when х>0, f'(x) is monotone increasing.
Since /(0) =0. f'(x) >0,
Thus. when > 0, /(х) в monotone increasing.
Since /(0) = 0, f(x) 0.
к
А ага

(2) xsinx <2(1—cosx) (о<х=>)

[Sol] Letting f(x) = 2(1 — cosx) — хеш.

f Ux) 9 sins — xcosx
f^(x) = xsine>0

Therefore, when 0 < x 5% f' (x)ismonotone increasing.

білсе/ (0) = 0, and since when 05 x7. fx) в continuous

f'(x) 20
| т |
Thus,
us, when
Whe 0Ох
5 xn= >~, f (хуль
f(x) is monotone
monotone increasing
increasing.
.

Since /(0) = 0, when 0< xа /(х) 20:

л Хип < 2(1 сохт)
 O 58b
oF iy
(33) | ->t22 >5
|
VI (x >2)().

(501)Lettin
|
g f(x) =1—%4 З
317
2
Е 1 |
—
8 У 1-х

4 2V (1 + x)?
3
((х):11---:0424
/ | Ми + F]
Since х > 0 and f^ (x)
> 0, /'(х) is monotone
Since /'(0) -0. Increasing.
f'(x) >0. Therefore,
Since /(0) + 0. when f( X) 15 monotone
x>0, f(x) >>(), increasing.
55,32 Ј
ро ug |+ х
(4) х= Хх
5 snx«x
(x — 0) Cat: Firstshow that si
px < г)
1501 Letting f(x)
= x – sinx, and lett
ing g(x) = sinr- (
x- =)
fix j=] “Созу = ()
Therefore, f (c) is
monotone increasing
Since f (0) = 0. wh .
en X > 0. f(x) 0,
^ SIE ү
on (7)
K(x) сова-1+ 2.
Е (x) = —sinx+
х= f(x) >0 (x20)
Therefore, when x >
0, g'(x) is monotone
Since g'(0) increasing.
= 0, when X — 0, g(r) 0),
Thus, when x > 0.
£c) в monotone In
creasing.
Since #(0) 0. when x — 0, g(x)
20, y 5-25 nx
«s Q)
From (1) and (2), }
< ил:
 КОМО м:
О 59
О 59 а Applications of Differential Calculus 1
Time: to > Dato Мате

Prove the following inequalities.

| X |
NA Ero Ex (x 70)

[Sol] Letting f(x) *In(1 x) - —

1-1
à | | "
t
ды tx (l +x)? (lL +x)

When x > 0, f'(x) > 0. Therefore, f (x) is monotone

Increasing.
since /(0) = 0, when x>0, f(x) 70.

д
г. Intl +x) >: |

(2) 2x-
о €In(I- x)? «2x (x0)
[Sol] Letting f (x) = In(1-* x)? — (2x — 12).
| 2 і “=
ж

f'G)
МӘН
й+у (2—20)
[Э =
[xx
When x 0, f'(x) 70. Therefore, f (x) is monotone increasing.
Since f (0) 0, when x 70, f(x) >0
= r-r
< (| + xy „Ф
Letting g(x) = 2x — In(1-* xy,
2 2x
g(x) =2—
Ізі жх
When x > 0, g'(x) > 0. Therefore, g(x) is monotone increasing.
Since g(0) = 0, when «> 0.g(x) >0
гл t x) «2x ^ (2)
From (1) and С).
2x се] на) «26
О59р

(3) «-1>Vxinx (x>1)

[Sol] Letting f(x) = x | — Vx Јах.

_2Мх- Inx = 2
f'(x)
IN x
Ј"(х)ј Inx
===>) (л> ]
áx Vx
Since x >] and f^ (x) 70, f'(x) is monotone incrcasing.
Since f/'(1) 0, f'(x) > 0. Therefore, f (x) is monotone increasing.
Since
f(1) = 0, when x > 1, f(x) >0,
ПТА Ар
комом
О 60
О 60а Applications of Differential Calculus 1
Тіте : to : Date Marne

|, Classify the number of solutions which the equation

Inx = mx has
depending on the value of m.
|
[Sol] Rearranging the original cquation,
Inx — mcs 0 „1 (1)
Since x — 01% not a solution, dividing both sides of (1)
by x.
Inx
— ms
X

Letting f(x) DIM - т,

From the table.

When ОЕ m< И 2 solutions

| |
| Whe n m 20, т ==, Vsolution
| !
When т> e 0 solutions
О 60b
2. Prove the following inequality.

xing + 1 > 2-х: (x21)

[Sol] Letting f(x) xInx + — 2x +1,

f'(x) = (пх+ 1) +2х—2

= |пх + 2х– 1

f^(x) =~ +2>0
Since x > 1, and f" (x) > 0, f'(x) is monotone increasing.
Since f’(1) = I, f'(x) > 0. Therefore, f(x) 5 monotone increasing.
Since /(1) =0, when х > 1, f(x) >0.
лілті>ж-х
 комом"
О 61
О 61a Applications of Differential Calculus 2
Time === о Date Marne

Given that a function f(x) satisfies the followin

g three
| conditions,
(а) f (x) is continuous over the closed interval (а,
b].
| (b) f(x) has a derivative Л’ (х) over the open
interval (a. b).
(c) f (a) = f(b)
Rolle's | Then, there is at least one value с (wh
ere а<с< b),
Theore m | at which f'(c) =0. =
r M points А amd В have the ume
LEON | y-oonthen
diiae
there willbest 0-0
ime | ШАА (o фе tbere iaa c wch thatf= |

1. In cach exercise, find the value(s) of c which

satisfy the conditions of
Rolle's Theorem for the given function.
(1) Лх ех?) +х-2 (-2:5х:51)
[Sot] (€) = 2a 1

Loe a ET к

Е Жаға (-1:5х:51)
|544) ај“ 317-1
fic = X^ - | „0 -«- 2X3

z) (о=2==)
(3) /(х) = sin(2x+
|
-2o (2s| E)
[Sal] / (х)

ler со 2 , т)a
i

Ч =
+ = Be т
ж 1 3 ж зыла
иа с“ 12

Notation: (а, b] denotes the closed interval where a 45,

(a. b) denotes the open interval where a « x « 5.
O61b
2. Given that f(x) is a fourth degree polynomial equation with real
number coefficients, prove the following conditions when f (x) = 0.

(1) Наал b are different real number solutions, then | (х) =Ohasat
least one solution between a and b.

[Sol] Since f (x) is a fourth degree polynomial,

it ts differentiable for all values of х.

since a and В are different real number solutions,

/ (а) = / (6) #0

From Кое з Theorem,

f'(x) = 0 Наз at least one solution between а and b.

(2) If f(x) has four different real number solutions, then f"(x) = 0 has
three different real number solutions.

[Sol] Letting а, b. c and 4 be the four solutions, (where a < 5 < c — 4).
Ја) = f(b) = (с) = [(4) = 0

From Rolle’s Theorem,

f'(x) = 0 has at least one solution between each of the following:

a and b, band с. cand d

Since f(x) = Ова third degree polynomial,

и cannot have morc than three solutions,

Therefore, f'(x) = 0 has three different real number solutions.

KUMON О 62
О б2а Applications of Differential Calculus 2
Tima : to = Date Мате

Given that a function /(х) satisfies the following Iwo

| conditions,
(а) f(x) is continuous over the closed interval [a. Б].
Mean Value
| (b) f (x) has a derivative f'(x) aver the open interval (a. b).
Theorem
| Then, there is al least one value c (where а-<с-с
b).
at which:
о f(b)
— fla) _

1, Use Rolle's Theorem to prove the Mean Valuc Theo

rem.
=
ви
[Sol] Letting А = да # 62)

show that & = /(с).

Rearranging (), |
fib) — fla) – k(b — a) : 0
. а "ob
се, (2) Аслы еа аа
Replacing a with х пп О), and lax: э1 C, i (beхэнэг
aethe
Letting F(x) = f(b) - f(x) k(b—x), оре00 скок
Hae
From (2),
F(a) = F(b) =
F(x) =| — Уж
From Rolle's Theorem, given the above function Ft x).
there is at least one value c (where a< c < b) at which F*'(c) = 0.
Sine Pio =[ ЛА]
fto
Therefore, there is at least one value c (where а < c « b) at which:

ВЛ),
b—a
 O62b
2. Ineach exercise, find the value of c which satisfies the conditions of the
Mean Value Theorem for the given function.

(1) f(x
= 28+)x 2 (02х=3)

[Sol] f'(x) =
/'(с) =[4e+1]
fb) -fa /09)-/(0) 19+2_
b-a роз

Letting /'(с)=
b-a `
+ 4с+
| =7
.. С i

(2) f(x) «x? х? (15 xz 4)

[Sol] f'(x) = 3€ ~ 2x
(о) 230 — 2с
ЛАБ) fta) /(4)-/0) 48-0
b-a 4-1 10
ий sov f(b)Ó уба)
Letting Ле) sam
3X — 2c = 16
3c — 2c - 16 =0
(te — B)(c +2) #0
E C p cm

3
 KUMON ов
О 63a Applications of Differential Calculus 2
Timo |: а: Сао Мате

1. In cach exercise, find the value of с which satisfies

the conditions of the
Mean Value Theorem for the given function.
(1) /(х) =
[Sol] /(х) = 21
fib) - Да) Feer

(с) =2с
Therefore, b + a = 2с
па ле
2302-7777)

(2) у(х) = д> (а and b are positive.)

_. fib)
= а) к-г
[Sol] пат пр и парна

Л (с) «3c
Therefore, 32 = b! + ab + а:
Thus, from 0 са < c < b.
BET
| 3

|
(3) у(х) = = (a and b have the same sign.)
1!
[Sol] f(b) –fla) 29 4 SRM
b-a | |
ард 3
f'le)

1 1 и
Therefore, nmeMM пасат = ба Х/д
Eg аһ 567 кар
Thus,
cM ab
When 0 — w= b,

Whena<b<0, c= -Vah
 О 63b
2. Given a function /(х) such that ГА) =3 and f'(x) =2
for all values
of x, determine the maximum value of /(5).

(501) Using the Mean Value Theorem over the interval [1,5],

ма ДВ)
– f(a)
LC) pamm
f(b) = f(a) + Г’(с) | (b= a)
/(5) = /(1) + го [4]
=3+4/' (с)
Since f'(x) = 2 for all values of x,
the maximum value of f(5) is 3 + 4:2 = 1].

3. Given a function f (x) such that /(-2) = —1 and f'(x) 57 for all
values of x, determine the maximum valuc of f (— 1).

[Sol] Using the Mcan Value Theorem over the interval [2 mf]

fle) = ДБ) = Ла)

РЕГ ЧО
a

f (b) = Да) + ]'(с)+ (b — a)

fi~ = f(6-2) + (от
m—l- / (с)

Since f^ (x) = 7 for all values of х.

of /(—1) is —1+7=6.
the maximum value
KUMCON' O 64
О 64 а Applications of Differential Calculus 2
Timo . [а

Use the Mean Value Theorem to prove the following inequalities.

(1) When
0 Са — b, D ncm 1
Ь а а
[Sol] Letting f(x) ^ Inx,

fx) 41
ғ | | |

Since f (x) is continuous over the closed interval [a. b] and

f (х) has a derivative f'(x) over the open interval (a, b).
Using the Mean Value Theorem.
There is at least onc value c (where a < c <b). -. (D
at which: f'(c) =| 222202

Since
f(b) - f(a) _inb- [ina
b -а b-a ^"
тә
Letting f'(c) S =
[у LO hag
= Ла)
o |
| м6- ша 5
с 752% - -®
From (1),

[5] a а” i = (3)

Substituting (2 into (3),

1 ат ша 1
b b-a ü
Since b — a — 0,

ра <Inb=Ina< эса
b ü
а ^h b
Аніс]
b а а
О 64 b
| 1295] |
2) When
0 са =, -<--<--
v) № ав а
1
[Sol] Letting f(x)=

Га) x) = -5E
"mau
fle)» 2

Since f(x) is continuous over the closed interval |а, b] and

f(x) hasa derivative f'(x) over the open interval (а, В),
Using the Mean Value Thcorcm,
There is at least one value c (where а < c < b), 23

f (b)— f (a)
at which: f'(c) ROUGE
=

1221
«oc 100) — fla) _ b аa СЕ
Һ-а “Ба.а аһ”

Letting / с)" bea

Tl-
sl-sl
KUMON О 65
О б5а Applications of Differential Calculus 2
Time: е: Date | Namo

Use the Мсап Value Theorem to prove the following inequalities.

(1) When a>0 - -«In(a + 1) -Ina c X

eee а us а
[Sol] Letting f(x) = Inx,

Faxa ==
|
=

(с) =
|=
A

since f (х) is continuous over the closed interval (a, а + i) and

f (x) has a derivative f'(x) over the open interval (a, a + LL

Using the Mean Valuc Theorem,

There is at least onc value c (where a € c Са + 1), _ 0)
ынк. (аПЕ
ED f(a)
at which: f'(c)

Since CED 7f (a); ша 22:22

біпсе (ai ls Ae) ae In(+a1) — ша,

Letting f e = f (a 1) — f(a)
GU EEG
|
2= In(a + I) - Ino
-0

From (1).
до ©
atl са | 5
Substituting (2) into (3).
| | 1
- ша<-a
а+— | < щ(а+1)
О 65b
(2) When0=q<p, н#2, P-ren (р-а)
[Sol] Letting f(x) = x^,
(ај пх
(с) = пе”!

Since f(x) is continuous over the closed interval [q. p] and

f (x) has a derivative f'(x) over the open interval (q, p).
Using the Mean Value Theorem,
There is atleast One хаес сc (where 4<с<р). О

d
со р-а|

Since ДРЕЛИ pq
Р-4 р-4”
1222 „сү E ceДКС,
Letting! (=
PT
пони Ld 5

From (0),

к=п „®
Substituting
@ into 0),
ЕЕ Е:
p T
pt gaat (р ~ qi (^p-—q-0)
комом" О 66
O 66a Applications of Differential Calculus 2
Time. : о:

Obtain the first order derivative of cach of the following functions.

(1) ys жесе
[Sol] у’ = (ue) fen x(e- v)!
eel 27 xe ~

зе (1-3)

(2) y=cos(—2x) + tan(3x2) | - 2 | ze

[Sol] y = -зіп(-2х)(-2х) T ae) 39)" F

+ cost

22sin(-2x) + —
GH

1
47

5, pu „=

x ү
ныг ж. 1

Ери, Г

5 ~ 1
ms T E

з D ЛГ э, e |
= з LI "mms
[ T. EJ fiut rp T
T, = Ма л
"PE Peu EZ
үлл. "Tar чВ e
ксі,
LI с. (17
4
=. ror Pa Ч

Er THREE ERR
a hs, та mi"

та УД 3 "r^g Pas ч r
ұлытm гэ=. Үзе
fur ts
EE
ad РЦ Ет
=т= 5 В л e =” eres 1A
re
аг
c ү,
AEА
тілің
reus.
ын,
е“ | i
ыйа Tr "e 2
S els HuГи i
1 |
кеп
yv i

р TiК LU, e. f
ЕЗ Бала ae ТАГА Lares "
^ n
4
Бе ны
j a

ч =. a
Ма it

үр 2
ШЕ lui
 О 66b
| с! +- е"

yanm
Е

Alternate Solution
(е кете):
,_(е'—е“")-— PTP TEE a кү
[Sol] pm ELLA ALLEE уы ete met L д ec)
(е-е at ' (ec! — 1),

4 Ре
AT ey | те

(5) y=x'logyx

[Sol] у= 82
y= y (x*Inx)

(зол)
1045, x
_ £xGlnx * 1)
In4

(6) у= хм
[Sol] Taking the natural logarithm of both sides,
Iny= —3xInx

Differentiating
both sides with respect to х,

У = —Зјах—3
y
гут-3х "Пах +1)
 KUMCON' O67
О 67а Applications of Differential Calculus 2
Tim : to

In each exercise, obtain the value of d of the given funct

T * в | ау

ion.
= P

Үр
=

(1) (2x 3): = у + x

[Sol] Differentiating both sides with respect [0 t,
gs | dy
4(2x -3) = 2y— + |
d
„Чу 8х-13
dx 2y

(2) cosx
—сову = |

[Sol] Differentiating both sides with respect (0 x,

М
—sinx + (зілу) TS ()

563 нож
"dx siny

(3) In(x
— v) = —2x

[Sol] Differentiating both sides with respect 10 х,

4у Д
d
I= y}

(221)
il
 O67b
A
i
(4)) х----.
221
1+ ]
qe ih
y

dm emer
[Sol im CAES) E-Tr 20 cdi
dt (2-1): (2-1):

dy 302-1) 3-22 3+1)

dt (2-12 (R=

dy
_ dy ET За+1)
de dx 741227
dt

(5) х= a(sint 16051). — у= a(cost — rsinr)

dr | ТЕА :
[Sol] == = (созі - (cost — rsint)] arsinr
dy

a(2sint + 1с081) Бі 2 1
3 4у E ти тит

ai sint | г tani
m dx
KUMON* О 68
O 68a Applications of Differential Calculus 2
Time : to Date Marne

. For the given function, create a variation table indicating where the
curve 15 concave up and concave down, and note the point(s) of
inflection. Then, state the asymptote(s), (if any). and draw the graph.

Eae
Деси X
Йа 22
(500 уатыҳ с КР
RE:
+1)
Y Er
27-4 2(х/-2)
——— Rm
m,

Since lim y= —% and lim y= €,

The asymptote в: x —0
О 68b
2. Find the equations of the tangent line and the normal line
^ в. Търсие теат - | М , n a it

to cach of the
following curves at the given point. Then, graph the curve, the lange
ni
linc and the normal line. :
[уш X S
(1) y = (0, 0)

[Sol] Letting f(x) ==,

e! к
2t3
PEs Ш=
С е
Г'(0) = |
The equation of the tangent line is:
у-0-1(х-0) =
y= x -3- -2
The equation of the no
rmal line is:
y—0s - Цх-0)

f'ix) =

С)
Jp 4 Жи 9
The equation ofthe tangent
line is:
І 1

y 37 9 - 1)

г. =3 ре
y- шъ -2)
The equation of the normal line is:
1
yc 1" AS |!

у 3427: + 28)
КОМОм: O69
О 69a Applications of Differential Calculus 2
Тито : to : Ов — а Name

( exercise, obtain the maximum and minimum values of the

1. In cach
given
function.
|

(1) го) = 22 (=4=х=4)

| 3(«-4)
ЗІ ДІНДЕ едва,
зе ДО (x7 +4)?
Ї (а) = 0 when с> +2

From the table,

The maximum value is 5, (al x 2),

3
The minimum value is теті (al x = —2).

(2) f(x) = 71 (1=х52е')

501 f(x)
se ы г"
"

Ук} *0whenx =e

3551) 42:
Піс maximum valuc is a [ab € 9 e),
The minimum value із 0, (at = |).
О 69 b
2. Given that x and y are positive real numbers such that x? — 3x + y? = 0,
obtain the maximum value of the product x y. |
[Sol] From x* — 3x + y^ = 0,
у= Viàx-x/ (0<х<3) 2301)

From (Т). since у= V3x — xc,

ху = xV3x — x! E

Letting f(x) = xV3x — x^,

f' x) а саке?)
2У3х- хі 2У3х- x?

Over the domain

0 — x < 3,

/'(х) = О when х=. At this value, у = 20

Therefore, the maximum value

of xy is
I6_
комом O70
О 70а Applications of Differential Calculus 2
Туле to

1. Classify the number of solutions which the equation 21^

— mx + 3 = 0 has,
depending on the value of т.

[Sol] Rearranging thc original equation,

24: + 3— mx = {) _ Q)

Since x = 0 is not a solution, dividing both sides of @ Бу х.

3
2114 = тз 0

3
Letting f(x) е 2д + pom,
5) 2-3
Fix)‘(x) =- = -

Therefore, the given equation has the following number of solutions:

Whenт < -2V6. т > 2\6, 2 solutions

When m= = 26. I solution
When —2V6<m< 26: 0 solutions
 O70b
|
2. Given the function f| (x) = ез
i
find the value ofcwhich satisfies the
conditions of the Mean Value Theorem for the function
.
(а and b are positive.)
| |
| /0)-/(а) P m arb
[Sol] b—a b-a ab.
у") = -5.
С

о не Eb
Шоп әл ccm С

3, Given a function f (x) such that (| -i)= —3 and f'(x) = 1 for all
values of x, determine the maximum valueof f (0).

[Sol] Using theMean Value Theorem over the interval |

-5 о]
quy L fUа- Га)
Pile)
E
f (b) = f(a) + f'ic) (b— a)
110) ( 5) кс) 5

Since f(x) 3 | for all values of x.

ihe тахитшп
value of f(01 is —3 5 == -3
 KUMON' 071
О71а Indefinite Integrals 1

F(x) is an antidenvative of f(x) if F'(x) = f(x).

All antiderivatives are called the Jndefinite Integral of f(x),
Therefore, the Indefinite Integral of f (x) ts F(x), and this can be expressed as:

[reas = F(x) + С (where C ixthe constant of integration)

|Complete and check your answers. : |

cave that F(x) =3x°+ 2x? ...@ is an antiderivative of a function f(x). |
|
| that [fends = Е(х) + С.

|[Sol] Differentiating F(x) with respect 10 x. |

| Ех) = | 1817 *6c || бике Fe) ал anthdertratrer ofа i
/(х)е | 186 | те | OL 97131 PCa = fin (ар.
бакта (ай, :
Therefore,
| |леоах = i iy) + бл: 1! | 3 эү! Іс |
:
1
|

SU At 79 «аяга
"9 aut 19», эжиу.
|. Evaluate cach of the following derivatives.

(2x) + x*)' = бу: Ax! (4) (іп |х|)! = :

(1)

2
ENG Ма (5) (еу- е
Зо
а) GV»)
| ам
Ө) (е; E v) (2) па
2. Using the results of exercise 1., ап letting C be the constant of integration,
evaluate cach of the following indefinite integrals.

(1) fex + 4х)Их 2x'*a** € (4) |2 = |пілі“С

(2) ј-> dx = Wr + С (5) [с'ах= е* +С

(3) [eas = AU UE ЖС (пж —I) (6) [ean Ert С Ив ds 0

d:
 O71b

| [ras ED
| |

C (
ј | | Е

4-1),
74 |

f
dx |

Injx| +С
Р Ч Ри = Я е " j ій; шн Чеча али! ЕЛ | г Р |

Formulas

| | хаг + С. farax= ec (а>0,а#1)

3. In cach exercise, evaluate the given integral, and then check your answer
through differentiation,

(1) [Vias " [а = ae +C= ко + С

Checking the answer, Е Vx + с)га (2и+ с) аі m y

(2) |2 - |а -2х!+С« ее
дух

даи 2 ү = (— 2х1
|
Checking the answer, (-4 + с) +C) ay! ===l
* x Vx

8) |везак- onc
Checking the answer. E 2) «e| = (x +2)¢

а) [exo lec
g answer,
Checkinthe jc * с) m ela
(

(5) 3 4‹- 24| +C

((5)
0)
n3
 KUMCON' 072
O 72a Indefinite Integrals 1

1. Evaluate each of the following indefinite integrals.

| ? 2 e
(1) ETE (х -3/ +С = 3(%- 3Vx-34C

2 мы | dx |
= =(к 1
(2) Im 5 (x ++ 2)|72 + С lt eMEETS|

(3) |x —3)*dx= ДЫ; -3) +C

| | dx |
-- mro 7 1.

(5) ferax- -е “+ С

(6) р =} ах 2522
=> +С

(7) јр = 2 [а— 417 dx

y-

23(x—4) + С
23V (x-4)+С
 O 72b
2. Evaluate cach ofthe following derivatives,

(1) (еее) m ett)

! у 1
(2) | 2 11] 2x1) 12

(3) ЕС + 2) = (3x + 2)!

4| за ту |ес FET
аси
(6) (255) =

3. Using the results of exercise 2., and letting C be the constant of

integration, evaluate each of the following indefinite integrals,

језах = ено +С
(1)

ү јахао 2 525-550122x| +С
v) | эм

G) [вк+змк= Laser

(4) Е "ах С |

| Given that f(x) = F'(x), |

Formula | |бас ах = (ах) +С (а#0) |
| z
'

4
 Evaluate cach of the following indefinite integrals.

0 аЭ
(1) [== ах | Тараг 2)Ja

=х-2в}+° +С

(2) | е (+ 1-21),
Жж

z2xl-3x!—-Inxk С
= 2V/x +3\/ х—1пх +С

o| |
(x4 1) ax

ay › Не
(4) [e 21 dx = |
| Oc
к ]
2 (5-5-4-4 |
пн а үд? |
В 6 21
хо ва":
 O 73b ~
[х: + 5x + 12
(5) ЕС = |е + 5%! + От "ах

2, 10
5
Se Ue rp

x Vx
(6) | Wx dx = [e ках
За
SO ues eu
мах Hox + С

3 Ve 6 a
-2Х P+ кк +С

(7) катари (o2 Das

= pr + дк их С

(8) | Уа»
жж) r= fE
уез ME,

jene ах |

хї +23! +31+21+0

псе ак + 3 +2\/ + С

же
zi.
=У
 комом" O74

Evaluate each of the following indefinite integrals.

(1) Е - Ух, = Іш - har

Vx
2217903770
аа «е + С

= М-Н + с
ЕСІК |
(2) lata
—— ~ = |с
$ - Ax) та “ах

ес
-4(3—4x) 43-400 7

| ах | |
(3) Бал 31012 — Зе] +С

| с: +
(4) (==) dx = -31("+
2 +e da

1/1 E
шеи )+с

- сез+ х-ке" +С

e-l (с*—1)([с'+1])
(5) erica | |
= (е + Dux

“е ++ С
 О 74b

dx

O КЕ =
| | =
ү —х!|йх

112 >:
жыды.
Ез =| = | с
БЭЭ +

| ш
= (x *2Vxe2 – Ма С

| [б ды | a(Vx*1-1)
2 verat утый тп“
= [М е*|1)ах
/x

- 0+ )Мх + 1 -х+ С

2 ee ee
Ы; V2-UE - ТА

ПЕЕ
20-30-20
102037 за-4 x) + С«c
 KUM CIN" 075
O 75a Indefinite Integrals 1

(регі,
2
ЈЕ | х—1
zi \
(+; јаз

(2) о" (- | ја
| (х+1)(х+2) сз! =:
"их | Шен 2 + С

[ul цал!
42 Ee
:

» [n f = inj — || = Inix И с

ЕЕЕ
r*l |
 О 75b

(4) jar dx= f(x«3e yes

ІН»
ех |
+ З + 4 10] х – |+С

|
(5) (= = -24ү2
Jar- | : 236 та de

ын 1 (
| | е di
2х
1 -“) С
;е +

4 1
- бе“: 5х 16° C

у а (
i ихe
ө |Qx*1 )x-1)
"ifii пат)
ТА А.
|
ток
lii при [ |21
-1- ne 1] | imate]

= ia £2) - 4(x +2) + С

5 |
= 1 +2)Мх+ -4Ух+? rcf- Sx дух +с|
комом" O 76
O 76a Indefinite Integrals 1

1. Evaluate cach of the following derivatives.

(1) (sinx)'= cosx

(2) (собх)' = -sinx
(3) (tanx) =
соз X
1

opum. IN
an х
= eory
lan" x
ur
Ад
|

2. Using Ше results of exercise 1., and letting С be the constant of

integration, evaluate cach of the following indefinite integrals.

(1) [sinzas = —cosrtC

(2) |созхах = пу + С 2

3i ах x
(3) La. = lanx + C

(5) (шаа = (=) = l- (i) м

= {алас

(6) 1) aet)
=G
tanx
 O76b

Т С; vd
[cos x ды sin x C
xdx
[sin = (ЧУК
Formulas
| dx dx |
COS Yr | УП“, ЕНЕ

3. Evaluate cach of the following indefinite integrals,

(1) 2хахт
[sin = 56052 + С

(2) (в Зхах = 5sin3r-C

(3) |cos x(2 — tanx)dx= [coss = sin x)dx

= 2sinx *cosx + C

(4)
сох _ [L-simx
|1224 ат

|(1% sin x)(] — sinx)

| | + sine

= |(1- sin xix

= y+ cosx
+С

m іх ( il бо y
(5) | nr dx ap, Мпх јах

к= == --- + созхС
ianx
KUMCON' O77
О 77а Indefinite Integrals 1
Time ор ю

1. Fill in the blank boxes to review theЕ DOW formulas.

sin 20 = 2(sin 0) Геке)
| cos20 = соз0- siro |= 2cos? 8 - |1|= ! -2| гө)

| sinacosg=-зи(а
+) + sin(—[a
5]
соза
sin B = [п (а +В) — sin(a –В)

cosacosf = >(сова + В) + |cos Ка— В)]

sin asin f = = гісох(а + В) |- cos(a — 8)]

2. Using the above formulas, cvaluate each of the following |indefinite

integrals.

(1) [sinis = |RT

СІ Ше 228
да = ín 2x FC

(2) | ухах» |!”сана

= 21 + 45іп2х “Сс

(3) sinXxCos хх = ;|sin

2xdx

ж = cosС
 O77b

(4) |(sinx + cos x)! dx = |бас + 2sinxcos x + cosx?

)dx

- [a+ sin2x)dx

1
= х — 2 SOS 2x + С

(5) |sin3xcosxdy =! [бах ып2т)й4х

ex
(ох 4х — „соз?c)+C
ЕД
|
ыг
|~)
=

"=о 60542 аа + С
25052

(6) |sin3xsin2xdx E -5 сз х— cos x)dx

о е
7 gn x — sing |+

= Бизе дарт ЕС
1g рга ы oo

(7) |cos2xcos3xdx та -|(cosse + cos

x )dx

(sinsX * ипх
= 5\2 si )+<
|з

із “asin51 + ;sina*C
комом: 078
О 78a Indefinite Integrals 1
Time - ю

Evaluate cach of the following indefinite integrals.

(1) |costSax = | ома

“532
Э
dx
а
| tt n +С

@ |вала
+coss)dx =(баз во јаг
m - cosx — сокол “С

тіз
р:
ur:
LE
J
БН
44
um
=:bn
4pss
ors
1

aтвү'1 iчуУ
ТЕ чан
=
tgs
oratea2 оо
MNTUE
xEL ды.
Г.
“=
d1 14
міз,
ӨЗГЕ
ад
rT,
Ты
И Ї
Чт”
+
Ik
ЁЗарга
213
“+

(ра
nt
ый
.ex1 e4
==
a
= ==
=
LM
=
TÉ
ДІ
Ts
pru
Жегі.
pИНА
eа
 O 78b
: ТЕТЕ x\* | X XIX r`
(4)
4 (чп—in +
+ соз
соз-z)dx = ||
(6% ИНТ АУШЫ ete ди cos
5 +2915 ee um + COS қалаға
Э2

= |1+ sin xx

zr-cosr-C

V |
(5) | ва +: 1 )ах- |(cantx +2 + – К Ja:

ШЕМЕН)!
tàn x ап“ x

сока 270 sin"x

I

cos2e |, [cos x— sin?x

(6) TSN Ж
] sin x— cosx
[mnn ү
si x — COSX
ji |(cosx— sin x) (cos x + sin x)
ал
sin x —cosx
= = [cos + sin хх

= — (si y- созт) + С
= созд
— г +С
 KUMCON' O 79
O 79a Indefinite Integrals 1
Time - to

Evaluate cach of the following indefinite integrals.

| |
(1) |sin’ тір ЕТ - sin 3r)dx (Hint: «3 = Jun x — 43!x)

-1(-
эе I СОЗ : X + Тын»
4| 3 усох3х) ес
|

3 |
ш - 2905 + то 0531 + С

1 |.
(2) |cos*xax= | (3cos x + cos Зл) 4х

С 4 „з М] Te
551 in 3 )+с
3709 ДЕ LR

3
= sine + маза + С

те
(3) ES хах = Вази

-i fa-
= 2(0821 + co2sMx

а — 2006 2 + ез
ee
|Е a
ы,

-Чв-—4cos2x+ cos Феја

- (os—2sin2rx + qus) же

M | 1
=
x 1и sin 2x + 35
==>. sin dx AC
+С
хо
Sa
лгі
ААА
И
О 79b

(4)
m
ЕТЕ dx
| sin"x cos^x
(салы -
(sin x cos x)

| (ae
пое

= д |-
dx-
Б

ви „+
1
ini dA: ни
1 ГЕ

( ШЕ
== 2| | ТЕЗІ.ад х-1 са -
tan 2д с |- lanx c|

(6) |V3 sinx + cosx)?dx = [=+ 2V3sinxcosx + соб в) Их

ж |»
j LL ын + V3sin2x+шил
Ы 2

= |е= cos2x + V3oxin2x)dx

terim 21.а2:- con2s+ C

Hr
|» мах -cosx) dx | га: + я) ден |даи

= 21 — sin(2x + АTC
Evaluate cach of the following indefinite integrals.

(Vx +2)? | (Ме Ма +8,

( ) Vs е Ұ

=F 8
= |х+6Мх+ [2+ S27
( Vx
241
-x^ dx! + 12
+ 164: “С
-

da Зак V/x 12 + бух» с

р)

ay (Ее (Феј ле)

e == | permease
за |в= eid

Siчаң 0

2x—] ( 2:5
ә Jat (еее
"-r-—2: +5Inj2RA+11+С_

== №2 + 1] + С

Шееле dx fe
0, 7 Рата

- (у +2) + ir +С
 О 80b

(
| рее
| + cos x
— (Sey
1
cos. +сома јал
= lane + амх + С

(6) |а— cos

x)? dx = fa- 2cosx + cos? x)dx

~ (1со Urt Jae

- |(5- сок + у<ох2х
= их

3 |
ic -2sinx + 1sin2r + C

(7) |sin 3x cos 6xdx = д

| (sin9x — sin3x)dx

E
21
|
conor
А
1 соз3к) + с

жы оры Да ЗЕ + С
18 в“
 KUMCON' O81
О 81 а Indefinite Integrals 2
Time - 10 ЧЕ. Date Мате

Evaluate the following indefinite integral.

[es-5рах
[Sol] Letting ¢ 2x — 5. (о
Solving (D for x. хе 2 4.8)
Differentiating@ with respect to г,
dr ìl
d 2
Solving for dr, а-Їа Фф | 4
Using Ф and) we can
expresihe givenintegralin
termsof r:
|ех-зүах- 2-2=—+C | |
Expressing this value in terms of he өсіремқ изађе x |
| је--Pir = -
“Зэс. и
The method shown in the ders PERO is called [EE byСЕРЫ

Evaluate cach of the following indefinite integrals ne the

substitution. grals by applying the method of

(1) E + 2)34х
[Sol] Letiing -Me + 2, 0
қ | (2
ош (1) for х, =. 48)
Differentiating CD with respeet to 1.
e at
йг Л
| ng
Solvi for Ах, 4хз= dr 4%
Usin
(1) and
gО). we сан сарғста the given integral из term of /-
сана [v
|„+ ду
t |
jp ad axt “С
[pressing this varne bii terme od the снра) variable a
 О 81b
dx
(2) 3х-1

[Sol] Lettingг = 3x— 1,

+1 |
JA ==
37 48 dx = dt

2 | L5]
Th crefore
1 f + [as
<<< ГИ ЕТ |: zd!ГИ.
| == = ==

- iini] + С

= + с

(3) ]x(3x* 2)'dx

[Sol] Lettingг= 3x +2,

па R |
X 3 * мж dr — 34!

ео. 152 11-2. |

Therefore, rox 2) dz = ЕЕЕ”

м At = 2 )de
1 1
457 ate

TE..
4613292)
= --. - ғ ' F, (5 |
га За +2)
ыыы, | я 4 1 | 14 я
+ С
|

c|
2)'(6x 2114
[-90 (35 +
 KUMON'
О 82
О82а Indefinite Integrals 2
Tene -= уба Dato Name

Evaluate cach of the following indefinite integrals by аро |

substitution, ET y applying Ше method of

(1) [ce needs

g + 1,
t = x’
[Sol] Lettin
ШЕГЕНІ
| ах
| 3x [dx = di

(2) |+14
[Sol] Letting = x*4 1,

2
nl x ifi

| Ux o 2 di

Lj —
Ч:uds —
1-1
idh am
ARP
|с | 244

іп! + €

= (ке + 1) + С
 "шы ла re ee Ley
= "— 1 ер = И

ің
уе
||
+
та та
Д1
#
...

pt

ratte xx Nm
Tu" Ін p

JUN -m pře]
| | 4 | i ж- я Ч $3 - | !та
4
T А, А те | ғ :
комом:
О 83
О вЗа Indefinite Integrals 2

Evaluate cach ofthe following indefinite inte 15 А ди 5

substitution. Е Ara бу applying the method of

(1) (т
[ sелу

[Sol] Letting r= x — 1,

20-061] | ПРЕЦИ

а пе he 2-17
1
х +.
| үс
з
%) Jte
3xg–1, ‚=!
[Sol] Letttin
b.
de]v. therefore,а dx а
п
“a

а)
(x= 1974: (с Ю +
| о ti=
М>=|не
% [3ь £s
һе):
чин
тық
Low
A

ча
i=
же
чш!
==

e| + j
g і
1+=
= A
 О 83 b

(3) | 2х-14х

[501] Lettingt 2x —1, x= та

ЧЕ
|
» НЫ
>" therefore, их = 5“

^ Б 2x— Idx = | Vi- -di

= |
(Угж Мда
WE ә
dive]
эг ы
(10420) М +c
Те

--
=
-—
<= (З 5) + С

= (2x— 3x4 D V2x- 14€

3x-1
(4 |TX
Мох + |

[501] Lettings@= x41, кег- 1

=.=], therefore, dx = di

| Зх =] 3(1-1)-1
- tct ДЕДЕ sn |!
Wat]
| Vt dt
(3 4
| |T 5)
= |за аа
m 20 !+6С

«210 -4) +С
= 2(х + 1) (2 +1)—4]+С
з2(5-3)/Ух4140С

|
KUMON O 84
О 84 а Indefinite Integrals 2

teeach of the following indefinite integra

Evaluaution, ls by applvine the meti
substit cgrals by applying the method of

(1) |Мата.
Е.
х?

[Sol] Letting? Мх+2. rar?

dx
PE 2t, therefore, dx = Май
7$
T
ада шингэж, d am] |
(2-2): r

Ма +2 ) 7
|

CA
|

[к
| ОМАЊИ ^_^
[Sol] Letting
t МЕ], cmri]
dx
dr 21, therefore, dx 9 ай

NES{' DV r+ |

: рeszm
2 eme

-xg- U=] EC
i-a сб C
„197-40
О 84 Б

(3) ја+2х) М1+ 2x dx

ym — |
[Sol] Letting t = \/ 1+ 2х
im

dx
77 =f, therefore, dx = rdi

11 [a+20Vvi -2xdx = 7

= Іш + 212)и

14.254
| <! zr TC

=z + 2) V1 +2х + за + 2) МЕ+2х + С
1 |
= (0 + 2х) (13 + 6х) V1 + 2х + C

(4) fær TE dx

[Sol] Letting = 1 + x7,

dt | |
dr 2, therefore, Zxdx = dt

a [c ХЈУ | + Ах " (ие ИМЕ + x? dx

= le: Lo
2
{|
=“ =› ||На
ilt

5 с

= 0 УМ E +С
KUMÕON O 85
О85а Indefinite Integrals 2
Пте : to Date Е Marne

Evaluate cach of the following indefinite integrals by applving the method of

substitution.

| me
D [тё
[Sol] Letting = e", |e*]dx = dt

= Init
+ + С
1 п(е" + 1) + С

dx
o ==
[Sol] Leting: =e", е dx =a

|.dx | с! 4
5| 27 Я

ра
ДЕСІ
11:12:21
Зе ет)
г
|
—1|- ај + [+С

= 5linje | ще «с
Е
d
| 5 In ek
[erc |
есі
О 8560

(3) |"Ха.

Sol] Letting г = Inx. dx x dt

D | ак |
tdi
X

“0 +C
*

ву р(пх) + C

dx
© xinx
|

r= inx, ах= di
[50] Letting
[а | ||]
e xInx
ш |мекте
јах x

= [ta
4

= Шах! + C
ЖЫ (sine ау
6) |x(1+ ks

[Sol] Lettingг= Гах, Lx di

is IET
Inx de»Їйл
21^

- [(п- ја
=t- + || + С
= рл —Inilnx
+ 1! + C
KUMCON' O 86
О 8ба Indefinite Integrals 2
Teng 2000 Dato 2 Мате

| (masa es) п

Evaluate cach of the following indefinite integrals by applying the method of

substitution.

Ex. ІшеXcos xdx

[Sol] Letting (яах, ...@)

с
D + X WT 726 (РЕЧ урхзryo
оо aray
(1) fcos’xsinхаз

[Sol] Lettings = Cosx, ааа абу

Е (со, unda = |еш - = («Co - enti “С

(2) (а+ созх + cos? x)?sinxdx |

(Sol) Letting / corr, ——sinxdr 4!

2 ја “соза * cov а sinada = = ju + + пеш

~~ ja tM e Гай

fon +10), C
1
7%oMх = Cin"ка к — соғ =“ок + С
Үс
О 86b

(3) чта

[501] |sin’xax = |„зи? ]-sinxdx

м fa- |соғ |)sinxdx

LettingЕ = cosx, dx = di

2. [ча?хах = |[a =#)1(-1)4с

| -|е-ша

„ис
Ы соя’х -cosx + С

(4) |sin’xa

[Sot] |sin’xa = |sin‘x‘sin хах

па |1 — cos?
х)?зіп хах

Letting: costr, —sinxdx= dt

ЗА [sin'sas~ (а= £7)?

(— а

= — ја-2/
+t*)dt

= -1+ iD- си+C

m -;costx + =cosx —€Cosx + С

КОКАИН
Evaluate cach of the following indefinite integrals by applying the method of
substitution. |

(1) Доха, (Пас Lettcosx)

[Sol] Letting t= cosx, -—sinxdx = dt

Ч |апхаг == Т
COSY

1 i.
я |н -1) 4

--Ї
!
= — ај |+ С
= —|nicosx| + С

(2) [eras
біп”
E >
а 1 :

[Sol] Letting t sinx. cosxdx а

‚ [sosx , _ [U —5sin'x)coss |.
я (ea | | шз:

МинFEN
1-1.
г gr
a
uns
bn
O87b

(3) fran?xdx

[Sol] Letting: = cosx, ~sinxdx = а!

в % + Г

| sin’ x (1 — cos" x) sinx

е” |һазах- (ха dx = | emnt dx
| COS X
(2-1 ШІ
| 73 к

1
= Inir|* 55
2 РС =Injcosx| *; —;-*€
costr
Alternate Solution

Sol fran
[Sol] (патакхіх == |бал (алы).
x) Чапхах (68
|conr |)
j*tan хах

[unx , _ 2)
|0 шала

Lettingt = tan x. cog; ^f di

47 |
(ап хак = | dx — |
(апхах = [ш- |
tan хх

(а па
-5-(- Ш|созх) +C = — + In|cosx| + C

(4) је+ cosx)sin’ xdx

[501] Letting г = cosx. —sinxdx = di

Ж је+ cos x) sim ді = |(2 + соѕ
к) (1 — cos x) sinxdx

(20-22)
-11 4t

oe
ms 2 1
= га: 2! +С

- ‘cost + ‘con's = „сох -2созх + С

 KUMCON' Ова
О88а indefinite Integrals 2

Evaluate each of the following indefinite integrals by applying the method of

substitution.

| Зіл |
ау а
| Alternate Solution
[Sol] ейи! = corn, малый
ins

та “Сол а ипо а = |злог | “із

ағ зал, тест ЩЕ | сок х CUM"I

Ы |tanсе (toned 4х
[сАРЛ:

“Їл
1 |
"т genr “С

"Ке D |"с |
= i

1 !
“С
"doms Powe
(2) |cos*ssint xx

[Sol] Lettings mame, cosaudx 4)

с 222 + Іш #1| — масоли х

ит
[ia - e put

fe- ("ја
| =A Да
Lu

=
а
imma ЕСІ ЕС
ul

pole mrs
rt € Дена
и AN
лc
ILE
L
zlњи
Lac
==
4-1!
TUNI пача!
 iff 1 |
Дет па)

" :(Inr— 1|—Inir* 1) eC

> unicos үс
ВИ — 1] —Мох 1) +С - гн совх
+eue = | есі|
85-11,
| dx
(4) COS X
~ | [оок
(sot f.
55. Га

ae
-je

е sing,
Letting « ut
соблак
4 12:12di
osx ]l-£
- |
8-1
dd P |
-s 9
= 1(аи + 1] — - 10 + С

~ $(ајмах + | Iniinx = 1) + С аста 4

 Evaluate each of the following indefinite integrals.

(1) Гэ зах х (Min

Let(1
t:яах)

[Sol] Letting r=1+sine. cosxdx = dt

sl
| COS x |
— | у ти |—
| в sin B
= Injr|
+С
*In(lI- snxbc

1+ совх ,
(2) Sra

[Sol] Lettings=x+sinx, (1 + cosx)dx dt

== In| +С
= иа + sing) + С
O89b

(3) || — Eчпх
| ах | | |
[S01] | —sinx == |6-simx) ERES

Letting Се C, + С,
dx —— | 2011 D

f Dm] + | Ян

| сх пи
(4) f Хонх

СОР лыг cos x(] — cosx)

dx
[Sol] |Б. latent
1) Ї эсэн
1 —соз?х |
(ea0 ШЕ.
шанг

va (= e * ах
sin'x sin'x
| |
a -----4---- + С
чих її
 Evaluate cach of the following indefinite integrals.

(1) [в -2у4х

[Sol] Letting r -3p-2 сүз

ТЕ 7 ar rcforc, dx= df

н [iosa 2) Му = |z dit

- акс

о
«яр
|
aa.

|| 8-1
| [л к=.
RUE
eee
SE

: x] PITE
(21:41 Эн
zu

dee |

2 =рыыи
| ^

=! а ще
 O 90b
ПЕЛЕ
(3) — Е
V/cos
[Sol] Letting/= cos x. тап xdx = ff
s| in - (5 - Ddпаr
I esse

= —2/! + С

= —2\/' созу
+С

ду [mnr
(4) || — sinx d

TE LL.= sinx(1 + sin)

о] | 2:
ee
retain
- 0
зіп) (1 тете үшы
a

sine sin^x
en ~
| — ама Их

- эe
m эt
н|ta
= lыgs dr
Fm ы,

- |ш
rтtu 2---1)
ки. tai=y
соз
nt+C
 091

From Level L, since |/ (x)g(x)] = f'Gog(x) + f(x)g'(x).

Integrating the КН5, |

(х) (х) |/(х)е'(х)4х = /\х)к(х)

Therefore,

"This rule of integration is called Integration by Parts.

Evaluate each of the following indefinite integrals by using the

Integration rule of
by Parts, | |

(1) |xcosxdx
O91b

(2) |хсоѕЗхах = АЕ dx
| sin 3x
m -r«sn3r- | === «dx
3 | 3
МЕЛІ 1
джип 3х + 5 cos3x G

(3) [хеАх = [sce ax

= Хе! — |
c'dx

= Ye! 0С

[=е'(х—1) +С]

хеP= s -C

-164(к-1) 6)
2119 ш
||(т — І
(5) |е |)? Ах =

ЫНS Ur (у= |)-zl

5) нах

dosPd 1)
s c
aepl ју +C

ка FIL ЕВС
KUMCON' 092
О 92а indefinite Integrals 3
Tirmo : to Date Name

Evaluate cach of the following indefinite integrals by using the rule of |

Integration by Parts. |

(2) ахах = | ха

= Inx- (Ге

arne-+ С

(3) (шах + 1)4х = [crines + dx

РА СЕ
= rIn(2x * 1) - |52 гох

! | ba
= cln(2x +1)- |! E

= дп(2х + 1) -х + stn(2 + [+ С |

= 5(2s+ Din(2x*1) -x +С |
 O 92b

(4) |=sin хах = [= созх)'йх

2(-совх) = fax- COs x )d'x

= —r'cosx- 2 |x(sin x)'ds

= = у: сок + 2(xsinx - нөхөх

= —Y'cosx + 2xsinx + 2cosx + C

(5) |
хісов хх = |(вилу а;

= x"sinx - [2хчалхах

x(cos x)'dx
= кипх +2 |

= singt? (еня - feos2

= "мах + 2xcosx—2sinx +С

(6) || — de = («азу

= ring- |{апхах

-Cosr)^
= rlanx— | савх,
сө -
= lane + Inj совх| + С
 "Ж

Evaluate cach of the following indefinite integrals by using the rule of

әй
ы
"r3
ив
E
Integration by Parts.
|
44

(1) |х ахах = (=) In хак

ГЕ
| = сте - :(как
| |
5х их ел. + С
| 25
1
|
i (2) |log, хіх=|[о] а
l:

=) (reris
-" (а x fax)
In a |

os
= В АНЕ х) + С
Ina

адүргүй
:ТҮҮЛ
Ү[ч
ТИР,
eНa"ОЧ
AE
БҮЛГТ
Наз—IRE
ат
раге
та
АШ
НЕН СEI.
a
кр...
АТ ан
н
мүнет
нарлы
а
СО
үн
ре
Eee
аЫРҒАСҚ за
CENTS
Bate
TE
ты
а
5%
5 -"177

(3) |бөх» dx = |су пху ах

TEE
санға
=x(Inx)?-—2 |мах: ds
ee
eet
221
mu

аш
у
кү
ic
= r(Inx)?— 2 [алах
ESSE!
де|.
=en

саки -2 |(хл хах

= (ах) -2(xmx- fax)
= (их) - 2xinx + 2х+C

er
и
аИДЕИ
ра-а
ал.
аЛара
 О 93b

(4) [Va nuar- |2 ШІ?

а
ш—

а
|

ds

2 |
= У | Е| нас

aimul
~
= 1Inx — m xb 4 С
mi
2 A 2
Ted
Фа
= ух хх - AE + С

9 асах=(кезд,
= ке! - Іше‘dr

жхе!-2 [stes
mee! -2( е)

же re! = хе: + 2," *

C
[ e ef ( ez -2х
+ 2) + СІ

(6) [eedx» fe(e*)'dx

“ге- foveas
-пе!-3 |ссуак
“ге - (re = лена)
= ке" – 3ае:+ 6 |кечуа

же! — Зе + (:е- Je)

* pe! – Зе + бхе"— бе'

+С
| е а? - 38 + 61 6) +C]
комом" 094
О 94а indefinite Integrals 3
Timo I НО

Evaluate each of the following indefinite integrals by using the rule of

Integration by Parts,

|“sin хах = (ез зіп хіх

*e'sinx— |e‘ cosxdx

че sinx -(e'созх + fe:sinzdx) i

= е" мах–е"совх— је" залах |

(1) Jercosxds = іесох xd x

=¢' Cox c | ми лах

= есуу c (о = со)

Therefore, 2|
e^ cos xdx = e*(sinx + cos x)

Ard; thus, |“сох хадан с (sin r-* cosx) + С

(2) |а [tesoros

= (ах! - ЕЕ
lis х |
Iherefore, 2 | 5. цех (In x)*

іп
And, thus, |тета (Ina)? + С
О94р

(3) | авахдаа = 15) (In

x ^ dx

1225 е | ү
= 123 (Inx)* – Е (2Inx)* =dx

= 3% (ах)? - 5| тохь
| эр - ч

ЕР 37 шъ 3 3 п хах

= То (Inx)* - (Тапа - [=Lax)

2 ie(In x)? — 2en. + 2 ра

= irn х)? = Inx- pe ЕС

|= С ах +2|+c |

И зае
(4) [e*sin3dx = |(5) sindxde
- К sin3x – :|е совзхак
2
23 мазх
un 213
-3 х+»
(те cos 3x + Ч sin
in3 3xdx
dx)
2°
211 e 3
sin3x — 76 Cos 3 =21,
е“ sin3xdx
z 2

Thercfore, 13 |“ая рЗхах = Бе sin3x — i 25 сох 3

4

And, thus, | sin3xdx = Lenasinss - 3cos3x)

+С
KUMCON' O 95
О95а indefinite Integrals 3

Evaluate cach of the following indefinite integrals by using

the rule of
Integration by Parts,

|= |
P ШЕТ
>: Х:+1 2x
1)1п (2+1) ~ |
2 xs |
|
= (х а(х + 1) — Іш.

=ЭЭ)
>(«+ Он? +1) аа? +

i 2; Р

(2 fe“cos3xdx= (5) со53хах

| 3
“24 cosЗа + 5
— | чазхах

ша ЗИ. 3
- „е“ cos 3x + (зек тт > |еcos3x )
ЇЇ | 2 )
*—e cos3x -то ; езсохэхах
>
| |
Therelore, vu |
e? cos 3xdx ч -
267 cos 3x + ie?sin3x

And, thus. e ' cos Axel x т v.e? (sin 3x + со 317) + C

ош:
жет
—M————
O95b

(3) [ге сах = уе = 4) "Чух

а - ду?! + [exe 'dx

ш-д 1-2 (эс та + fe: ах)

= — te 4 —2yel- есас
[= —el^*(X
*2x +2) + C]

(4) |ді хје Шх= |

(х-х)(-с") йх

(же + (о,= Die *dx

= – (д-—хје - (2х — Ше" +2 feras

= (t= xe — (2r De? -2C

menita) E (2х-1)+2|+С
[ес]
 KUMCON' О 96
O 96a Indefinite Integrals 3
Time _ Date

re
х:=4
1
500 =
1-4
dc (к+2)(х--2) -0
Expressing the RHS ot (Dasa sum of fractions.

{x *2)x-2)" 7хстр) :Mery

(0 P-2)*QUu
t2) #1 |

Whenx 2, -ар-1,
ол ath

‘Substituting Pand Q intoФ.

| 1 Cs 1. ely \
(х+2)(х- =2)“4115524227/2
5|
| түту
Б =i(In|х – у - јава с.

Сы
(1) КЕ - [So] Si ша
9 1-9 (а 54-7
Врсте the RHS of (1) ал а sem of (гасова.
1 Р а
(пе
1 0) ау gad -Ф
Pis -M*Qís y]
-Ф
From (p. When л = 3, 801. Qn)

Whena* -V -ар = |. Р-“ - !

fA
қамына P зік Q into (fà
MEM егу ү d |
[19 РАТИ 813-3 a Y)
| |,ы ,-100н-3- а іа «M
ec
и]
О 96b
2. Evaluate cach of the following indefinite integrals,
1-3
(1) |= RE WI 227
х+3
[591] 2; 3x - трае

Letting Sa mm

Determining the values of P and 0;

х+ =3 Р(2х +1) + 0(х –2)
х+3=(2Р+-О)х+ Р-20 . (1)
Matching the coefficients of the left- and right-hand sides of equation (1),
ӘР. | == |

IE
|Р-20-3 Peli Qi
> ате h- 1 ү?
“рс-%-2 x-2 2x41)"
”[п|х—2| заря #1 +C
| 1. (x-2y
|-
тіз 27)
(2) |
2x 2x
[Sol] 3 3:72" (e+ 1)(х +2)

S ЕКПІНІ Е
Гы mining the values of P and 0.

2х = Píx + 2) + Ole + 1)
25 = (P Quo + 2P« Q
-0
Matc
thehi
coeffic
ng ients of the left- and right-hand sides of equation Q,
*092 | |
M Р = – a | |

(ера oe |
21 | 2 1 |
dex а«-| ЕТІ ае |
* —2(Inir + 1 -2а
+ 21 j +С |
| РАИСИ ГО
[--
в tC ис | |
1. Evaluate each of the following indefinite integrals.

x (Ға
2—1
(1) а - (еге.
12726
ІШ

=;
ДА r+[+=—
X
----
1
БТ
зоГ.
л ЗОLО) |
15
-їй|х»1|)
«С
Sal | opin: r
а |А +
| 3 - 2 х+ | C

x1
(2) [stas

154! Ek]
iSo ==

Letting —
кт
РX
0
rl.
х-1=Р(х +1) + Ог
х-1|+ (РР + О)х+ Р - (1)
Matching the coefficients of the left- and паш-папа sides of
equation (Т),
е
АД Ра =|. Q2
(P= –1
х* ? + |
[Ea 2WES ax
TT
15% Sxl
"x + {п]х|— ЗАГ “ПЕС ;

БLE
Ја
шы М TI

Ефес врага
 O97b

)
со
2. Given that |!x
|)
indefinite integrals.
ах = In|f(x)| + C, evaluate cach of the following

(1) [ах - |.

ха |+ С

(2) [eanхах = [2s dx

COSX
= |0674,
COSX
= —Inicosx| + C

metes [(et Вет)!

e Бе Sa
*In(e**e “) +С

| sinr- cosx | - (sinx+ созд)”

(4) = |— Ду
| unar+ COSI ипх СО т

= —Inisi n+ C
x + cos r|
 "ESTIS
=Jr || LIE
= Er
О98р
[Уу
(3)
3 f + un
---- + + хx" ах
ye

[Sol] Lettingu = 1 +x? du = 2xdx

Inu
ре На хак = 1 |2 du

Lettings = Int, dt = 2 4и
ч
| (Inu 1
T+ du = 1 ras

|| и?
PHR
п
== tc

„ Па с

2 м (Е
CES+ x^) c

(4) [et тих.

и = ITEE,
[Sol] Letting du = = -43
| А Eo >
| ашуға) хе
ма
Letting t= ми, 4! = ди

|e
и
au
E |
|
гаг
 КОМО м: 099
О99а Indefinite Integrals 3
Не === == {о

Evaluate each of the following indefinite integrals by using the method of

substitution. |
dx
о |у
[Sol] Letting f= x + МА + аг (where t0),
tate (1- х)
2x = 1? — а"
a
= а“
21

d mis а
Therefore, Мх + ae х —
dx
—— ЮМ
Ра
зам +

di 2°

rt| e чи әрз diut

|

-ЇЁ
Vr
| +g
5*7
жада ls

та

|
= п!
|+ С
= In|x + Vx +@|+С

иез
„ыы
|

Е ЧЕ
! =15,i
ILS.
rt
Lati
"Бара;
zz:
peo
Epez
Ён
="tula

EEN
[кее
PS
|EE
RT
Кн
=,Дека
es
хэ "rr
чан
Dirai
18.8,
woe]
=

=
ue
lrте
mm
e
ГЕР
 ски
= я та

nu

TERCER
er ТАРА HA T

=
Р :
ша
 комом О 100
О 100a Indefinite Integrals 3
Timo : 19

Evaluate cach of the following indefinite integrals.

(1) |нас хах

[Sol] [xtan'xdx = 1 i ae | atx

ј | ОЧ

= | 2. ах. [zax
| cos"x

. owl LL " ^ „Ж | | Т i г

| (-соях)"
= xtanx— SECRET EAE
w rtanr-*lalcosx] С

б |tan?ds = xtanx+ 1а |созді x +С

10) |ғе“ах- [cenas

mre + [sve sax

mm et еге 2 b |
e'da)

(ж-е '(x! tirit 6x +6) + С)

О 100b

(3) 25.
ort 2

сж. ХЭ
Sol] —— —— s ———
| ВЕ 3x у пакъ?"
xz P Q
ер
e ===

2822-23-52 rer

Determining the values of Р and О,

х-
P(x3=
—1) +Q(x -2)
x -35x(P*Q) - (Р+20) Ф)
Matching the coefficients of the left- and right-hand sides of (Т),
(сс
P+20= 3
Р=—1,0=2
5 х!— 24: – fisci 220.
| m ( m ree

- 2x x-Inix-2| *2In|x-1| + €

T.
|
1
ae + r+ М: [х2]
(х- 1)?
«c
KUMCON' O 101
O 101a Definite Integrals 1

|. M F(x) is the indefinite integral of f(x), then

Definition of 5 ћ
Definite Integral |fix) dx - (во = Fib) - Fía)

Evaluate cach of the following definite integrals.

(1) | Ves - ЕС
1
21 |
211551
is]
= =(4V2-1)
25-22 1
(2) |25:21:15 |(2:-1)ах
IX А X

=|в-та
|
-“(4-іІп2)-(1-іпһ1)
2-3-102
4 r4
x1 |
3 |
(3) | 572Хас |(а “Nd
Шаа )dx

“| Ски!
EI
-( 4-2 4) (2+2)

= 20
3
 O 101b

| ?- Vx)? *1—-2WV x-- x

(4) |Sagas ae = |xr emit

? f| |
= |(1-әсі» и
1)

ын ШЕ - 4x! кх]
'
“(109-1249)-011:-441)
= 2113

(5) (у2-хахэ [-;@- =

Saeed 0
2
5222

= iv

(6 [= "vVx-Vxkl и
| пода
/х + 1 (Vx
Vx М Vix+1)л
ја
- |мен
24]
- КЕ ni-

I)
т 4(у2-
7
T 0 2-
[o > - 44
|сЕ,

= БЕ 5)

4944)
ж|

-(2(2748-5у5)-15- 3$
 КОМО М О 102
О102а Definite Integrals 1
Тит ң to | Date - Мате

100% | 90% |
Е шый айгъ] 1) 1

Evaluate each of the following definite integrals,

|
(1) | cos 20410 = E
E мп 2 |
a
d

= 5 [sin-ча(-5)
AE
n

uir
Ч

(2) |(2cosx + мп 2x)dx = 2sinx- 223

0 0

-(счат - созт) - (2sino - es)

= 3

1 AY eee
(3) |sintxas = |Це сок jy
a 0 м
Й =
| | “ 2p
pu
UL
hm
_
| M|
із |-
БО ыг
|

a
N= 4»!
Mie
із =

(1 ту 2
(4) |(sinx — sin^x) dx = |(si ns- с с
0 2 |
1
-|-СО5Х 754 * Linze)

"ГР
Нем
-
ч
ягae
ы.
Zr
==
Jпы
г
и “ғы.
174
- ctam28) eno
"(^e $-

~
mew
IIT
arro
ч.Бр
.аса;
i
ғат"
RR
oe
ee
ee
274A.
rde
TIME
u iudi

SIL
DE
SE
 О 102р

(5) |авах
n

M i
= || z= 1)
dx
„А COS^x
1
хи |апх |
ü

(ал = >
4 4
sar4
4:
(6) |sin3xcos.cdx
1
га |2 (sin4x + sin2x) dx
ғ

> Дард 19 04

2 0477315205237 ON 7 3 2 37
ТЕНІЗ
"s 4-552)
+
ә
15

(7) |(sinx + sin2x)^dx

1}

= |(sin?
x + 2sin csin2x + sin?2x)
dx

= HE (иза CORE) ьи,

- е ман) E (=
дах ках) + 1( “2220
73
= e г ea Э
|
PON 4 л
П. `8.
ЩЕ — > =
HUY
”
KUMCON
O 103a Definite Integrals 1
Тита = 10 | Бао | Мате

{
| 53,1 x 1205 |
(2) |за ксов 4х = | (зіпЗх sin2x)dx

отты
ДЫГА:
елін

x 2505 |

| | 4 2. хэ Э Uu |6 2 COS

ml
71214
i:

в || a
киши
помои
bachi
"ali
иласа
==
KUMCON' O 104
O 104a Definite Integrals 1
Time + го

Evaluate each of the following definite integrals.

Ех. |[cos
|dx
0

| [Sol] f(x) *|cosx| over 0 x => is the same as f(x) = cosx, and
T шанд де
over 7, 5х5 isthe same as f(x) = —cosx.
| : |
ДД [Icosx|dx= |cos xdx = |«овхах
Ч

(1) ||зіп2х|4х
а
27
[Sol] f(x) = |sin2x| over Os x= 2 is the same as f(x) “| sin2x |, and
= |
over == т i5the same
as f(x) =| —sin

.. [ [sin2x|dx m |ма
даа = |«гын

ЕЕЕ
(2) ||sinx+ cosx [х
0 - |
(бой | [sinx + cosx [dx = | V2sin( x Ч
#0 i
| ax

ft) «vv L 1) тч OS 4S in the same ва fe) = VS unds + т) and

over іе е мањеа по» -Viua + я)

^ |. * (x a (41 „УЗ (tols + "ја Уз |«: % "

“УНЭ
-М2141-19У1-2У2
0-0)
 О 105b
H
2 =

[Sol] Letting ef + 1 =, e' dx = dt

When x = 0.4 = 2: when х=
|; = е + |
«+,
Mx | 2
goal:

(3 | snx o
) 1, (2 Cos jx d*

[Sol] Letting 2 - Созу = |

Ућепх = 0) | = I: when sinxdx = di
i 7 p= 3
Ы т
біп
-

3,
B соз)! p

т |de

2141),
 KUMCON'
O 106a Definite Integrals 1
Time с ges Date _ Мате
1 i
nm
?

Using substitution, evaluate each of the following definite integr

als.

1` х
0) |4

[Sol] Letting? + 195 (& — 2xdx dr л хаха 54

Whenx 0,155 | жһепх- l=?
1 а

ыншү [жут el |
ИЕ: 54!

1 2

-3188| rip
emTro

LL
de
ас
ce
RDUr

1
3 In 2

эс 12 (74:48
o [=+ 554%

& (2tе? c 5 (ае Sdxoddt |

e 2rlwbn
[Sol] LetingeQ re ee
Whnr te td | n
44

Г
-4|ни
О 106b
ГЕЗ
(3) |
| pa dX

[Sol] Letting | + x2
= |
Thus, 2r dx = di
| ox = 14
When xs = ] ;= 2; 7
whenx = 2.15
: 2 p 2 =
|[4 dx= | ES

[Sol] Letting2:? - p», ot!

2

4
When
x = ге |;ei ye
"eie F "2xdx

f+
7 БЕ
- | 2 1 feей
|| 7
T e

| Tee
"2 -1)* 4 (n7 - In1)
3 |
22-42
 KUMCON' O 107
O 107a Definite Integrals 1
Tima - to : Date Т Міте
=

jтағасы
7 „Ры
Ер

Sr

Using substitution, evaluate each of the following definite integrals.

(1) |x V1 + ах
0
[Sol] Letting V 1 + x? = 1, |= А
Thus, 2x dx. = ма хак = tdi
Whenx *0,£— |; whenx = | ге Уу?
| =: vI
сін
Ера
пача
"ЖЕ
ғ"mal
er
ra
Та.
EI eM
------
————-—
cu.
"===
a
-mem
n |ХУ14 x dx = | (ull
70 |
ТІЛЕР
= |—
3,
VENT
LPs
EEr
nt

TS
vij
| zer _ 22-1
3

(2) |xV x — 1dx

|

[Sol] Letting Vx- 1 = Г, јаз

Thus, dx = 214
When х = 1,1 = 0:when x = 2.1= |
a !

à |XV x — Гала |e + г ма!

| 9
1
hee2 |(Еј)

не!
0

2155)
БЕЗІ! xit
5
_ 16
7 15
О 107b
|
T X
(3) | 2 -4Х

[Sol] Letting! - кожи, — —2xdx = dt “xix = — па

When x = 0,/ = I: when х = 2,1==

"e
[аха
x (2
== |||===
ӘУІ-r 2 | Vit

1
(4) [еМ -х&

[Sol] Letting МТ х= хар f£

Thus,
dx = —21di
Whenx = 0.1 = lewhens = | 1 = 0
1 ШЫ 9
af |ev 1-кхфт“ |(г). (—20)dt
o | ;

-2| (@@-зе 36 rdr

$

= 1242311 |!
R 5! +5! "i

„22
315
KUMON Оов
О108а Definite Integrals 1
Тит» - to

[imet
ој __- __|

Using substitution, evaluate cach of the following definite integrals.

(1) |xe" dx
0
[Sol] Letting еі) 2xdx ^ dt
When x 0,159 O;whenx е ],/ =]
! ТІ
£3 |де dx = ;|ей
и à пінг

(2) |ЕстАdy
[Sol] LettingIna= 1, dy» de
4

Whenx = lie 0: меах = с,

!= |
2.
i! |LESE өз | di

o |4
, хіпх 15-44:
52- 7
==
iste

[Sol] Letting In x = ¢, :dx di

Whenz =e t= kwhen = с, = 2
е И
td |) inr poe -
са

- |
1!

a [Ini]=In2

1Pus
Le
ЖЕ
fia
+cалысы
TTL
ла
алыр
лылы
im
am
ас
——
-k, -
 О 109
О 109а Definite Integrals 1
Time - ios Date z Pinme

Using substitution, evaluate cach of the following definite integrals.

i
(1) |sin x cos x dx

[Sol] Letting sinx =. cosxdx = dr

When х = 0.1 = O.when x= син

|
i.
юэ

| |
e |чугхсоцгах = [ea

1
(2) |sin?
xdx
о

1 : |
[S01] |пп дайх = |un? xsinxdx = |(1 — cos*
x un xdx
ка Ü

Letting созх е, —sinxdx = dt

When xc= 0,/ = |: when x = T,te —-

У
$
М |snas | (1-11(-41)

Ч(7-114)

- 8—5V2
ША
ESTNE
О 109b

: 1 Sindy
9) | | + созх еқ
[Sol] Letting cosx = r, —sin.xdx = di
When x = Ога I: when x = 22 = ()
1 А
яп? х
те
| sinx(1— сох)
ЧЇ эр хэ |— —- dx
М COS X 0 | + cos x
т
1
та (а - cos x)sixndx
D
=| (1 — r)dt
a

be]
= |(t— ја

ща
2
2 |
» |2-s
ааа
(SolLetting зіпх =, cosxdx = dr
When x = m 1; when x= 7, = l

а
совues
^ | ya ши ш ! !
ini, d [Ота AN >“ 08

x us „| = У2 ||
2\2 и+ М2|
шоЕС
о Ма. M
2V2 МЭ +1 R25)

722”(2-1).E TRA (V2 - 1)*

= – V2In(V2-1)
| V21n(V+21)]
KUMON' O 110
O110a Definite Integrals 1

(mentales) П |

Evaluate cach of the following definite integrals.

o {—*—-
‚ Vx - Vx-1
|(Vxхүүн
— Vx—-1 (Мх + Vx 1)
D

- |(Vx«v х Пах
1

215550
2 ELI 1

- (15,22 за) -?2%асс:

(2) fants
пат Jes
= 3 -e
|nisal ми

||
ще!)
“2192
O 110b

(3) |ХУ1-хах
А
[Sol] Letting v] = ха |, хе |- Ы

Thus, dx = —2: dt
When х= 0, га 1:4їїслх 1.50
! 0
ЗЕ l= хеах= |(1 — 0)и" (— 21)dt
а |
!

2|ма!
L

= 1;
|5! 24
sU pel
t3! |

„16105

(4) [а
r м и:
[Sol] |совлах = |со rcosrdx = |(1 — sin^x)cosx dx
в 0 2
Letting sinx =f, — cosxdx « dt

When x = 0.1 0;whenx = 2, = 52

У?
7 Ea |
zl cos!
xdx = | (1-74!

127)
2 7

d
 O 111
Definite Integrals 2
Time СЭУ {бурун ate Names

Given the formula for integration by parts for indefinite integrals,

[frends = f(x)e(x) - [reos coats

we can derive the following formula for integration by parts for definite
integrals: |
3 № |

|гсдвсдах ^ ene |= ЈЕ(x)g'(x)dx

Evaluate cach of the following definite integrats.

3
(1) | (x * 2) dx
-2
2 | (x + 2) | 1 | 2)
| 1 5 3 | x'dx
PME
TEES
|тштен
тай,”

32 ||
3
4. E

23
07у
ра

=
іе;
ISyeЖАЙ
Tааа
Бы
ытСЛЕД
mast
ag
аа
АЕ
|аПИ

Inu.
керы
 KUMON О 112
О112а Definite Integrals 2
Time : 10 ; Date | Hare

Evaluate cach of the following definite integrals.

3
(1) |» х-24х

2 y 1255217
= | 8-21-3| (х-2)!4т

(2) || (ох + idx

42

< 211) -5| e + 14

10/5 да түлен
1.
M = геге 1)!
ој ко,

0
|

LEM
=.
IP
m=
к

iş
ғ.
жua
Jeimd"
EДА
te
Ж
Jp
O 112b

I 3x—2
(3) |— dx
ОМ +3

ы | (3x - 2)(х + 3) "ах

. 9
ж

| !
га | зк -2)(x +3)! -6f (x * 3)dx
1-2 -3

{
= 20-4] (x+3)!]
=

= 20-28
= —8

(4)Лох
|228
225
- p~1)-ldx

m e
‚М2х-1

en (22 + 2)+ (6/2 -4)- Al с:аа и]

1 |

~ (-9У2 +2)+ (6V2 - 4) – 272 - 1)

2 13V2
ш.--ф----
477 12

шы.
аты.
ань!
Сiiim.
 KUMON : О 113
О 113а Definite Integrals 2 a

Tirno to . Date Marra

(1) [end
ü

E - [=] ~ fe(2х)4х

| Цоо
m =¢— aex|+2 |е'ах

Е
Es
ат
= е – 2
 МЕ; + |
|| Ерни ас
ЕЈ
|| ж! | d
Д
| ' | Е...
он" = С. 1 |

When x=0, г= 0;when x=1.[= —1

5 = s ч
LE

Цахес мах
| | wi

1
ге аі
 KUMON’ 0114
О 114а Definite Integrals 2
Timo : о: — Date | Мате

Evaluate cach of the following definite integrals.

(1) |махах :
|
2 F 1 ы

= xd та |хах
e

„е S]
2 41

moe + 1) |
5"
"HN
RS
ығ;

(2) Га х)ѓах

ЕШ)
feu] | |
4| ел) Та |

-(4е--16)- Їx(Inx)dx
-(26- та)- | ёю | ШЕ

Ц е
2 2 2) ~
| | | ІШСЕ

маг m
-(26- 26)- (e-2°2) -5) |
аи.а
"1C |
 C ма 24-
сэн
= 2
>>|
m
L] m, 2
м. `= Ee
akSN ;

2 та.
я -- eg ae =“m,
= | – ЯВ”,

{44
~ i
еті
LE!
Л
|

п хах
KUMCON' 0115
О115а Definite Integrals 2
Ting —:— tor: Cate д Mame

Y
(2) | ax dx
комОм 0116
О116а Definite Integrals 2
Time : tö

Evaluate cach of the following definite integrals.

1
Ех. |хэв хах
Да бон
== [xcosx] + |«хак
| Је,

r1
(1) |xsin2xax
0

|| |
vs -3lkcos2x| +
zl cos
2x dx

= my |sin2x|

т
E УЗ

(2) |xcos
xdx
“4
19
XH 0) (2 |жала
~ |.

ту? |
-----% |
COST |
8 л
„пу 112
 |

лир
тиши
твишкс
др

гэж
а
лы
 комом О 117
О117а Definite Integrals 2
UE
Үг
=т=”
қай

a
(CET

TUE
NET
TD
Evaluate cach of the following definite integrals.

Т"
"Li
(1) |евовкал
1
в:
|. ©
= [xsinx] -2| xsinxdx
+ =]
т?\/2
32
б
*2|xcosx -12| cosrdx
«| -1

-—A
ТЕН
ште:
жаты

RS Be = ІНЕ
E

т:У2 рис
ту?
m.
вла

Е
32 5

ын -

= |stan x|- |(апхах

0
т siny O T = у и
4 COS X 4 тезі
те
=81
таа
a-

"е г ЕР

| | Дила
„ЫШЫ
dај
а-:-
:

-17 [асов
| о
О 117Б
:
(3) |чи х dx

^ |sinx sin x dx
1
= |sin’ х(- cos x)'dx

{ ї
= Е cosx|+ |( sin?
x)' cos
x dx

1 f
-0- 3|sin х cos?
xdx = Ji(sin x cos x)? dx

3 (!
= alsin^2xdx

yt (1 —cos4x)
= 2| s dx
31:41: |
HE уз

m -- Т
16

(4) | сохах

-2| cos’x cosxdx

=2 |соз х(зах)ах:

= 2 [чолсова||- 2| (сое) хах

-0+6 | sin’сок =6 | (sin x cosx)^dx

-т -т
3 (лсе а
"> sin’ 2х ах

ducc
== 1| 0 = cosáx)
dx | tind | а
==

“ды
чай, ==

ње
комом" О 118
О 118a Definite Integrals 2
Time : 0

Evaluate cach of thc following definite integrals.

:
(1) |e“sinxdx
0

1
[Sol] Letting |e'sinxdx = f,
9
: 1
{= езіп) - |e'cosxdx
о ü

= |— |со 11 :ечахаг
= |
0

=е!+1-!
с! + |
Иран с
2

i |
(2) E cos xdx |
1
[Sol] Letting |e‘cosxdx = 1,
ü

[ (сок |+ |e'sinxax

(а) [o
e»

“«У2-1-/
“92-1
Ч 2
 |
|

O 118b
|
z
(3) |c sináxdx |
1

[Sol] Letting |с sindxdx = 4.

И

dx
| = -(2222) -- 2|c" cosdx
| 4

== () — 2|ce" cosáxdx
|
| | т

= = О = i|e'sindxdx
| | А

met фе" — 4]
с” ae
Йо
5

(4) E

n |c" sinxdx= f,
[Sol] Letti

fa H А чих|23 [ох

= ооа = | esas

Dx ВЕУ
= ы түшү;
po Ж
са,
 комм" О 119
О 119а Definite Integrals 2
Timo : wo : Dato Marne

(а>0)

[Sol] Letting x = asing (-= 5 8 = =). p = а “| cos0| 4-4)

---
----
me
шинэ"

М When х = 0, 0 = 0; whenx- = 9 -|

Since x = asinü, Ма: — хі = Va – (asin8)? - -- @

Using @ and (2),

|: | үй
|Ма – ах = |
| (а: соѕ? 0)0-5 |
| a+ с0520)40
ü

E. => [+ ЕЕ ~ (= =
: | 2 ESSA 1255978

v2 4:

к. [Sol] Letting x = 2sin@ (-Е 505 z), алға

49 2cos0 (7)
2 25)

a | Whenx = 0, 05 (; whens = v2. 0 = >

Since x = 2800. VA S пе: /4- (2sin0)? = 2cos6, -©

Using (1) and (2),

|
3 d
ах шан | ада 704 - E
а М4- г! 0 2со50 y

iss
О 119b

para
[a
Sol] LettingLettingx == 2tan@
[Sol] 2tan 25 <о<7:)
(-1 x
=

When x = 0, 0 = 0; when x = 2, @= +
Since x = 2tan0, x°+4 = 4(14п:6 + 1) = —~
соз:
Using (1) and (2,
2
24 '1
| 2 =dx
(1
со820
ЖЕ
1[*,
С
|

со5:0

221% 8

dx |
|
(4) [525
| Meo ИА с
[Sot] Letting x= УЗ капо
iq ес туз
( s 0 < т) о Уа
(ах

Whea х= 6-2 | when хе V3. 26

Since
x= V3 алд, 3 + х2 = 3(1 + tan?0)= —

Using
© and Ф).
2.
лак [ожо УЗ.
(зе | 13, ae 3 |40
соз:0
„УЗ, |.У.
53 36
 комом 0120
O 120a Е Definite Integrals 2
Тито : to : Date

ПРУСИ

Evaluate each of the following definite integrals.

1
(1) | (2х + 5) хіх
--

-=i

БЕЗ -2| x'dx

"um
ШЕН
EM
^-^
unam

За ШЕЕ ЛЕ
„о Па
“ЛЫН

ДдBS
Жил
ал
ва:
5

Fe
oe

E
Vn
Ша,
15 a

= ten
= %
ЇГ

- =

,
(2) |2x'e' "ах
1 1
c een] -4 |xe'^? dx
| 2
| Г 5 |

|Зс -8- е +4{ е dx

| 12 +

ШЕ
= бе + ез
| 2

= | 4
О 120b

(3) |эсаахдах

= ШЕП | -6 |х In x dx

= 24(In2)* — AE ах |+2 [Сах

Ji (
2 |
p
= 24(In2)* — 16112 + а і

= 24(In 2)? — 16112 + =

r1
(4) |xcos2xdx
),

1 22) (18.2
т ЕЕ - ;|sin2xdx
2 21);

Л:
= ry+ ЕРІ

1
4

(5) (е sinxdx
f
Sol] Letting | ахах =f,

Ц. вар
[= Цена |-3| cosas
ЕНЕР
== та == Ценова)
Ec( а
„| ёмохах

ei
ай
| |
мИ | и 5126
== "+ |}
 комом 9121
О 121a Advanced Integration
Тб: 0: Dato _ Mame _

| рам ni rnt Ф.

ий
ыйан"
i
o
Evaluate cach of the following integrals.
:
(1) |= = In[ x — 2| +C

(2) |5;2_—4х=ї{?х-3|+С

o | ке ик + 11 +C

@ | е > (по +1]+С

| фешще + 1) +С|

=,
..Ты

аречи
| eсе
sar
=5 —
==га: С—
Р-ва
=
виж

gx
т
А ПОТ
ЕШ
puРЕТРО
|
 KUMCON' O 122
O 122a Advanced Integration
Time r to _

( masakan FO

Evaluate each of the following integrals.

(1) || dx
| x(x + 1)(х+ 2)
| Р о К
[Sol] Letting x(x Fil)
* Dx (act
+2) 2) = = + СЕЛЕ + x3

Determining the values of Р, О, and К,

Ге Pix + Dx +2) + Qx(x * 2) + Rx(x + 1) -0
Matching the coefficients of the left- and right-hand sides of equation (Т),
|Р+0+кК=0
3) *20* R40 n P= >. Q=-1. R=-
2P= |
4 | х - || | 4
I ТОПТАР ]l2x524
ae ај е
1
= 5 in|x] —Injx + 1] + 3 ints *2|*C

| ECEN j
м-д------
2 (екін ^
| 6
(2) |Х(х=3)(х +2)^
6 ПРО R
[Sol] Letting-
х 3042) х x-3 152
Determining tbe values of Р, Q. and К,
ба (р 3)(х+2) + Ойх +2) + Rxíéx-3 — (0)
Matching the coefficients of the lelt- and right-hand sides of equation (D.
ues
- Р +20—3К = 0 ем |, Q^.
2223
Rez
-6Р = б |
_ йс а Зи 1 se сше е:
p а —3)(x * 2) is
3 | |х
| 50-3 5ге 2) 2
| е BEA, |
| = 1х] + «ши -J+ «Inl +2| «С
E
кан |= Min(д = iH (aд+2) 1 Ec|
Ee xg nn ms

ore ГІ жм а,
О122 b
[4 + lox - 8
ах
х- 4
Ax шилээ 8. A 200 T 08
[Sol] Letting
РЕ Эс х-2
Determining the values of Р, О. and R.
$c + 16х — $" Р(х- 2) (5+2) +Ox(x +2) + Rx(x —2) =
Matching the coefficients of the left- and right-hand sides of equation О),
P+O+ head
( 20-2К 16 Ра? 05, Ке-3
-4ра-#
. [A48 *16x-8. (2 5 3
= | PET ах (2+5 түз)

»2Inix| + 5in|x — 2| -3Inix + 2| « C

- n2)
|= в |

| хе #8х#2 — т
(4) RS TEET
№ + 5х +2 В
Е НЕЕ БЕГ Зо
Determining the values of Р, Q, and R,
х +8х+2= Р(3х +2) (2х -3) + Ole + 1)(2x -3) Ах +1)(3х+2) 2. (Т)
Matching the coefficientsofthe left- and right-hand sides of equation (1),
|6Р +20 + 3А =]
-5Р-0%58ч8 +. P=), Ошо Вә]
:-6Р-30-2К-2
~ |Ва а- (--- (teed ES
бх + x – Ит-6 JU +! IE? no4

* -lalx та ЕТЕ +2} +:5 их — 3) + €

| (3х
+2) (2 -= 3)"
-= а (x * 1) «e|
кит 1 ча
O 123b

о а —dx
(x +2) (3х + 5)

[Sol] Letting- лиг 2-2 RI Qu ПА.

(х+ 2) (32+
5): х%2 3545 (30+ 5)"
Determining the values of P, О, and К,
| -]*P(3x + 5! + Qix + 2)(3« + 5) + Ах +2) ...@)
Matching the coefficients of the left- and right-hand sides of equation 0),
| др «30-0
MP + ПО+КеО poem (#3, Ки-3
25Р + 100 * 2R = – |
221
(х + 2) (3ж + 5): x*2 3x45 (3+5) ~
11.
= —In|x + 2| + In|3x + 5] + I + С
3a +5
(c dax 5 :
ағ 22211343

Ф |
И
ахРе
- Xm xp |
[Sol] D э Т”
IS X D А PET)

| P Q к,е
ee реа 4-1 хс 5
Determining the valucs
of Р,О, R. and 5,
b= Pe tOr 1) + Rx(x -1) + $(х— 1) 20
Matching the coefficients of the left- and right-hand sides of equation 6).
| Р+О=0
| -О+А=0
ОР Ое Кеи 5н]
-К+5«0
| -5=
‚ШЕ |
". [==
oe Ma |(«+1+1--1---,а

d xtInjx=1[-Injx] +С

а
Г. ПАД
mm.
жені Ди
r+
і нш “авлч Ёл нге

E 2 Fxen X tirare]
 KUMCON' O 124
О 124a Advanced Integration
=

Әліп = Матю
==
"=="
Em

Time 27-82

Evaluate cach of the following integrals.

(1) Бы.
r+
Ira х(х1-1) | х-1
Sal] Dividing, LU 2 1 +=
| Шы х +: (х+ бг—х+1)
x=] P Ох +К
ли
Letting B(x +”
+1)(6-х+ 0 х+ 1 r-x-*l
Determining the values of P.Q. and К,
-r| .
түм?
unm.

x
+ Ree)
х-1 е Цс-х+1) *(Q -0
СЭН
eS
UST.
aЕҢЕП
ТЕ
Бұлтты
Matching the coefficients of the left- and right-hand sides of equation (7, |

ЖАЛАСЫ 2 Qe К==>
!
-P+Q+RK=1 2
Ur
iy
аIo8 РФК--!1 |

| нү КыЛ у (541) TT PEUT P

Э
шин + | + Sini- +1] с |+;1с)
3 бга ру?

(2) Есе.
|
д = Ыси Ar +3
[Sol] Deine: 2217 О
1%3 BS Ох + R
Letting(Oy Cer lp2-1 ЕТ
Determining 5 values of Р.О. and К,
Ye d= POCO xt И + (Or + КИ. - | „Ф
(0).
Matching the coefficients of the telt- ard right-hand sides of equation
Figs
п-т Кал рыл Qai Ее
fo Rw)
erem |м t.) |
| “-| к= | (a) weed =
ружу + |
Те 0 T |
О 124b
2 21220
(3) ез 1)(х- 1:4:
[Sol] Letting ауысы" да» ОСИ REES.
ED- 1)" “-і (r-1" гі
ыы values ОГР, О. К. and 5,
= P(x —1)0e4+1) + ОС + 1) + (Rx + S)x — 1)
Matching the coefficients of the left- and nght-hand sides of equation (0),
P+R=0
| -P-Q-232R*5772
Р-0-1, К=-|, 5-0
P*R-2820
-Р+0+5=0
2 | 05 2cсары iа 2 |
ТЕ гел ЇЕ сэг Bel
minz- 1|- — - Ine +] eC
„с! 1 |
2” пер +]
|-:

2х + 3x
(3) [nds
26 + Зл „Ра +0 ARx + $
|504) Letting Lp шур (841)
rm
Detethe in
values in
of Р, Q. R.g
and 5,
22 + Jre (Рх + QE +1) + (Кх * 5)
ing
Matchthe coefficients of theleft- and right-hand sides ofequation ©,
P=?
| жалда
0-0 272
ре? RoI,
Ral. Q=
0-8-0

0+5=0
(Ax var о (225: ушл
| [кее Itt
“іші: * 1) - “С
ЕТ

Xx
mt-=ЇгШы
rote pis
 KUMON’ О 125
| О125а Advanced Integration
| Time _ to

.
!
| |
| Evaluate cach of the following integrals.
|
p
| А

(1) [vi - как

Ё 0

| [Sol] Letting x = sind, dx = соз040 (--ө-т)

When х=й, 0-0
| When a 2' 0 - 6

| {Г/ — rif
Substituting: |( |= [a] нэ |ө- |(
0 LE
Ч
= | соо 049
НЕ
з IK + соъ 20) 29
Гpic
-i

Пия 1. 21
23 ( Па 7)-(9 зао)
т УЗ
12 7:8 ==
ir| a

(2) У4- ах
ог
кл
шил
meme
mono
ла
паши
be
=а:

-v
[501] Letting
x =2-[ sino
When | z"—'

Wia ке V2. e

i |
-2| (1+ contol de
- |»+ гам!
te | и т i тү!

= р + 2
 O 125b
Ч
(3) |(1+х)М1- ах

= [Sol] Letting x sing, — dx costi (55 im 2)

When хеб, 8-0
|
When x=], 0-5

жанын fio+ sino)(ЛЕЕВ)

соб =|[песо do
~ |(cos! + sin coy!0) dé

^ | HT + 029) + абсо |do

еген) ен
6~+ учат )-joe? |-(он 5sino)-4costo}

[Soi] Lettingx sin, с созд (-5-<ә-")

When гед, 0-0
When xf, 2

т
- |а — пите

|et
в+ on |~ (0 ont)
Ww
 KUMON 0126

Evaluate cach of the following integrals.

(1) | 2
[Sol] Completing the square,21 ан 1— (x — 1)
Letting x — I = sind. dx = cos 040 (-= == =)
When | r-0. = 7
When дч |. 0-0

Substituting: |( УЛ = sinto )соз6 |4е - | «код

|
^f
Е
(1 + со) 0

Pe
(

Q
E
m
nj- zuтузу
кәч
| МБ
Trm

(2) |Мах — dx :
[501] Completing the square, 4x — кғ-4-іш- 2):

Lctting x 2» омий, dx 2004040 (-5-ө-2)

When — x4 0-5
! Зла !
Substituting: ІІ га = 43120 |2соз це = к
1
-2| is + cos 2 Hit

een
- 2i11
5 !
>

E жу V fea to
- е
npamm
ECT
EI
ние
Г
s
E--ал
Epқартысты
тұтата
г"
и2ср
ak
1ЈЕ
в.
d.
wпе
+
=
Ея аған
тела
ТҮ
ыреа
a Tr ил = ы,
О 126b

ME ! ах

[Sol] Letting x = (апд,

When х=0,
When х=]. = >
tuli
Substitu ne:: зш ы 0):с
As
ling (1 + 1ап: 05:0 - ДОН
cosg

1 n
eЧ,
+ Saal

Иво Рот
= (= + учет) = (0+ чао)!

* |!
"Tr Vir

235,

e пе
ТЕЗІ
[Sol] Letting
x = tand, 7 Conte: NER ЕЗ

SU | s | -Vn
што | EU |
CE)
ална
cos!d — sin’0
cos! à
наа Heemall Y х
есин еса ) cosg
- |сөд = sin!
d) 40

- 222

inde + С
 КОМОМ О 127
О 127а Advanced Integration
Time а to

| Evaluate cach of the following integrals.

(1) | dx
: |
Ме+о 3 -- <0< in=)
à Letti
[Sol] Letting x а Мапе, m 240d
dx ке за (-=
|| When х 71), 0-0 А
| When х= 4, Ө-а, where land ~ 5
| : 3 ===
3 |
5 Substituling: 20
Е como Stan?é + 9 ж 2)
o coo
1-5810
= sind

3 Т йнi-o) ine |49

- ы + sin@|—In}i = зао|

- | (вм :)- int- ай)

n (-Чапа 231 адаг $
= In?
LEUR

| 3e CUN
|
[Sol Letting x = Junh, Их т == (-2<<
SE
When ye - УЗ, 9--<

When «= УЗ, Om =
| 3 ] | 4

Te

==
(ы)!
-|--

4
с=з
O 127b
22
(3) [=
НЕМ
[Sol] Completing the square, L=xx- = (x-1) T

Letting x |. Уз
5 = 757 tno, Р 3.
ох 0
40 -®<ө<®)
( > 195

т
When x= 0, д = =

When x-2, д- -

! V3 | Г ма
3 | cos
Nao a
сы (Зато) аи costo
4384-45)

3 Ja
22 |
зэ oz
3 NW

V3
а
(4) | -5-
Uf т)
фа= conde (57566 =)
[Sol] Lettingx= sind,
When х=, 0-0
 комОм | О 128
О128а Advanced Integration
Tme- со : _ Date Marne

[100% [ sex |
Evaluate cach of the following integrals.

(1) [=

(0=х=3)
Sol} |x =31={
(35x36)
[Маэ [МВ- хах + [Ma
|
2 n2 ЈЕ е 2 | | è

|38-9| (зе=з],
июГ .-20-
100 3) + +
5(3'—0)

= 4\/3

(2) |[sinx- Усов их |

[Sol] sinx- Vicoux = 2sin(x- 7) Л

42
ү"LENS
-
Tш. үрэл
i
"Шын
аерғ
um
mн =
OPERE
ғ...
ELT
USE
ады
11
.А =ГГ
ыы
МЕТІ
Р а.Қа,а =,
|
атадық
Ааа
Ир
тіге:

| |4-2) (=)
ы,
41
DE
ae
ин."
"P и
Ты

Lr
vt.
ығШы!
nm
tre

ер бенд.
"A 3
га x—— ГЕ хэт

| |enda шд јих+2 ‘мах = dx

| Е
кч TCH
ME |

Em.
"m

SS
Fe
О 128b

(3) ШЕ -)(х- ах

(Зк— 1)(к—1) (02x55; Iz као)

[Sol] (3х-1)(х:411 = 4 1 xe :
= (Зк — I)íx —- 1) (аха)

fior- )(х- 1) [ах

{ F 1
= [e-s міх = |(34
— 4 + Idx + |(3
— Ax + lda
|
|
в э а |ES- T [e-ze +l КЕ
-|и - а

[22 122
(1-1. :)- (1--2+1)+(4 5 1) в- 8%2)-(1-2%1)

222
27

(4) | ахих (0<а <e) (Hint: Consider

the different cases of a.)

SAURAIT ы) хіпх =>)

[Бо сн! |: (0<x=1)
When azl,
e | | 1 КҮШ. у
ае ~ sting т + бих B їр |
|(—xlnx)dz + | хил)
Д

Е
uf4 f4 Оша + +t2

When а > 1, |
|(xin
xdax = Erins- 181

(2-3) Gee)
-. И- (21до - 1)
 KUMON’ 0129
| O 129a Advanced Integration
; о A s
!
| 1. Determine the value of the constant а at which the integral
| өх — cosaldx (оsas z),is ata minimum. Then find the
0 2
minimum value.
[2] E
[Sol] |cosx – cosaldx = | (cosx —cosa)dx +
о

z +- кожа -
| 0

= (sina = acosa) = 0 + (=соза — )- (acusa — пипа!

| 2

~ 24nd — (2а- = ом - |

Leiting f(a) = 2sina — (20= =)cosa=,

Га) = 2cosa — [гео + (за- ӘБ

| пу. | al
ч (2a= F sina | |

До) reaches a minimum at a = A

When a= ^ the minimum value ix: V2 = 1
O 129 b

2. Determine the value of a,, where а, = | (зли сон) dt.

(n is а natural number.)
(Hint: Consider the cases when n = 1 and n= 2.)
[Set]
(а) When n = 1,

(зіл сова ја! = | өгсөөд | (лсоlili

1 | | 1! іт |
; |sin2ear > | sin Meli

11:18:55 211241 ај
= ()

(b) When
n =2,

4,” |(sini cosa jdi — | өснө

= |заа + пи]+sin{(l – пута! – (тј за| (1-І

21Ц-соз{(л + 10] _ сл
сов (1 – е особ+и _Di]. €os[(1— пи
2| пећ (1 =>) (nt) (1— n) 5
| 1 сол ај 202
att a=] n=l | Wd —

| | ! 4
When nis
5” even, а, = Sia cu Mr p
T и т=1 л-і пр п

л = ] also holds truc for (b).

Therefore,
for all natural numbers, m.

| Whenшетсусп.
nis d, оа
PE

When
п в odd, а„=0
 KUMON О 120
О 130 а Advanced Integration
Time -: '5

1. Evaluate cach of the following integrals.

rnt.
а) (P=
| 55-8:-9
64-18) Эр [От
+ x De ET Kr fhe

| ин -9 : аео)
Еэ.
Letting | or == JeEee CR Ка +5
(n-9)£8-1) x43 r) 1417
=и.
=e

rm
Detethe valuin in
cs of Р, Q. В.g
and 5.
10 = P(x 30 + D + Ola + G8 + 0) + (Rx + 5) (к e Mis — 7) -Q
ан
Мате
ыл сm
си, и
a
TE

Matching the coefficients of the left- and right- of equation

sideshand
Р-ОФК-О
ЕЕ.
“SP+ 2+5 =0
прно
а “оГ. (R= = -- 1 (50
© = 1

-3P+39-95=0
[х *2:5- ко - а «a – 18 || а Eloy |
[EET —— іш = хэс Re SIO 2053] |

тренаже Уши Паре ни ес

= x.«|
|[еееАе ы *Yx-3

Г dx
| | Lo
^] у4- ді

[50] Letting 452406, 44420849 (- <е<5) |

When "=, B = ==

When те V4 ӨЛ
О 1300
2. Evaluate the following integral.
1

|lacosx — 5іп2х|4х (a> 0)

| |
ü
(Hint: Consider the cases when О<ал2алаа>2.)
- чп )
[Sol] f(x) = acovx - 2мпхсозх 7 ТЕТЕ
әзіне ofof xк only.only
2.una 3- holds true for| one value
(a) WhenÜü az
|
с
Lettingа be that value, мпп >.

| |
in+, Len ze] 1:
+ 7 со = asin |
(sinZx -асо ул)4 д = [as
|өсөн— jinle d x 2|
i | 1 )
| (5-а + о Сора T AFP
- (asina+ зоне =)

+п
= Зам а
соза а

-Pasina + | - 2sin'a — à

) n . ( 2 ) - « ( m e i)
-40
2

х >0
(b) When a 72,then 5- ма

| )|: |
3 .
н [ens Танах)
+
(вся - ваго

үй ==
НЕ
2

agmi
PSP dr T
1-6%- (when 0 a2)

Thus, iacosx
– ма2л и =| а-1 (whena>2)
A = < О € О 131

Given а curve у = f(x), мћегса = x =,

Letting 5 be the area bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the two lines
x@=aand xb,
%

э = | (хујах

UNEиг. TINTA ИЕ em rere rr

|сті
imm imma синята ү

(2453)
ony Lit x m= ті ? 1 IR үш
жыры Же Гы! LE. - = Ї Г E а! i

Drs i | Г ! AT A

| = Г. Lamp x d Жы!y entr m

12:43 А eg
pret= am n Let
entD өл түү ду |
uam “И үлэг штээ ыpee p m
аиRr m mdeTESTA vшн Ел," Е |+

Sol] When 2sx=3; у>0. |

Р | пар ва с кз 8 сер и r= [rm ar Dam ү i .
|

С PE II 4 AL ! в = rh | c.
ІНДЕТІ г. ігі ZR bi TEM ната cun ЖЫТТУ ыз» ЕА
TA А Е 1 т) cr-14 = г gr En Кыз LE = coa а

(1) y= (2х+5): (-3:5х:-2)

[Sol] МІкп-35х--2. y z 0.
Thus,

(2) Mee: (15x32)

[Sol] When | 12: 2, v» D.
Thus.
 уту Te кті (05x31)
| [Sol] When 0s x5 1, у<0.
Thus,
er
$ = - |œ- х2-х-1)4х
0

(3) у-(х-3) (1:5х:52)

[Sol] When 1:5х:52,у-0,

Thus,
2 | 1! 1
у= = |
| (х—3)?4х = -Це-
4 |,

154

(4) уте-3 (0=х=1)

[501] When 0 = x 5 1, у<0.

5= - | -sdz |
= = је– 3:
D

а 4
 Given two curves у = f (x) and y = glx). where asx 5 b.
Letting 5 be the area bounded by the two curves and the two lines
x=aand x = b,
5
същ
ae

$- |If (x) — g(x) ах

сонети i ИЕ
=.
т
РГ
>,

по “1, Determine the area bounded by the following curves.

() /()-х. g(x)== (15x53)

p - [Sol] When 1 = x x 3, f(x) —-0 and g(x) 20
|
маза үлы | Г
Also,x => = over | <к< 3
игы,

ү non
Пет, буг
PEN PyB
En ACH WT Е 0

Ru.
pee
ker ам,
иска ere
р
rs 3
х
Е
г

x 2 7 -
= 4 – 1033

dH (2) f(x)? cosx, g(x) = sinx (тах«т)

Dieser 21177
рүм CE уи, г Ч Т l т : - т

E Also, cosxs sinx over —- 1 = --

P тшщ
©
= ис 1 |
i E 5-|і
ain X nae
я { " sx) фу
|
а |
шы - | m 1 t |
!
ЕЕ,
i4: > en ii zie T5, Е =| Р A A Je 1 : T 2 - z
EU EB nS I EE
peur ade beue rerom : Ё "о Ы» ыл
41! IE qnd 4-2 mI ' алу E а. 1 4 “л Ч
йы, маты, AE | | е р
" Гүр МЕТА = и, И шры з зе ван | + Е | Е
о
ода
ОК тил eta
n ear осуу. à
1 1 ти рса у
ИМЕ Pe -
О 132Б

:
2. Determine | 1
the arca bounded by the curve y = — ап the two lines
Shaye
у = mx and у = nx (where т > n > 0) in the 1“ Quadrant.

[Sol] Given the diagram on Ше right,

[сї p and 9 be the x-coordinates of
points Р' and О’, respectively, and
let 5 be the area of the shaded region.

$ = ЛОРР! + |:dx- 1000' 00

Р

Finding the points of intersection,

)
The coordinates of P and Q are: (- 5 Уа

Thus, (гот (1),

11 81 Id
55412312
2 A
„+ | Il
kx ^ 2
У
Va

15)
zu pt
a
 О 133

1. Determine the arca of a circle with radius r and center at the Ofigin.

[Sol] The equation of a circle is à + у: = 1.

ут ме кі
Ё Letting 5 be the area of the circle,

5- | М-ға - |ES EE.

11
=

у
2
ours
ЈУ

= | [V ome(—мята)

p -2| УР ах
та:

P Letting х = rsin (-2505 | dx = rcosódg

Е | Иди 4

nom
m,

T
Еi

LIENS
it
P
Кырлы
тч

p
Үүл
=“

Whenx*—-r,07 — =; whenx-r, 0--

ы
|
ег
bare
г,ж
га",

2 =0
In this domain, cosó
ын Therefore, Ме — х = V cos = |гсол0| = rcosó Пе
3а
Ешш
m. 1

———
—————

pu 1
B „да 2 |rcos8- "созбай

-28| cos? 010

пеу“ (а+ сов20)40

-rfo+ di
| 2: je
2) *
anr
О 133b

2. Determine the arca of

the с рзе = 5 7l. (where a>0, b> 0)

[Sol] y= + дү qur

Letting5 be the arca of the ellips

e,

5-2| SVat Нах

Letting x = asing (-5sos 2) dx = асоѕ 040

When x = –а,
0=== when x = 4,6 =Z
Therefore,
|
ӛт 2|| gece аса
a

-4 |

ablo sin2 201!

|2:
тақ
е атн.

аны.

-mi.
:
^
ane
"uen,
i
zat
D
‚ комом 13
O 134a Applications of Integrals 1
Тити» : to

7
Se
Se

ae
таи
=
al

1. Drawa rough graph of the curve y = «пл —cosx (0 122), and

then determine the area above the x-axis bounded by the curve and the
X-axis.

[Sol] Finding the x-axis intercepts,

| y*sinx—cosx = 0
siny = COS E

(апх = |

т Эл
а
:у = 0 when oe
4' 4
лынын

y'* Cos x + sin.x

Letting 5 be the arca,

м :

$ = |(sin x— cosx) dx |
f
by
== |
—COSY-— uni
га |
5 т
= 1

а 22
O 134b
2. Draw à rough graph of the curve y = cos x(1-* sinx) (0-5 x27), and
then determine the arca below the x-axis bounded by the curve and the
X-àxis.

[Sol] Finding the x-axis intercepts,

y= cosx(1 + sinx) =0
сол
= Џогчипх = = |

КЕ Am
ету, 2

у = соѕх(1 + sinx)
Јо
= совх+ 2 Singx

у’ = —sinx + cos2x
= —<пх + | — 2sin*x
= —Jsin'x — sinr +1
= ~(2sinx — 1)(sinx+ 1)

Letting 5 be the arca,

5= | (cosx+ 1sin2x ds
1 i

| T
ш — өх m сон? ||
4 И
 1. Determine the area bounded by the curves y= zr+ V/x and yx.
(x 0) T
ТТІ
19
қ;
L
[501] Finding the points of intersection.
|

i
“Tt Yr,
2
рх 1

pe ЈЕ Ух-0

ЗУХ(Ух-2)-0
I

хз 0,4
Thus, the graphs intersect at (0,0) and at (4,4).

The graphisshown at right.

Letling
5 be the area,
4 | Р
$= [e ма-а)
во
жи
та
UN
Ж
Т'
ее
та
тел
ше

-[(vs = вх)
О 135b

2. Determine the area bounded by the curves у = sinx and у = sin о = z)

(05х-<2г)

[Sol] Finding the points of intersection,

sin x ==)
sinx=sin( x=
%

sinx — sin(x- z)= ()

2с05 ЕЕ. (Еп а 20

Letting 5 be the area,

СЕ |[sin(x-$)- sinx] |

3]
= 2
|

1. Determine the area bounded by the curves у = V3cos2x and y = sinx.

(O<x< 7)
(Hiat
li њ not necessary to find the exact valucs of the о

[501] Finding the points of intersection,

EA

um
ie

ra.’

Е D-
LEES

==

чT Bdaы Eh
Е
зына! ІЗбашЛ,Э a"

: 3 т
= sina = 3 where 0<а<- _@
Thus, the points of intersection are at:
тылу
чн
құсатын
>
AEN
T=|
ала
Да
PA
гEL
231 Дд
"үүн
Yinka
ЁС
* EE12
E
Ч
РЕ Е
4F

х=а and x=7-a-~

The graph isshown at right.

Letting 5 be the area,

= 2соза+УЗяп2а
From (1), cosa= 2

Thus, 5 = 2cosa+V3-2sinacosa
.2У6,2У6,4У6
2У6 NG wv

= ажиж z = a ; | жш i аи үр LL рева
ee а а eee
mw. ый ан ний
й Бан реа ат си з аж
вага нээхийн
 тг тээл элээж

О 136b
2. Determine the area bounded by the curves y= — 7cosx and
у = 3cos2x.
желе
тайЙ
ages, X
2 азл
2 2

[Sol] Finding the points of intersection,

--7совх = 3cos2x
6cos^x + 7cosx-3=0
(3cosx — 1)(2с05х + 3) #0

COS X = ; (“.2совх +320)

^ соза = 3 where О Са < а a (1)

Thus, the points of intersection are at: |

ха and «= —a

The graph is shown at right.

LettingS be the area,

$ = | (3cos2x
+ 7cos x) dx
a

- |sin2x+ ва
“ет

= 3 sin 2a + Tsina) - [7sin(-2a) + 7sin(—a) |

3 3 | 2 sin(—6)= - то
- (5sin да + Isina|+ 3 sin2a + маа |
= 3sin2a + 14зїпа |
From (1), inae272
Thus, 5 = 3+2sinacosa + 143па |

- 3,2
„(2/2 \{1` 2V2\ 324/2
“а Аз TUS Сут д т.
3,
 KUMON 0137

1. Determine the value ofa at which the graphs of y=Inx and y= ar + 1

touch at only one point, and for that valuc, find the area bounded by the
y-axis, the y-axis, and the two curves.

[Sol] Let f(x) = Ina E

Let g(x) = ах + 1 29)
Let @ and @ touch at (1, а: +1) (where r0).
Letting f (г)= AON ;

Letting /'(г) = к (0.

|
E: iei] 0)
b g and (а), Inr
Solvin(3) 2
1 ТІ. BIG
2: Substituting (5) into
1
й = —,

Thus, Да) - ша and (х) wt =x+ 1

тт

touch at only onc point, as shown

Ыл
aT
art
КС on Ihe righi.
ee
pci
Letting 5 һе Ше area.
eae
ШҮ:
renee

ШИ 5= | Н Ја |Шах
ша ғ ге!
-3| vile + [ds — |Ї хал
9 1
е
"зл
10:1 :41: | :
| ТЕПЕТІНpror |
Е
зы
й +t

ee

2
O 137b
2. Determine the value of a at which the graphs of y = ax? and у-іпх
touch at only one point, and for that value, find the area bounded by the
x-axis and the two curves.

[Sol] Let f(x) = Inx 242401)

Let g(x) = ах 252)
Let (1) and (2) touch at (г. ағ) (where (201),
Letting /(1) “и(1),
Inf = аг" 409)
Letting / U) = (0).

=[ = 2ш

12а? = 1 nie

g and (4), Inr = :

Solvin(3)

2: (тену (S
Substituting (5) into (2),
i
а= —

Thus, f(x) = Inx and g(x) = n

touch at only one point, as
on the right.
Letting 5 be the arca,
| М 2 |
S= --4х-| шхах
1

| - [sx - «|
 KUMCON' О 13а
О 138 а Applications of Integrals 1
Time dg I Date Marra

1. Determine the arca bounded by the curve y = Vr- 1.its tangent line at
(3,2), and the x-axis.
y 4

[501]
уз Wr-1 >")
Ёс Тезата сир

| : 2Ух-1
7 Whenx = 3,

|
Finding the Soe of the tangent line to @ at P (3, V2),
a y-V2- à (х-3)

1 7
АД r = EIE ae X + ж-ллте--” ашы

27 2\/2

p" : LettingА be Ше x-intercept of (2), ‚

ү When у = 0, х= - 1.
у Therefore, the coordinates of R are: (- 1,0)

E
| S= APOR- |V/r-ldx — (where РО 1 ОВ)
=. 54.У2- 3
axem
|

-2М2- we

58
O 138b
2. Determine the area bounded by the curve у = sinx + cosx, its tangent
- Т | А
line at (=.| |, and the x-axis.

[Sol] y=sing+cosx ...0) +, 1

y^ = (созх = sinc | A nest)

| T :
Whecn х=х ==2 Р| i

2 [Ee Vlr ze]

y и = | ! и

ott ieee
Finding the equation of the _
tangent line to@ at P (3. ! )
-14

ny т

т+2
ун т тту 3:2 (2)

Letting Ж be the x-intercept of (2),

When y = 0, x = ec

Therefore, the coordinates of R are: (=23 0)

Letting4 be the area,

гї
$ = APOR- |(sinr + совх) ах, (where РО L ОК)
Д
1 Т
ое е -cosx + мах |
2 | !

--(У2-1)
-2-у7
3
 KUMON О 139
О 139а Applications of Integrals 1
Тито | to

l. Determine the arca bounded by the curve у = х) — 3x? + 1. its tangent

line at the point of inflection, and the y-axis.

| [Sol] y'= 3х2 - 6x

3 = 3x (x —2)

у” = 6x—6
-0(х-1)

| Therefore, the point of inflection is: сие

Thus, the equition of the tangent line at that point is:
у и -3(х- 1)
кув-жт+2
қыпты
телем

тШс
ЕДИ
Fr
тыт

EI

HITLER.
nара
ана
11

Ёс
ФЕ,
s г
КЕТ m
ЕС Г

ТАВ:
ae m

pes
mist

Letting $ bethc area,

zi
E.
ҮТІР „күр
ә”рс:
gu T mБ ee,
нг2

ы me.
Ma
х Е

| |
аз пи к.
наар.
тск:
Ту, лг

Па
EДе ер
8-| (зе 2) = (x?= 3х2 + Dus
г |
e. "а"
=н
NET a

|
ЋЕ

- -|(х7-3х1-43х-1)4х

ЕТТЕН; tis, ТЕС ТИЕТІН ТЕСТІН

2. Determine the area bounded by the curve у = хе", its tangent linc al
the point of inflection, and the y-axis.

[Sol] у тата len и

= (1— х) ет"
у = «+ үү) те“)
= (х-2)е“"!
Therefore, the point of inflection is: (2, 2277)

Thus, the equation of the tangent line at that point 15:

У-26716-6 Ч(х-2)
х ym —en=2(x—4)

Letting5be the area,

S к= [|
й ~¢-*(x— 4) те" Те
|

Шер. 1Rudi а Piet 12: Те

=> Е | + Е = |
| B |

117%
mi

= —"(2—8) #22" + ie]

L г

ә%е:2-|
^
KUMON ото
О 140a Applications of Integrals 1
ume- s алО ега Oate | Мата

T 1. Determine (he area bounded by the x-axzs and the curve y= “Ух.
E (15х:54) |

[Sol] When 15 x $4, у>0.

S
Thus, 5 — |V/xdx
4
"3 ВІ - = =
1)

Т
= re

хол
-=
ee
1исти
=

the curves үзе 5

2. Determine the area boundedby

[Sol] Letting f(x) =е' and g(x) = х +4,

When
0x x 1, f(x) 20 and g(x) >0
Also, x +4 > e' over OS x31

га a = рена -(1за- ) it 1)
nN Т

тү
11

кат

ЇА:

LET
їЖ
-. ге;
; o SE ae и Їя, om
— ч и ..... —— mna
ар тз Eа "~
1 а.
= ||
" Ls
ла: =vm
= ud.
ran) : ЫБА.
:Ес ГАЧ
ре
duA.
Rie 1
Te
тй.
аз
O 140b
3. Determine the area bounded by Ше curves y = sin x and y = sin2x.
(OS x37)

[Sol] Finding the points of intersection,

sinc = sin2x
sina(1 = 2созх) = 0
i
^ sinx fand cosx = 5
йыт

Over Os x = m, the x-coordinates of the points of intersection are:

7

3
хед.—т

The graph is shown below.

Letting 5 be the area,

|
5 | (sin2x — sinx) dx +fөөх = sin2x)
dx
ү

ын - >соз2х+ сова
|+ |өзе» Всовох|

РА
 KUMCON' O 141
O 141a Applications of Integrals 2
Time : 19 < Date

Letting 5 be the area bounded by the curves x = f(r) and y = 200)

(a S15 B). the x-axis and the two lines x = а and x = b, (where r= 0)
8 a
s- ||ујах = |(8 (f QD 4. а = Да). b= ЛВ). а < Ь

1. Given that for each real valuc of t, there is a point with coordinates (х. у).
where x = 2: — 5 and y = 1 — 1, let / be the line formed by the set of these
(x, y) points. Determine the area bounded by linc /, the x-axis and the two
lines x = —2 and x = - 1.
3
[Sol] When x = —2. ! =
When х = - 1, г-12|
As shown on the graph, cach value of t corresponds to a point whose
coordinates are (x, y).

Thus, thc curve (от! = 5101-2 and the x-axis bound the shaded area.

Де,
s- | уйх
-2

[rs * dx
(2
|

= |e- 1):2

к 2 4-4
O 141b
2. Given that for each real value of f, there is a point with coordinates (x, v),
where х= 15 — 4 and y = N — 1, letan be the line formed by the set of these
(x, у) points. Determine the area bounded by line г, the x-axis and the line
хаeru ра”

(Hint: Find the x-intercept of the curve.)

[Sol] When y = 0, ; = >

7 3
When
hen xe= ——.
4! 1 = —>

As shown on the graph, cach value of t corresponds to а point whose

coordinates are (х,у).

Thus.thecurve from = 7to 5andthex-axis bound theshaded area

| 3 dx
5 а аа

}
= |(21 — 1)(21)dt
}
}
= 2|(26 — t) di
i

„23 1.
22, se]
е!-

Хад!
~
n3
 KUMCON' O 142

ER.

|. Determine the arca of the cycloid generated by x = a(8 — sin).

у = a(1—cos@) and the x-axis, when a > 0 and 0 5 x = Јат.
[501] The curve intersects the x-axis when a(1 — cos) = 0.

Thus, the x-intercepts are: ([0],0) апа ([2ат |.0)

Аз shown on the graph, cach value of @ corresponds to a point whose

| coordinates are (x, у).
за
рази
струи

A [|
ші
ЫН| |,
мSee
,

-Г (132004: УМ
2: шшшшшш
=SS
SSS
ти:

5 0 л о з а 2 0 | ”
= | з + 1

Note: А cyclo: 4is the path thatа point on the circumference of a circle traces as the |
наме a straight linc.
“авсrolts
O 142b
2. Determine the arca in the 1" Quadrant of the figure generated Бу
X = 2t + cost, y = sint, when 0 x < 27.

[Sol] The curve intersects the x-axis when sins = 0,

Ad].

Thus, thc x-intercepts are: (1, 0) and (27 — 1.0)

As shown on the graph. cach value of t corresponds to à point whose

coordinates are (x, у).

і--!
$= | ydx

Шет fr
= | у—ш
|4 : (эт
Am - 1,0)
= |sinr: мада 70 |"0m За Зил CIC

- |(sin— sim r)df 210)

= |(вм ЕД сова
м

ЕТІ
|

0750
1
 KUMCON' О 143
Applications of Integrals 2
=

О 143а
hme :; to

1. Determine the arca in the 1“ Quadrant bounded by x = асот г. y= asin’ г,

the x-axis and the y-axis. (a > 0)
| 1-3-5-...-(n-1)=)
(ша When n 2 aml even, |insane 2:4. TFE FF >

[Sol] As shown on the graph, cach value of t corresponds to a point whose

coordinates are (х, у).
As х varies from о (о d,

( varies (rom —5 to 0,

Letting 5 be the bounded area,

5 T |vas

= ЇЕ
y ^r.dt

са ЈЕsin 1(- За со гш г) а
{
Ї
К зе:|sin*i cos? (di
4
= за:
|sin' ((1— sin^t)dt

1 y
= за|sin*tdt — e| ялгааг

Using
the hint,
13 т ( 35 я)
веза (1-1 )-w( II

ame
О 143b
2. Determine the area іп
the 1“ Quadrant bounded
y= 251п / cos г, the by x = sing,
x-axis and the y-axis,

(ние When пл = 3 алд f

E

odd, |sin" dr = a
=

|
e в — |

lo a)
МУУ
[Sol] As shown on the graph, eac
h value of 1 corresponds to a poi
coordinates are (x, у), nt whose
AS X varies from 0 [0 1.
^ a
г vanes from 0 to >

Letting 5 be the bounded area,

5 = |ух

| : ax
| "red
= |25111605ге COS I di

+
- 2|sint сох t di

|
"s 2 siné(1 — sin? г)

T 1
= 2|singdi – 2|зпи

а -2 cos|= (18)

а а 4
--2(0-1) 3
KUMCON' O 144
О 144 a Applications of Integrals 2
Tune : ^to : Date — Мате

100
| 90% %
| зох |
1. Determine the arca bounded by the parabola у = x7, the x-axis and the
line x = 1 by applying the following method.
[Sol] Dividing the interval 0 = x = | intoл equal parts, cach subinterval
has a width of |— |. Letting Л represent the width of cach subinterval.

since Й = B the values of the [unction " ^ ума

at the left side of cach subinterval are: —
О.м, (2ЛУ-.....Ї( [n—1 ар
Letting 5, represent the sum of the areas
of the shaded rectangles in the graph on
Ше right.
S, " h[0-- п + ZI? +--+ (n-1) A7
2A [D T2 --(n—1)]

Similarly, letting $5 represent thesum ой У

the areas of the shaded rectangles in the
graph on the right,
se а h iht + 23%: + „+ n^ h?)

= Ap?(1? + 224... + п?)

Ass в... >

Thus, the arca bounded by the parabo

the x-axis
la, and x = 1 is |= |

Determining the valuc of the area (or volumc) under a curve by a

scrics of very fine rectangles and determining the value of the limit is
called Integration by Quadrature.
О 144b
2. Using Integration by Quadrature, determine the area bounded by the
parabola y = x*, the x-axis and the line x = а. where a>O

[Sol] Dividing the interval 0 = x = а into n equal parts, cach subinterval

has a width of =

$, = h[h? + (21): +--+ (пћ):)

= hi1? + 2: +...
ф n?)

-(2) полно
п 6
| a’
ие lim
ит, = Е
—
=

Alternate Solution:
5' = ИО + IP+ (2h)? + --- + (л-і1) |
= Wil? + 2: + (п- И?
3 (
2)(a= Dn(2n- 1)
n 6

S= msanS
1
3 комом О 145
7 О 145а Applications of Integrals 2
i Timne : to: Date ____ Мате

[100%|
1. Let the function у = f (x) form an unbroken curve over the interval
а= x 5 b, and assume f (x) > 0 over this interval. Usin g Integration by
Quadraturc, determine the area bounded by y = f (x), the x-axis, к = a and
х=, |

е РЕШЕ

[Sol] Dividing the interval a = x = b intonequal parts, let the pointsof

subdivision be:
Жо» Хү, Eye ea Хул, Жа, зах. РЕТ Ж,

ае Xp. b= x,

_ Letting / be the widthof cach subinterval,

= RewritingS,

2.5 lim 2, fix)

теті.
 іт
E

О 1450
te
2. Using Integration by Quadrature, cvaluate cach of the following defini
intcgrals.
i
(1) |x^dx

[Sol] Dividing the interval 0 5 x = 1 inton equal parts,

сета
the width of each interval is Л = =:
k
Letting the subdivision points be x, = = hk (К=0.1.7.....п),
р а
|
|
єв = дээж
lim тер
> (x?) |

5 (hk
5 ( ге) ) = 2|
2,0% |-h]» А 2,УК в.

-1141 CB) COE

« [47 ва (11 ШЕ
0 5) ЖИ Н
ЙН ai
aba
2.
мы
лл
мл
UP
WF
а
ж
аVж

(2) | хах
[Sol] Dividing the interval15х = 3 inton equal pasts,
| 2
the width of cach inter val is л = =,
2k | |
роіпіз Бе y, "1t
Letting thesubdivision z.... n).
= ЖАК (Ke0.1,
5
[Pm
|
Хо h)
аман Ты].

$3. h)
Жо мем
ZUФаза+ hk) Л! кум УК
ыза
а342an > > +A"

Эг]
cen панов, yAOD
-41+1) +eoe г).qi) (sincen = 2)
2, E -4+8+6+2=20
 KUMCON' O 146
O 146a Applications of Integrals 2
=="

зай
іе!
әзіл
да!
ас
а
_т=н”
|

Let f(x) be continuous over as т b.

Dividing the interval into л equal parts, where the subdivision points
can be expressed as:
Ach Хү. As, тэ Х

| а = Хо Баг

| | m^] ^ |
йг | lim 21/0) М) lim 0 (ха) +h] = |f(x)dx

Convert cach of the following limits into a definite integral and then
evaluate the integral.
TEIMTEIEN
pam s
yРе Ec пе
а x
[S
лы. 2b к= 14747. Р,

prTTTIEUPEPEUETECIOO
pDÉUEPEMETITEe.UUUEPEU
әде
әзіз
«ли
си"
с
_
зала!
«о.
«ои
оци
РИ
<=.
см
а.
"ои
о
ыа
PЕЗЕРА
«и
"и
о
|
а
"<=
=
цм
р
р
и
о"
а
иы
Го
а
аа
,|
ли
„он
pr

O 146b
| | | | |
(2) + ——-+=
li"(1+. UU айы шая аң cum

"lim| =| 14+ tS |
=
===)

fi f

- [Awl
* lun F^ тег |
сеје "el Р tod

"
T
dx
FE
| 1
- мазо

(3) Шер "nt ues)

127
deal
Convert cach of the following limits into a definite integral and then
evaluate the m
| 1
е Tee"vem ЕСІ.
О 147b
Эл
(3) himЈЕ (сол

telet e 4-2)
n + cos — de 2222]
п,

за So)
2 (222
| |
- = СЕ ||

-0

Е 2 2
ЩЕ (cosam
(4) lim Z. Е E
дара = пт]
22150555
=)|

Й ғ

-tim ох)
 KUMCON' O 148
О 148a Applications of Integrals 2
Time |: to

Convert cach of the following limits into a definite integral and then
evaluate the integral.

O tin CS [Asin=)
= tim[5|»=ча(„)/)
|

ка (ажsin(mx)dx

: Ч
= = конст + |соток
ü
л!
=] + | ШЫ!

=
а
aue
=147
„ЕН
i55111
ы»
ч1
= |
ғылы
Lio
ре
zra
cnet
" nilo
ЧF=; А25қ ^4
Бүү

по im (өө 28)|
ЕЕ са | 20216 к XT)
21 225 trА,” ww ")))
"ri r1

Шыу:
Мага
т – | есожхэйх
Ж
pr.
ХЭХЭ
арs

1! |
== -|сласт |+ |мп (х )d x

| !
( чпл-0)- Ч costra)|

а ==
| 1-1)
 O 148 b

Ф (5 sos)
A |
=limA+
1 2) ——==
ko] | (:)|
n*|4—| =
LUI |

41 s-ue
ZL == ||
ЕУ

= To
4113

"о
(4) Ша АКЕ GRE)

= па
lim|р- Y ——— | ———

рота,
ШЕГЕН)
| d] J

| сэв ex
(реа)

- ы
72 + Хх
|
=3(1 2-15)
тт
|
jn
ыш
 комом" О 149

Convert cach of the following limits into a definite integral and then
evaluate the integral.

(1)

Letting
х =sind, dx = сохб 40
When x 0,0-0 when x = 1,0 = 2:

ЕТИ Fs
z^ lim

ГАЈ | $ |
~ |cos? 040 = 5 (1+ сов20)49

абат: 5
тг

| 2 212

4п2 =k? -1 2cos0- 2cos8 40.

шатыс”)
ав |

Cee
 KUMCON' O 150
О 150a Applications of Integrals 2

n
Са
ат
= ==
=)
нант:
МОК

1. Convert cach of the following limits into a definite integral and then
evaluate the integral.

(1) (535 к“)

lim

ч | mІР(= )|
- lin

P | =- |“dx: 5
О 150b
2. Given that for cach real value ог, there is a point with coord
inates (х, y).
where x = 1+ tand y=2 +r- P, leti be the line formed by the sct of
these (x, y) points. Determine the area bounded by linc
/, the x-axis and the
line x = 2,

[Sol] When y =0, ¢ = 2.

When
x = 2. r=],

As shown on the graph, cach value of t corresponds to а рош! whose

coordinates are (x, y).

Thus, the curve from / = 1 tos = 2 and the x-axis bound the shaded area.

2 dx |
$ = bs adt

1
= |(2. t — УЛ)

= 2 [о +102 ~ ја
|

вп]
[|
-48)
26)

19
 KUMON 0157
О 151a Applications of Integrals 3
Time . : to : Date — —— Marne

| Let У be the volume of the solid between

the planes x =aand x = b, where a <b,
Letting S(x) be the arca of the intersection
of the plane at x with the solid,
T
Y= |Six) dx

|. Given a right circular cylinder of radius a, a wedge iis cut off B a Dine :
through the center of the base at а 45° angle to it. Determine the volume
га: - Ия =
of this wedge.
[Sol] Letting O be the center of the base, R
the x-axis the intersection of the plane '
and the base,
and Р(х, 0) the point where S(x) passes
through the x-axis,
E
S(x) is the area of the shaded rectangular
isosceles APOR (20 = 907) shown at the right.
у:
хүйн

Six) ==РО:po-oR= ОК =РО po!

* S(x) г
b
500% -х)
Letting У be Ше volume.

у = | S(x)dx

Note from the graph that the volume from — a to 0 is symmetric to

the volume from 0 to a.

= |
=з afar eS ay

fe | Поза је at 2
|(a* — x^)dx |aX Я а- = 48
O 151b
2. АВ is a diameter of a circle with center О and a radius a. QR is à chord
perpendicular to AB. APOR (where РО = РК) is an isosceles triangle
in a plane perpendicular to AB. PM is the altitude of the trangle.
Determine the volume generated by APOR as M moves from A to B,
where PM + OM = а.
[Sol] Letting O be the origin,
OB the x-axis, and OM = x,

PM=a-x and
QM = КМ = ма: – х?
^ The area of A РОК = „РМ "ОК |

= 5(a~x)-2Va?— xi = (a— хуМа:- х:

Letting У be the volume,

=? |(а-х)Уа:- «ах (гот symmetry)

^b
| УЖ cum
Letting x = asin6, dx = асоз040 (-> 2 0 = z)
When x = 0,0 =0; when x = a,0 7.
Since x = asing, Ма — x? = acosó

„И #2 ва = зіп0)“асов0-асов0аб
А
= 2 |(cos*— соу Озіп
0) 40
9
1113 ааа r$ |
-а(| 1992046. |cos'dsinodo )
5 | Ч)

СА, sin 20 T |. costa !

Zu || 3 |
“(5 5 6
 KUMCON' O 152
О 152a Applications of Integrals 3
Титу» - to

Rotating y= f(x) (az: x = р) around the x-axis once forms а solid shape. |
Letling ЖҰ be the radiusat x, а circle forms.
Letting S(x) be the arca of the circle.
5(х) = |f GP = УФЕ
Therefore, letting V be the volume of the
| solid shape.
2
V(x) - =|(х) ах

Similarly, |
Rotating х= /(у) (as ys b) around the y-axis once Rm a solid shapc.
Letting |f ( y)] be the radius at у, a circle forms. та
| Letting S( y) be the area of the circle,
S = Ху) = af f(y)|
_ | Therefore, letting У be the volume of the solid shape,
%

V(y) = "|[/(у)]4у

“1. Determine the volume of the solid generated when the part of the curve
in the 1" Quadrant of y = 1 — Vx is rotated around the x-axis.
“(Бо Since the function intersects the y-axis at x = 0 and intersects
the
х-ахіѕ atx 1,

Ver е - Ухрах
1
-" |(1-2х! + x) dx

1
22-2 ж Ї- у + 5х
s o
О 1526
2. Given the region bounded by у = In x, its t:angent line which
passes
through the origin, and the x-axis. complete the following
exercises.
(a) Determine the equation of the tangent line,
|
[Sol] Since у’ = z^ the tangent line at (xj, In xj) is y — In x,
со _Хү).
Since the tangent line passes through the origin,
— тд, = -|
„ду =e
Thus, the equation of the tangent line is:

= —X
2

(5) Determine the volume of the solid when it із rotated around the x-axis.
[Sol] Letting V be the volume,
ғ t
Vx "|(5) ах-т| (Inx)?dx

(ға = x(inx)*— ра . та

= x(Inx)? -2(xInx - x) + C
= x(Inx)? -2xInx - 2x + C

“Veg meal a|хавь) 2xInx + 2x |

e Rie
221718
= "3^ T(e —2e
+ 2e — 2) -«(2- те)

(с) Determine the volumeof the solid when it is rotated around the y-axis.
[Sol] Rewriting y = Inx, ха
RewriИting у = I.
23 реа
х=
: Г
Thus, V = у |(е7)ду- п |(ey)*dy
0
 Ic de Cu 1-4

unjd the X axis.

№
|Sol 1уана "2+
um. —3)*x—
Whe х=3. ха.
y 53) ш =т -х+$
е — 2 +
|.
O 153b
2. Determine the volume generated when the region bounded by the curve
| Am zu |
y=sinx + cosx (0sxx 2T and the x-axis is rotated around the x-axis.

[Sol] Letting V be the volume,

,
у = "| (sinx + cosx)^dx

= У |(1 + 2sin.xcosx) dx

15
сред

“2
6

а"
3-1

|- (зт +2)|
 комом" О 154
О 154 а Applications of Integrals 3
{1
2%

|. When the circle © + (y — ay = £ is rotated around the x-axis, the

surface gencratcd is called a torus. Determine its volume when 0 < r = a.
ха

[Sol] The circle x7 + (y — a) = £P is |уер cea

formed by ап upper and lower ЕЛ ТЕР
part, whose equations are:
^- mom oum зан аш ши eS am i

... (D. and

.. (2), respectively.
====
=

LettingV be the volume of the torus, | -” | 7] ку

Ven!(a+ VPyd n|@- vez ера:
- |(a+ Ve xy a
- Ма так
= за |da
VP=,

га taz| ах

= 2 т т
Letting x = ги, dx = rcostd! (-== (==)

When х = 0, t£= 0; when 1 01225

SOVeB8m сові гсоѕ га:

f
вари |соз

a Bar Б| + cos2t ,

зашан + па = Jara
О 154b

2. Determine the volume generated when the ellipse 9 + y*— [is rotated
around the line y — 5.

[Sol] Rewriting = +=,

]
у = Зам 0--ү?

Translating the ellipse —5 units along the y-axis,

у= -55-49-1 2
3 -3 )
i >» i 4
i i
, 4
% L
i L|
i à
! ||
i *
i !
я - |

Letting V Бе the volume,

4 р | | |

7-4 3

2"| Мб бах =" у

[
- ) | |

Letting x = 3sint, dx = 3cosidi (

т
When x = 0.1 = 0,when x = 3,12 2

„Из от|scost-cond
1

= 120m|costed

= 120% [2
5T yr

| ?
САС
= On?
г 1. Determine the volume generated when the region bounded by the
70 curves y "i * + 1 and y = — à + 2x + 2 5 rotated around the x-axis.
[Sol] Finding the points of intersection,
к+к+1е-к
+ 2к+2
2 -к-1-0

Letting И be thevolume.

| (Coat
+ 2x +2)? - (х €x + 1) dx | Пи

| (760 738
+бх+Зах
sh |
О 155b
2. Determine the volume generated when the region bounded by the
curves y = x(2 — x) and y = .x*(2 — x) is rotated around the x-axis.

[Sol] Finding the points of intersection,

2x — p 2290
- ү?
= 3 +2 =
х(х-21х-1)-0
х:
0, 1.2

Letting V be the volume,

Ven [tes-PP Qv dete |(28-8)? (2х — х2) јах

" = [ч=-4r — Зи + Ах?—1*)dx tef- 4х +34 +45 — 4х1)ах

язя -18 84-11 + a ee= + о-о].

3.2 1 18 DR 9 — XA12з 4
nc IAG my tide 2)-(7:343"1-3)
KUMON’ O 156
О 156a Applications of Integrals 3
Timo к: Date Name

1, Determine the volume generated when the region bounded by the curve
y= Vx sine (05 х = Vz) and the x-axis is rotated around the x-axis.

[Sol] sin x? = О when x? = 0, т, 27...

or when x = 0. “Ут, V/2z., ...

Letting И be the volume,

РА

У = т (Тамак Гах

- «| хал? хах

Letting 4v
du=2xdx

When х, и = 0:
When x= Vr. ист
z | SAEI
AV 5 |за uilu

[=т=
өх 4
ти!
тв 5sin2u|

"(т -0)- (0- 0)

т:
О 156b
2. Determine the volume generated when
3

the region bounded Бу Ше curve

= < * | ч ч
| г

yx —2x + 1 and the line у = 1 is rotated around the

x-axis,
[501] Finding the points of intersection,

х-— 27 + | =]
хїх-2)-0
үлт ON

Letting V be the volume,

2
Veg |[(1)1— (x7 - 2x + Зах
2
= ЯТ
(—x'-
48 — 6x" + 4x)dx
а---
14
7 -37t +23]
——,

"(ср + 16-16+8)-0]
си
|

alg
комом О 157
| О0157а Applications of Integrals 3
% Тіте Це to 4 [Date Мата

|. The two curves y = sin and у = cosx bounded by x = 0 and r = = form

а region, Determine the volume generated when the region 15 rotated
around the x-axts.

yr чае

1 SLM
T | 4

= [Sol] Letting V be the volume,

үзэл | (соѕх– sirdi + п | (six —cosx)dx

1 Е
МЕ 2xdx * т |(-cos2xyds
i

|
"|. 1 шыл i
| 5 Ер 5 |in2x .

т
“22
| Ка region being rot ate
d is partly above and partly be
rotation, then when the re =
low the axis of
gion is rot
ated, there will be an over
Part. Any part that causes lapping
Overlapping can be disreg
arded.

2. Determine the volume

generated when the region
У = х? — 2x and the line У = bounded by the curve
2x is ro tated around the X-axis,
[Sol] Finding thc points of in
tersection,
(X —2x а?у
Х7-4с-0
x(x—4)-0
х (4

When the region is rotated

around the
X-axis, there is an Overlapping par
t.
This part, below the x-axis, that
causes
overlapping can be disregarded.
Letting V be the required volume
,

У = «| Фа - | (x? —2x)?dx

МЕЛ > "Ге — 4x) + 4v)dy

4 42224245 | `
(256N
(5 о) ”|(40<=23 200 096=126 ) (920 3
) (3 6-2)
7М4т
15
KUMCON' O 158
O 158a Applications of Integrals 3

1. Determine the volume generated when the region bounded by the curve
y 7 X — 3x and the lines у = 2x and y — r is rotated around the x-axis.

[Sol] Finding the points of intersection,

xX-—3x-2x
х2— 50 = 0)
х(х-5) 20
х= 0:5.

х —Зх=-х
Х1-2х-0
х(х-2)-0
х=
(), 2

When the region із rotated around the

x-axis there is an overlapping part. This
overlapping part can be disregarded.

Letting
V be the required volume,

Ver [гош ^s «| —3х)*4х

ага

nepote
-a [<— 6x? + 90) их

«хар
 а"

О 158b
п Зп
2. The two curves у = sinxand y = cosx bounded by x = 4 and х = 547 form
а region. Determine the volume generated when the region 15 rotated
around the x-axis.

=,
=
zm
5
a4а

|501) When the region is rotated around the x-axis there is an overlapping
part. This overlapping part can be disregarded.

Letting V be the required volume.

У => ЕС — (соға:
| 20

Ба |пис. Ба |ко

Ex = „рази
ЕИ И
= (т +6)
5
 ET

комОм 0159

(ті: 1.Given the cycloid. r*a(0—sin0), у

= a(1—cos0), where 020 27
anda > 0, determine the volume generated when the cycloid is rotated
around the x-axis,

[Sol] Letting У be the volume,

| лт
1% - и | у24х
0
av
mmy. 54446

пе
=m | а11-соз0)::а(1- cose)46
ал Е
—

pe
=ar | (1 — соч0)740

Mp

(15
eal I =

ы рају + Зат! са
- |cos 0410 + 201 cos Osin edh
 О159р
< |
2. Given: x = tan8 and у = 20820, т т
where — 1303 4
(a) Find the coordinates of the
points where the graph intersect
s the x-axis.
[Sol] When у = 0, соз20 = 0. т т
^M = + ~ би + —
Therefore, х = (апд = + |
Thus, the x-axis intersections are:
(— 1.0) and (1.0)
(b) Find the volume generated whe
n the curve is rotated around the х-а
хв,
[Sol] The graph of the curve is shown below.
Letting V be the volume,

Sinc e m
—
соз:20
Since соѕ
(2соуйд- 1):
ж 40002 — 4 +up
:9 > cos ý Cor с
1
>
Y = 2a |(соо рүү
4+ zi; 46
^ |
-2 |(260820 А,
7 2 148

и
= ЕР + tand — »|

-24(( + | - 2)

-ж(4-т)
‚комом
‚ O160a Applications of Integrals 3 Е
Timeo : to

| [. Determine the volume generated when thc cllipse 9725. 1 rotated

around the line x = 4.

ха =у
[Sol] Rewriting 9057 1,

^ Ме
TIT
F
| Translating the ellipse -4 units along.
К the x-axis,

Letting У be the volume. |

22) (-4-5/5 =>) -(-443у5-9) Jay

= z |а № 25 — уу

Letting у = 58 0, dy = 550500 (-1<ө-:)

2
вх
When y*0, 0-0; wheny=5, 0=
9% $

!
= (т |со87040
1

| !
= Т % 1мада)
~ ia

= 20:7
О 160 b
2. Determine the volume ge
nerated when ше region bo
curves у= sinx + Tand y= unded by the
cosx+] (05 x 5 27) is rotate
the x-axis. d around

[Sol] Finding the points of intersect

ion, уа
sink + 1 = совх + |
SIN. = cosy

This occurs at

ДЖЕ жүдей d

Letting V be the volume.

И = «| өөх+ 1) – (cosx + 1)4х

1

«| өөх — COS x+ 2sin

r= 20050) dx
f

=a [ (costes 2sin.x —
2Ccosx) dx
f

= "|- зах - 2cos.x — 2<іп |is

| (-1-у%- м)
KUMCON' O 161
O 161a Applications of Integrals 4
 O 161b

и) ырым 1ге 142 | ees :

(2) у 8 Ja (15х52)

[Sol] y = ar + ax74

dy ш 1r'-ако
= =
dx 2* 2

Letting L be the length of the curve.

1 2

xil (кк Зак

ШЕГІ 33
16 | -5
121 | :
(3) у= 105 tg (15х52)

[Soi]27
эг 22 5)

Letting L be thelength
of the curve,

t-f 1+ (Бюро)
4 204 пл
u
dy т |
ара
|

- WE (x*
a x^*|ах
1

анис
тстай
jie:
u
XiІн)
алас?
"ms
Fy ыы;
Дей
p 1 ete
Ета
мит
eor
ык
|
 jmi 53

|
'
j
ща

|
Й
à
[! i
i

Ee
тЕ LE
га*А
ы
М 3КЕри!=v{-
=гT.Pera
à= =i!
З, = .Y=
=д

қанты
ЦЭР
"TTE
Керле,
тE
|~
ы”
vEEAm cgг
А,
=.
=„=
111
„БА
|=
"Ti
=
|""au"
., =Н|i.= liч : .
=
Te
(жв1ir
жы
LE
V 4i imos
idis
am
сали
в
а
ашса
н
ши
i|
od
meae
шш
сишао
слови
=
Romeo
masa
шашса
osos
ве
Вай
mm
cx
а/ш
иee
ee
и
боси
|лишити:
ЕWlan
dп:
пси

ажа: Ри е ——
О 163b

[Sol] y ur

Letting L be the length of the curve.

2 Dp
L= | МТ 4а

- |. 40
LettinIngg xx = —апб
zane. ах = 20820 (=:т7 <0<254
т
7)

When х=0, 9=0

M Са
Rn х=. ИО
Substituting,
i ( | тdo
Е ШЫ; 3:3) |= |соз20
[ane ялд tan
2= [=ЗЕ | соке^
= (е
Su ERE

И:E

3% X
ЕЕ“Wii
да ог
727E гаг
: Ж гаг

Ur sind 1) 2.2424

= Тал Ын| р m
1 Ге 52 ра " Ж АҒЫ ы ' = 1 rire bre Е " . "

! н * iu == reta. = pn ТЭ Mey Lin rette 1 2

T ы pit=} “ОРтақала
Dorr etтығы
qv f Нар
ылу Бер
ELT МЕНда : : BL

2)
al =.
”+ = 4
1 1
E EN 342 mRETE
Pe yi тақ. Lu
3 НАР 3 ro
z С г ELI? posl па
Ki Шал!
Такеда 23 2 л T миH
1 - очи? ew 1 4 i
as од АД са тт om : ui Pod EA
1 "epu Nr = Р, П = I - Да, =F.
! KUM С) М: О 164
О 164 а Applications of Integrals 4
Ы8 5 бие һм

amol ЕЕ —* Өз- ү
Іп each exercise, determine the length of the given curve.
| 3 35s (03x 8)
(D) у= 6-26 +12

sa а-а
Letting L be the length of the curve,

\| 1ed- Te els
E o
ER *
| 16
E |
Ко = [уе
3.
vm 34. ==27
3 Е +84] 2
Q) у= ы (0=х=2)

Letting L be the length of the curve,

L= [Vis dear
bee ала 2:
| a et
7206 x = 21116,
Letting =
Писта? od S =)
(-2 |
When x=0, 9-0
п
When х>2. =
mf 2 A |

А | (сага)|~ сод
._- n ад. | sind т de ГЕ
a E
23 “алі- (о [2

thaws и]
eLb- М? + ш(1» Uo
 COO O

О 164b

(3) у=шх (15х:5У3)

[S01] = = !

Letting L be the length of the curve,

Ұл т: м |
Ї = | үл» аі | (vs T)ax
| ;
|
:
Letting <= land, (са:
І
а (-2< <>)
cos* 0 2 2

When x= l, =

When х= VA. фе.

Substituting,

Ds [|
АЛ(ап0? + ( d іш
! land — Vcos?0,
Ч
M 48
|, sind cos?0
sin! + cos! 0
40
sind cos?0
sind 1
Ie. sind,jd
“|+:1 е

ЕТТЕ
,cosó 2 |сой+ |

“|
(|1544
=2-V2+In мм)
 KUMCON' O 165

Tere оро Date Мала

хү +)
— | d-| —— | dt
di „је =

_ Incach exercise, determine the length of the given curve.

P ве ше
E (1) |- 5 sing (05:51)
Bo ym cost

PY i
[Sol] Chie e sin!
e АВИИ— e cast, dy. и de
dr" 7 С сок! зи
Letting L be the length of the curve,

L={\ c"(sini +
|

cost)?+(cost — sinz)dt
41
ЕД

-У2| еш

= V2 (е-1)

Pope
ШІ 2
у=
TIN OP
(nu)
|
‚2
[Sol] E= 2e*— 26 —= 4

Letting 1.be the length ofthe curve,

-Í 4(e — ey? + 164
n
- 2 |(е-е ult

-aljeше 5|
2 2)
6-өзеші
ч6-5-е,1.
 -
“алты
ми 2:
= ны AdTES “Ж

АИДА
SSH
t I".
WIE

Ма
Auч HET
F
4
 In cach exercise, determine the length of the given curve.

90 | | 14х
Cs 4 ду -

E Letting 1. bc thelength of the curve,

ЕЕ2 5 | L= [vєє

= У2 |еш

м
“У2(е-1)
(0) p зеде (0=0=т)

4 |
во a = rCosÓ, do А “гї
i

EE E iS hsinh of the curve,

Letting L be the le ngthof the curve,
T
C^

си"

sin*t cost 480 со (аг

" i=

и--1
 KUMON:
0167. 1 th a Applications of inte
grals 4 чті

In each exercise. determ

ine the length of the gi
ven curve
(1) |уза+е:
(15:54)

ах _ Чу
ign ене
Letting /.bethelength of

|
thetine.

-ё—
-6-06-|

о ЕсIng
Дугізіш (45452)

-% |7“
1
М

т Уи |
| i
= \ 2In2
 О 1676
(3) f = sin! — cost 47
у = sint + cost (os. = z)
һә

Secor
|
wx
] dt ИР. a
ду
7T = COSÍ Е — sins

Letting L be the length of the curve.

Ч Т E Е
L= |V (cost + sint)? (cost = sin)? dit

7
cos тт
+ 2costsintныс +“абт sin?!
атаға ъ 2.
+ cos?t — 2cosrsint + sinpnidi
г
кз |Уа

м
„Ут
2

(4) | rar
| (15158)
уте

еп dX а dy _
[501] de 38, PF med

LettingL be the length of the curve,

L» |Мор + 9r di

= favP+ [di

[ее
Ja

“69-2
і

[= 65\/-65
2\/2]
Md
Дай. ні

"ПГ Па Г
да pm т
"
= || Е |
Ы»! neu "Li
nV n
Lucre ја.
. pat
г г
БЕТ ТВ = gree

_ 32 5 the length ofthecurve in the 15

Go
атте
 Oooo İC

O 169b
2. Dect
teer
rmmi
inne
e the volumeggenerated
when the region bounded
curve у= а" (a>0) and th өс by the
the x-axis, с lines x = Папа r = 1 is rotated around
(Hint: consider the differ
ent cases for a)
[Sol]
(a) When а > |, (ће graph of
the curve is shown below,
Letting V be the volume,

И = | (a^) dx
|
Ви » |аға

Ес!
z [zina
Sis
за
(b) When а = 1, the graph of
the curve is shown below.
Letting V be the volume,

V= “|(1*)?dx
!
-”| ах

(с) Whea<
Би n1,the graph of the curve issh
own below.
Letting V be the volume,

| и)

ня [as

5"|]
2та
теа)
трити,
ч)D АЕ =
vu
ЕТ ач 2
ч аа

Letting 1. be the lengthofthe сигу

 d a SS
S

O 170b
;
3. The two curves у = sinд
and y = cosx bounded | Бух T т
= - 4 and by x = 4
form a region. Determine the
volume generated when the
rotated around the х-ахк.
region is

[Sol] When the region is rotated around the x-axis there

part. This over is an overlapping
lappin
par
g t can be disregarded,

-:7(т +6)
 O 171b
2. Given the curve y= f(x) and the
point K(x, y) on il, assume the slope
К is always 1 unit greater than the val at
ue of the x-coordinate of point A,
Determine the equ ation of the curve.
m оз ота
[Sol] Since the slope at point K is іс

dy
— wx] xt
dx 9

Intcgrating both sides with respect to x.

ум eC ...@)

Thus, the equation of the curve is y= Pe + х

+ С.

3. Given the curve у = f(x) and the point M(x

, y) оп И, assume the slope at
M can be expressed as the reciprocal of the valu
e of the x-coordinate of
point M. Determine the cquation of the curve.
dy
[Sel] Since the slopeatpointMis27,
P eT ..0)

Integrating both siwit

dhe res
s pect to x,
уз шх + С apu -©

Thus, the equation Of the curvis

e y = Inx + С.
 KUMON
О 172а
Тгле : № 2-2. Дада
5 а. АPс
=ae
=.ит
plied
cq

|, НӨ", "Ws
Бага
гета

TIE.

In cach exerczez, obtain a dulere

| ntud equatrron бу сала л tho АМАР
тилeРае
ттт E
constant c from the given equation. | скачайте

Ех. | у=сх+1
[Sol] From the given. у = сх + | iei
Differentiating both sides of(T)with respect to
x.
di с
ји
„оне!
T=

“- |

22 Eliminatingcfrom(0)and@.

_ (1) yac? ...@

[Sol] Differentiating both
Ду sides of О,
© with rSees to х,
ју“ 2сх s»
Eliminating c from (1) and (2),
Чу ју
ік х
(2) у=2сх—х
+]
[Sol] Differentiating both sides of with re: " |
| | со; ^ respect
ресто to x and
and rearearrangin
"ing,

2X dx )e
Eliminating c from (1)and 9),
fy |
(тих

уЕ
жі!
шей
тте
р
=i
тае"
г.
p
ылу”.

Е х а+ |
Г.
5 "1
вzd
ГЭЛ:
=4 ^t
=

EКы
dau
Ыы”
РЕНЕ
mM
er
[ES
dr
іт»
iptлат
inr
Чыл
„н-т
аКзeД
Наян
Ева

ха са

Thus, AAS Zak

dx X
 О172р
(3) y*= dey
(Т)
[Sol] Differentiating both
sides of (D with respect to
| x.
Фу
2y——
2) dz m dc... Q
Eliminating c from (D and
(Q2),
| d'y
у = 2xy т

n ауу
dx 2х

(4) с жу:а с
[Sol] Differentiating both sides
with respect to x.
dy zm)
j—
222) dx
: dy = 0
Тиш 4х y

(5) (х— с)? + уг = |

О,
[Sol] Differentiating both side
s of @ торса lox,
dy p
га +2 о -
| KUMON'
fr

Ta
йч

"eun
O 173a Differential Equations 1
“а, Е

n.

ET

Nc
50

n
DIR

ь Й,
Е da

ша

m.
үч,
="

| z

In cach exercise, obtain a differential equation by сі

iminating the arbitrary
Er
г.
1) оч

т:

1.
ЕТІ
Li
constant c from the given equation.

Ч
=.

E
m
(1) y*ce' <O
[Sol] Differentiating both sides of (D with respect to
=
Ex.

Eu. х.
ЕТЕ dy
Hin
Те
"E = се ...2)
rag
Er
"Y.
- a
p.
Ве.
Eliminating с from both (1) and (2),
dy.
Dn.
лү
! T Lar

De M.
» АД.
19
ка

dx
E
Et

i
| 3; a
21

iro
ES.
D

P.

No у = c(cosx)
Ч.

TAO.
ve

[Sol] Differentiating both sides of (D with respect 10

| ne:

х.
|
^4

Чу ;
=, ела

“Қы

Че” 7 сзіпх
ri |
28)
г
тұ х
яв. "т
ха”
...@)
is

Eliminating c from both (1)and (2),

m alli

х Levon
КЕ ЕЕ. m,

rfr
Dx
“ау 1
Dir | n
(2-3). "COSE = хаус
n

i
bee

` - uda dx lanx
m

Ры:
Ще ие
Bell

е.
=2 | t
- 5 ын!
Ёс г,
тыг
аа е|
Lanes

"Tes -
ба
ТЕЗ
АРДЫ
а
ыла
ара
те zia r.
БУХА! р
а та
[LC
|:

БЛ
ari
1:2
20 |

m
Җа
|

ыы
д
3
y = Зеје
L e |

ии both sides of © with respect

toх.
Құл

eo
eee
БЕКЕ
ECT dy
dx
pur
|
Вивер с from both Oand (2),
n

= 2y
 O 173b
x sinr
(4) у 52
що,
[Sol] Differentiating
both sides OfCD with
respect tox.
Чу l
dx g ©05х e
Eliminating c from bo
th (D and ©,
(4) |
8 | а о аа ( ау
"MD
dx cosy m -—. (ап
dx
dy
Thus, = = 2
dx tanx

(5) y=—c(tanx)
210
[Sol] Differentiating both
sides of (1) with respect
dy _ (0х,
1
ДЕ 5 ас
"©
Eliminating c from both
22
Y = (cos? 2:5
E "tanx

шірaуy
ге fa (онази и
e и

Thus, “у a
ax УП СОЗ
 In cach exercise, obtain a differential equali on
by eliminating the arbitrary
constanis A апа В from the given equation.

| (1) у=лд+в
38 [Sol] Diffcrentiating both sides with respect
to x,
ду re
ах | Ах 0
Differentiating both sides again with respect
to x,
2-а]

үкыз
ЕУ
у
е аайын
Батан
hs

15 3 x
о у =>зА + „Вх

E [Sol] Differentiating both sides with respect

о х,
Ер -Bx 2203
Differentiating both sides again with respect(0
х,
фу 3 |
de2"
о 2 Фу | 2
Therefore, Ве 1 49 | О).
Substituting
© into (0),
И.)«к
ік
 О 174 Ь

(3) уж (r= А) + В

[Sol] Differentiating both sides wit

h respect [0 х,
пура
=== 2[х— А)
dx
Differentiating both sides agam
with respect to x,
Фу
Ет

dx

(4) y= (х- A)? — (x- В):

[Sol] Differentiating both sides with
respect to x,
Y o А)-2(х- B)
ах
Differentiating both sides again with
respect (0 x,

(5) y= Asinx+Bcosx – 1
Ко
[Sol] Differentiating both sides of (Т)
with respect to х,
2 = Acosr — Bsinx
dx
Differentiating both sides again
with respect (0 x.
dy |
dis>= = Asi
Asnxin—x Bcos Bcosx | |
“0(2)
Eliminating A and В from (1)and (2,
| 5-р
Јикіт
аrri
—Ыр
= Antium
fe

l. Show tha"
t dy the following functions
is a solution to the differential

ЕЕ
[501] Differentiating y = х with respect to х
Ene d | гэн
Бата ТАМЫ ы ЫН : |
Си
па
A —
E i|
283
| Squaring 5)һae

T 2
| (2) yer +2041 -
| [Sol Differentiating у= E + 2x + | with respect tox

s mera

(2)
dx
= (4x7 + 8х + 4)
747
+ 2г + 1)

Телі, dd Я
(43)
:|
уж(х+с)2 | (wherecisa constant)
МЕ `Од

2 [Sel]Differentiating y= (x + c)? with respectitow

5 Е => а и: 2

в
dx tte)
(81:22
"oe та (X + с)"
О 175b
2. Show that cach of the following functions is а solution to the differential
ual (4)
сдиацо dx = 1616у,

(1) у= dr
[Sol] Differentiating у = 4x? with respect tox,
ду.
dx ы;

пм.
(2) 64x

(2) ул4х-12х%9
[Sol] Differentiating y = 4x? — 12x + 9 with respect to х,
dy _ |
Ji 8х 12
3
(2) = 64х? — 192х+ 144
dx

16у

(3) y-(2x*c) (where cis constant)

[Sol] Differentiating у = (2x + с)? with respect (0 х,
4
“2 2(2х +с):2
dx
«42x + c)
РУМ
(2)
dx
= 16(2х + с)?
= [бу
 |. Show thatcachofthefollowing functi
ons is a solution to thediffcrentia
equation у= реу D

(1) у= х
[Sol] Differentiating у = x with respect to

й 0
х.

ыee
LUCI
CAYTRA-— Substituting into the LHS of (1),
dy
227713»
ст.)
т"
n

mL р

Substituting
into theLHS
of(©).
dy |
qty" | + му

МЕЗЕ
+ (x — Seo") 1+ x
(3) y*x*cC€* — (wherecisa constant)
Е cnuaüng y* + се with respect to x.
ily
— | = се“
dx
Substituting
into the LHS of (1),
SE. ym] — се к ү
“к

22126073 (Кесе 5| a
 O 176 b

2. Show thate
cach of the foll
owing functions
Cquation 2 jIS à solution to
с Ул201-х the differenti
al
) 210)
(1) у-2;
[Sol] 2.
УЗ 2х with resp
ect to х.
РЕ =”.
заарinto
~ LHS of (т
),
dy
dx ey
“2-2-2(1
-х)

(2) у=2х—5е‹
[Sol] Differentiat
ing Ут2х- Se!
with respect to х,
dy :
252- 296
Substituting into
the LHSof (y,
dy
ах |ym--a-зcaе) |
“2-4. (2
—5x
20) = 2 72хч 2(1-х)
(3) у=2х+ се
" (where c is а Con
[Sol] Differentiat stant)
; ng y = 2x+ се
“with respect to
x.
22 24 ce"
Substituting intoth
e LHS ог),
Форте
,
T2 * ce'— (25
+ cet)
“2-2-2/|
=r)
 > |
=’. _
а аи

ғ,
TEES.
|

(Бой Integrating both sides withrespect tox,

1!

| [Sol]Integrating both sides with r

i
1
O 177b

шил dx |
(Hint: More than onc constant may be used.)
[Sol] Rearranging the original equation,
Фу
~ =

dx
Integrating both sides with respect to х,
ээ
dx х)
|
m ---- + С
2х- |

гу ( = Ж + C; јах

T +C +С, (where С, and С, are arbitrary constants)

(4) Ме =2
[Sol]Rearranging the original equation,
Фу 2
de МЕ
Integrating
both sides with respect to x,

dx |Ven
24Vx + С,
у= |зуг + С) )dx

8, 5
= i +Сж+ Су (where C, and C, arc arbitrary constants)

>ч кух + С «c
 =

|
эш 'ж саж:

г
 O 178b
| d*y
(4). — = де"
dx: 5
[Sol] Integrating both sides with respect to x,
dy
=== | хе!" ат
dx

= хе = |“ах

мо де — et + С,

„у= 2 е С )4х

=з [хс'ах- |
ех + |
Cdx

= xe" =g) -е“ +С + С,

= е —22' +ЉС FC.

( түсіп Х005Х

[Sol] Integrating both sides with respect(0 x.

тр LCOS X dX

= rine- |нөхөх

= xsinx + cosx + С,

„у= |xsinx + cosx + С.) х

= |амахах + |созхах + [сах

EX (-xcosx + [cosxdx) +в
Cx Су

= — кеовх + 2sinx + Cx + С,
1 (1) ex = sinx + cosx
E ^U
а [Sol] Integrating
both sides with respect to x.
E| у= [(sinx+ cosx) dx

2 = —Osx + sing + С

dy т Зсозх f
dx их
[Sol] Integrating both sides with respect to x,
| Е
y= dx
sinx
в

Lettingu = sin x,

dv
= = sInxcosr
dx
[Sol] Integrating both sides with respect to x.
уш [sinxcosxax

Letting «= sin x,
Ped ве fuau

a
are a
jsin С
(боп ўntegrating both sides with respect (ох,
t
dy |
a n хах

*xinx -х+С,

m 2 —x*Cidx
ду2

i х
n а х - |d x [сах
Е fe

сж а х= +Сүх +С,
 О 180

- to Е Date Мата

1. Obtain a differential equation by climmating the arbitrary constant с

E from the given equation.
| y*-csinx BO
= [501] Differentiating both sides of (1) with respect го x.
E dy
Eus == = —cícosr) EENG)
ES dx | (2)

E Eliminating c from both (1) and (2),

E Їym
Jai
 О 180 b
3. Solve cach of the following differential equations,
eee ay ~ Е
(1) —=2ж-х
dx

[Sol] Integrating both sides with respect to х,

y p [ex ES Xx)
dx

= Le - ye+C

оў 147 де
(2) dr" Хяпх |

[Sol] Integrating both sides with respect to x,

y= [ааах

= ксозх – | xdx
сов

= xcosx- sinet С

(3) p
Фу =|}

[Sol] Rearranging the original equation,

т
di^ О
Integrating both sides with respect
to x.
dy dx isl
dx | рози С
“> y - 155 T C, ds

МЕ |
b KUM МУ О 181
| О181а Differential Equations 2 |
Пре ле te os Date - Мате

dy 7
To solve the differential equation / (у PT = p(x) -.. (D.
we can use the method of separating variables.
Since y is a function of x, both sides of ( are functions of x.
| Therefore, we can integrate both sides with respect to x.

(о) ах= [scouts

Since the left side can be written as |

Гоузау,
=

Гозау- |ксдах
|

ау 2
ах у
[Sol] Rearranging the original equation, y dy = dx
Integrating both sides,

[учу ПЕ |

| у [4 |х+2с

(where с is an arbitrary constant)

 О 181 b
dy 3
(2) dx Му
a,

[Sol] Rearranging the original equ

ation,
Vydy = Зах
Integrating both sides,

|Мо- [зах

Therefore, 2уіз3х + с;

142142

Replacing 6 with c,

9
утх%с

| "x

[Sol] Rearranging the original equation, 2.

уаучхах
При both sides,

Therefore,на. d

vues СЕЕ 2с, ce

Replacing 2c, with c, E
үзе хе
SE^ш е _
 Дау |
(2) dx - 4ху
‘ша (1)

Dr Фулсания с Эло
[Sol] (a) When у = 0, пета
4 0, This satisfies н(Т), so y = 0 is a solution
|
:
(b) When y # 0, (1)can be rewritten ах:
dy
= "^ ах йх

Integrating both sides,

ду |
|9 = |ах
poy |

іп|у| =2r?+e
Therefore, у= езе. с. 2
Replacing że" with К,
y=ke*® — (where kis an arbitrary constant, Ё #0)

However, when k = 0, y = 0. This satisfies (а).

Thus, the general solution is у = ke™ where kisan arbitrary constant,

dy
9)22, y т

[Sol] (a) When у = 0, ^ 0.This satisfies(7),o y = 0 is a solution.

(b) When у # 0, (Т) can be rewritten as:
ай:
=> = бах
»

е Чу.

In}y|
|

ње
Therefore, ут £e нэ ter. ett
Replacing =e" withk,
ус (whereКis an arbitrary constant, А # 0)

However, when k = 0, y= 0. This satisfies (а).

Thus, the general solution is y = ёс”, where k is anarbitrary consta
nt.
„ колом О 183
7 О 183а Differential Equations 2
iЧ Time : {о

| Solve each of the following differential equations,

| oO Zee
zn y
-Ф
me | d О 1 желке :

E [Sol] (а) When y = 1, E -|0| This satisfies Q). so y = ВЕ а solution.

E (b) When y * 1, (7) can be rewritten as:

T Intcgrating both sides,

P zin yl х ве
E Ther efore, 1—y9 ze ("Он жена”
E fos Replacing 22" wilh К,
ү di унз1-с 5 (where kis an arbitrary constant. А
E =i ж 0)
However, when К = 0, y |. This satisfies (a).
|E | Thus, the general solution ix y*l-—-ke
', where kisan atbitrary constant,
Bs5 y | es
E
dy
я = 2 - ЛЭ

"| [Sol| (a) When y= $,>» 0, This satisfies ©,зоy = $is a solution.
Е омон
—ay j|
2у-5 <
Integrating both sides,
lg; siete
Therefore, 2уг-5 2755! eek. о

Replacing 11,with k, уш :tke" (сей)

However, whenА = 0, y -5.This satisfies (а),

co Зи 5
Thus, thegeneral solution is y = +ke", where &is an arbitrary constant,
ae
11.2
(3)jg xe
УЕ Бу
Aa— yуше
mТЕ =4]
|| + Ql | 4)у
..:@) (wi nsSolve for г.)
| e
[Sol] (a) When y=a. |, FE
dy рай
E О. This sat isfies (1), so ул lisa solution,
(b) When У 1, (D can be rewritten ах:
dy dx
Ул х=]
Integrating both sides,
odyo | dx
ys r-]
Inly —1| = -In[x 2| c
Therefore
|y=,1| «- | = +"
[x — 1]
+

y EH 1 а мезе
y= |
Replacing Зе with k,

ут1+ Tc](where А is an arbitrary constant, & + 0)

However, whenk = 0, y = 1. This satisfies
(a).
1 бум. where kis anarbitrary constant.

нЕ dy |
[Sol] (a) When
y =0,d, Так satisf(Т),
iesso y = 0 is a solution,
(b) Whenу * 0, (1)can be rewritten as:
dX ок.
y 2x-1
(ау [| dx
у }2х-1
In|y| = ;ini2x -1| +e
Ру *In[2x — || + 2c
Therefore, yl^ 2(2х-1) е

Replacing зе“ with k,

y ЗАКС) (where
Кisanarbitrary constant, К #0) |
However, whenKk* 0, y = (),This satisfies (a).
Thus, the general solution is y? 9 £(2y= 1), where
дisan arbitrary constant.
» KUMON О 184
» O184a Differential Equations 2

К Solve cach of the following differential equations.

" (1) x Е +1=0

[Sol] Rearranging the original equation,

dy = — та

Integrating both sides,

[ay -|&
| х?
ye `+с (where сіз an arbitrary constant)

12:25 (1%у)х=0 (Hint: Find the condit

of theion
сосъйати.)

[Sol] Rearranging the original equation,

E Е
кеу gu uid
Integrating both sides.
УУ еы [чый сн
ЇЕ y | 50245
И + у2)= 512 +?) ёс
МО + x?) (1+ у] 2c
(1+д2) (1+ у?) m eX

(1+ x?) il + y?) "К (where К is an arbitrary constant; К Ul

 О 184b
Ту
(3) хэр = у + ]

[Sol] Rearranging the original equati

on,
x*--]
бум = dx
с
Integrating both sides.
| xr + |
|dy=у ||- zi =,
ах

уж-е (xt +1) + 2 |хе са.

уж-е 1(к:+1) ra| xe + feu)

у= —e (2 t1) *2(-xe7—
e: + cj)
Replacing 2c, with c,
y= —e^'(x*+ 23) +с (where сіз an arbitrary constant)
dy суі |
D dz 2931 <O
d
[Sol] (a) When у 1, = |
= 0. This satisfies (Т), so y = Т Ба solution.
(b) When уж 1. © can be rewritten as:
ау ойх.
у-1 2041
Integrating both sides,
|ау dx
y-1- |52
inly-11==
In|2x + 1) +e
(у= 1)? 2с
ИЕЛЕ
Gi
Е
Replacing te^ with k,
:
(у= 1) * k(2x + 1) (where А is anarbitrary constant, & * 0)
However, when k = 0, y = 1. This satisfies (a).
Thus. the general solution is (y — 1)=! k(2x + 1), wherekis an arbitrary
constant. |
|
 KUMON: О 185
О185а
ram

Differential Equations 2
a ‚ те: (о. Dato | Nome

B
E n.
(1) dy
те е?

E d
18 [Sol] Given ши Е”.
7 : Since е” # 0, we can take the reciprocal of cach side.

E dy dy
P dx
11 ду <
LE. dx = Дет Фу
Integrating both sides,

Іш" Ju у

ду = — 2а +)
dx

2 =а — Deir »
[Sol] Given
 | dy ғ---
Sol] Given
[Sol] Given )y—
тт = V1|- – у у: D
Цусыг
(a) When у = #1. 2: 0. This satisfies (0), so y = 1 is a solution.

Therefore, the solutions are: y= TS

| an x= |- Vl = у?
i ду. |
(4) созу === sin^y (0-5у<т)

[Scl] Given совут?= мећу No

(a) When у = 0,7,7 0. Thissatisfies0),soy = Disа solution.

4
(b) When у #0. Т) сап be rewritten ах: A ме)
dk соу
Since sit y #0, we can take the reciprocal of cach side.
> сон y
sm у

wa d M mmi rm С
мау
Therefore, the solutions
are y = O and с = - =>+e
 Solve cach of the following differential equations.
йу :
12 (1) ===
dx
(y +1)

[Sol] Given 2 = (ут): 24%

dy
(а) When үт == =O. This записа (7), њо y= -1 ва мики.

(b) When
y + — 1,

Since
(y + 1)* * 0, we can take the reciprocal ofeach side of(1.
di |
dy (у +1);

ШЕ --------
os
| GAI
Integrating
both sides,
Іш - | dy
(улан
|
Ди =
“ЕС
үлі
b m ~ apj pa —
y^ 1

4
262 Зу)
! ERUIT A |
[501] Given---(2- зу)! 449)
Wobei Ho де, ~
(a) Whea у = TI * 0.This апіса(В.so y = :Ва solution.
(b) When y # :

Since (2-2у)! * 0,we can take the teaiprocal ofcach side oi (Ту
à |

762-on
К miere2-3) u^
 О 186b
| dy
(3)
2 усуе
у 2у |
2у44-1
[Sol] Rearranging the original equation, -
dx у А)
Since (2у7 + 1) #0. ме can take the reciprocals of cach side of
dic у
dy 2y?4+1
ы

dx = — — dy
: 2у 619
Integrating both sides,

dx | ———ym
4a
Jas то
1 MUTA
x= ш(2у + 1) жс

2p ішей-«
Replacing e7“ with А,
2 = ket], wherek>0

(4) By
с фу
=угз
ea a а
[Sol] Rearranging theoriginal equat„ай у y' +3
ion, ——= gy D
Since (y* + 3) # 0. we can take the reciprocals of each side of (1).
ах ВУ
dy у:+3
gy)
; dx =за
Integrating
both sides,
| gy?
Jas зе
dys |-—

х= 2 1п(у+
3) + с
с"-Кшу! -3
Replacing
e" with К,
у‘ = Де*-3, wherek>0
А комом 187
E 0187а Differential Equations 2
| Time : to |

EM
xii +.

In cach exercise, usin g the initial condition in the parentheses, solve cach of
the following differential equations.
ДЕ
(1) (x=
dy
те y (x 70, улт I)
;
[Sol] Since x + 1 and y * 0, we can arrange the original equation as:

k= [z1]
Therefore, |
—
ч 4
a : НІ| |1

1% |(2) | (x + 3)==eld ife 2 (х= =], үш 1)

[Sol] Since x* -3 on y 2, wc can arrange the original equation as:

шүлт
Integrating both sides,
|mE. Е
Ду=2
In| y 2] = шх +3} +e
BEST y-2mix t3): е”
ss Replacing *e* with Д. у“2 + k(x + 3)
т.

ү Fromtheinitial condition, k= -: >

Therefore,
кы, “м p.

ул
|
|=
ar EET
LITE. 11 a

у
|
1
Е

..
a
1
"
|
4
=
қ
е
ын if
ттк!
= -
у
==
1!
jz
- E КЕ
EINE,
prs nar
Pats pe
I
„м Les
Тг т
|1

ЛЭЭ Эр а
feos te) ire "Г

1 реа аи
МИЕ, | Ip edm rre Муж ЭЛЭГ БЖ
в. Па: "Ta
 me (Ly | (х= 1,у- 1)
(3) Зу

pera,
[Sol] Since |
y # ~ 3. We can arrange the original equation as:
GUI |
Зул = Ax

Integrating both sides,

Бут]
Зу + dx

5 Ini3y + 1] = КРС

Зу+ е же <<
Replacing Зе“ with К,
Зул | = Ке“
From the initial condition,
Коце?
Therefore, |3y*154e^? [y= уе |

| d
4) Vi*xte VI y (x93,
y93)
[Sol] Since x # —1 and y * — 1, we can arrange the original equation as:
Ey ах
VI*y МІзх
Integrating
both sides,
| --- | ах _
Міғу DVEF
2У1
+ уж? МЕ+ xc
VIT ys: | хе.
From the initial condition,
с= (0)
Therefore, МІ + уз VI*x
 KUMCON' O 188
О 188 а Differential Equations 2
Tme:—: Г г

TM.

[ers
77-р

Е ;
In cach exercise, using the initial condition in the parentheses. solve cach of
ї
Ёс
Е he following differential equations.
3-5
m

ERU
Tu

"TU

ird І <a wi у = 2
E (< dx | (х-1,уж2)

| [Sol] Since x # 0 and y 1. we can arrange the original equation ах:

dy ахя
yu
Integrating both sides,
Г. |=
у Ins Е
іпіу-||-іпіх|
+с сз)
y-l9tx-:e' |
Replacing *e* with К.
у= l+kx
From the initial condition,
ке |
Therefore, ум | + к

09) ах m (x =0. y 20)

[Sol] Rearranging
the original equation.
с" Чу = dx
Integrating both sides,

e у= |dx

-с 7 ах +c

:
From the initial condition,
zm
таrs

се- |
m ает

= COLE
ЕРче
PAUD
gd
=
4"ат
fag
Pa
Ed
TI
"Therefore, xkml-—e

та
рға
њи
лит

Озү
Еј
m1645
1414 s's
ЊЕ
ма
0 И КЕ
6 5ТЕ bet Зет cs
На ери.
Беата 2 "d ЕЕ erra
ТЭГ тъй ceni
 О 188b
| lead ys: ад
(3) = Зу (х 0, =
у= -1)
[Sol] Since x # —2 and y #0, we сап arrange the original
equation as:
dy
---« (х + 2)4х
Зу
Integrating both sides,
|(dy f
3 Уут (x + 2)dx

-ginlyl = +2r+e
у= zen eek
Replacing =еУ with k,
уш ke lt 6
From the initial condition,
К=—|
Therefore, | yao lee

(4) еш = =e (х= —1, ys 1)

[Sol] Rea

ер,
Е
и—

Irt
р :
=

ялан
|Р

1 5Ё T=за
=қнь
нь
dil.
Айы
alin.
Шы...
ав...
am.
шы...
= oь
 аш
IT
4
Лаг

КО d.
X ?ТЭР
шиш

| 59) Rearranging the original equation, -D

ydy* -3Axdx
s
РЕНЕ
ee
И4

Integrating both sides,

пын!

ng 2c,with
wil c. i

уі» ate
= 4
ЖЕН
= =a

In|y| ~ Ain[x+ | 2
ута и
 O 189b
d Зу—1
(3) ey = ee ЛЭЭ
ах x +2 |
E С Доу | | |.
[Sol] (a) When у = Ty" D. This а сз (1), зо y > 3 !* a solution.

с |
1 (b) When y * SO can be rcwritien ас
МИЛИЈА dx
3у-1: ж+?
Integrating both sides,
[ dy -| dx
Зу- | к+2
аря | | |
ln|3y— | =" Inix нс

In[3y— 1[-3Iin[x+ 2| = 3e
УЕ 1
м =“
(x:»2р
placing
*e* with Е;
3y—Le A(x *2)', (whereX isan arbitrary constant, & #0)

However, when k = 0, y= $-Thissatis5s (а)

Thus, the general solution is Ду — | әдіске 2)! where Ка зо atbitrary constant,

d)
(4) у“ /1-ау
ой Giveny Z= МГ У ...Ф
(а) Wheny= = 5.17.^ 0. Thissatisfies Фр,коу= =>isasolution.

(b) When y * — :(1) can be rewritten ах: РАаи ышанынТыш

комом | | 01%

Incackexercise, using the initial condition in the parentheses, solve cach of

thefollowing differential equations.
dy : Е
: 2 Hae 2

|_ [Sol] Since у“ 5,(же can arrange theoriginal equation as: |

| 3у- 3”

(булы Ур
3у-2 /
ле] -2|чх+с

cing -e* with k, c M-2- ёс"

Бот the initialcondition, | 204 4
Therefore. га Зуны

ах 3 | (х= 1,у= |)
О 190b
| d
(3) ЕК те” |
(х = |
|,у=0)

[Sol] Rearranging the original equation,

dy ax
20» els
Integrating both sides,
| (ау (ах
2]e* Тез
= = -бес!-6с
е”

From the initial condition,

i- m “гэ
7
EP

| шүр
Therefore, Jo -6е!+7

4)
и j
3-1 dx -—
d
В
[Sol] Rearranging thc original equation,
dy 3х-1.

Integrating both sides,

dy
| 1 |(3x
5 ах — 1) ах

In| y] = 1(3= Е x)+c

ys ter iret
Replacing +e“ with К,
у= еі?!"
From the initial condition,
Ке еї
Therefore, узе“ |":
 KUMON О 191

P 1. Determine the function f (x) that satisfies cach of the following

| equations.

оло
| ^o
soar | |
40
Е [Sol] Differentiating both sides of (Т) with respect to x,
го) =
f(x)_
fo t
Integrating both sides of 8)with TX (ох.
LO
E Гло“
3 In| f(x)1 = |:
4 ne | J f(x) = +

E — Replacing+ уйі,К.

D From Q / (0)22
= k=a] Thus, f (x) =

22 [Sol] Differentiating both sides of© withrespect to x,

2 /'(х) = 2xf (x)

is г(х),
f(x) ^ 22
_ Integrating both sides
of(2)with respect to х,

БЕ f(x)» же“ е!
ig tet with k,
ее Јо) ke j P
| _From @. го)"2. „ке? Thus, f(x)=2e" 2200
қ
 O 191b
. 2. Determine the function f (x) that satisfies the equation
|(4¢+5) f(t) dt = 3(х +2) |Го) а, where /(0) = 1.
J, |
(Hint: Differentiate both sides of the given equation twice,)

[Sol] Given |(444-5)/(1)аг 3 (х + » |f (0 dt. T0

4 i
Differentiating both sides of (1) with respect to x,
(4х + 5)f(x) #3 |гоа + 3(x-& 2)f (0)
1
i

2 «0/09 3] Га)чі ~O
4

Differentiating both sides of (2)with respect to х,

f(x) + (x — 1)f'(x) = 3/ (х)
Л(ж-1)/ (х) = 2f (x)
Since
f (x) #0.
Ја) 2
f(x) x=il 229
Integrating both sides of (3) with respect to х,
(са 0х

їп|/(х)| =2lnix—1| +e
f(x) = зе(х- 1)

f(x) = k(x — 1):

білсе f(0) #1, ка]

Therefore, f (x) = (x — 1)?

 KUMCON' O 192
O 192a Differential Equations 3
Tema SSF = Cate қ Мште

IeR |.
ут Сакатай ваз 13
ЕЯ

a |. Given the functions f(x). g(x) and F(x), where F(x) = es

E.
- 440)

| | БХ
complete the following exercises.
(1) Given that f'(x) = g(x) and g'(x) = f(x), determine the differential
equation that F(x) satisfies,
3t (Hint: Use the (Quotient Rule.)
E [Sol] Differentiating (0,

EЕ око — f og
енды
ала
ааа
IE
с
Fi
ERES
dt
rdEnЕРПӨГСЧАЛ
га:
TRE
а
"TAE
ez
ры
LH аүгь
Даen
с

ШАН: |
B Дери: From the given,

EP _
Bn _- „КСО
(к) оe——— -сој.
олоои (х DIG LAE
Га

When v = F(x),
it satisfies the differential equation: >= = 1 — „©
Given that /(0) = 0 and g(x) # 0, determine F(x).

22 [Sol] From ©, when у = F(x) = t1, f(x) = р(х)

E Therefore, if f (0) = 0, then (0)=
D Since g(x) * 0, уж [=1
Rewriting Ф.

Therefore, the differential equation вс —

nes :Since1(0) = Ове діл! 90, О 0 andА = | (from (2))
eta 15,МЕ111) FIAT
2 Мы= Fla) те: i LS m "1
 О 192b
2. Given f (x) and g(x) which satisfy
the following equations,
|/'(х) * 2g'(x) – f(x) -2g(x) =0
2f'(x) — g(x) x[2f (x) – g(x)] 50
complete the following exercises,
ое
(1) Find f(x) + 2e(x).
[Sol] Letting у = f (x) + 2g (x).

From (2), “>- [y]-0

R carranging
ng
ging (3), 25=0 dx

Integrating both sides. уш же"

Replacing +e with k, Y7f(x)*2g(x) екс"

(2) Find 2f(x) —g(x).

[Sol] Letting ул 2f(x) = gir).
d |
Егот D. = + ху= 0.

4
Rearranging %), — rdx

Integrating both sides. үт tele le

ing te‘ with К. y= 2f(x) — g(x) = ке"...

(3) When f(0) = 5 and g(0) = 0, find f(x) and g(x).

f(x) + 2g(x) = ke?
Бо D (x) = Ех) = ке
ee
Solvinfor
g f(x) and g(x),

fix) - («е *2ke и)

Since /(0) “Sand gí(0) «0, К, e Дъ за10

Therefore, МЕЗЕТ + Де!“ and g(x) wp - 26-16
EL Time - to

‚ Let f (x) be a differentiable function for all x such that

fix+ у) = Г) f(y) is always truc. Determine f (x).

-. [Sol] Given Ї(х + у) = f(x): f(y) 540)

E Differentiating (1) with respect to y,
3| /'(х + у) =f fiy)
E Letting y = 0, Го) вА (where Ais a constant)
n f(x) = f'(x +0) = „©
(а) When f(x) #0.
Ла) г
fo
Inegráting, Ын sides with respect to х,

iG
/ (х)23 (ГА
[As

f(x) = же 24) « see (eA)!

Letting К = же“. and a e^ (where a> 0).
Г%
Б) When f(x) = 0, both (2) and © are satisfied, when k = 0.
Thus, f(x) = (where a>0) O)
л :| Substituting х=у=бшо(),
E f =(f(O)F
| Leg f(0-X. Х-х:
d n Therefore, f (0) “0 ог [1]
P. A When /(0) = 0, @ gives k = 0
| Ус/0-11| | @givesk=1

i г
nem
 О 193b
2. In each exercise, determine the differentiable function f (x) which
satisfies the given equation.

(1) f(xy)sf(x)-f(y)
[Sol] Given f(xy) = f(x) - fCv) 4)
Differentiating both sides of @ with respect to у,
xf'(xy) = f(x) *f'(v)
Letting у = 1.
х/'(ху) = xf'(x) = Af(x) (where Ais a constant) ...@
(a) When f(x) 40,
file) А
f(x) х
Integrating both sides with respect to x,

as
fx) ш [аа
[А

Inf (x)] = А!пху +e

Anf (x) = kx (where k= +e‘) WO
(b) When f(x) = 0, both @ and (3) are satisfied.
Therefore, f(r) = Кх“
Replacing x = y= 1 ипо 0), / (1) “0 ог 1
Thus, the functions аге: f(x) =Oand f(x) = x^

(2) fGx*y) f(x) + f(y) (Hint: Let/'(х) = A)

[Sol] Given f(x-* y) =f(x) + f(y) (D
Differentiating both sides of (1) with respect to х.
ДУ тр (ж)
Since this is true for all values of у,
Letting Их) a Д,

Ли) = (года,
= Ах + с (where A is a constant)
From @, when x = 0, f(0) =0,
„се
Therefore, /(х) = Ax
 KUMCON' O 194
О 194a Differential Equations 3

p ‘Solve cach of the following differential equations.

Е ду (1)
| (0) НУ
(1) — ех +) are

го (бо Letting x + y ^u and differentiating both sides with respect to х.

(a) When и = — 1, itsatisfies

О), so и = —1 is a solution.

(b) When u + — 1, (2 can be rewritten

as: ES = dx

Intcgrating
both sides,
йи Ё
2: = fax

inju t 1| “хос
Цу и жас?!
Replacing зе мићАк. иефёс”-1 (wherek^0)

However, whenА = 0, u= — 1. This satisfies (a).

Since x и”: y еи, E.

[у= ke! -x — 1]
aes d 322
01946
| Фу
2 (2 + ) = A | 1 Е i

[Sol] Letting x + узи,

Differentiating both sides with respect (0 x,
„д у_du
dx dx
LN
“dx dx
Substituting this value into (1).

(2. |)= 2u
+ 1
dx |
du | | :
ШУР Зи + | ‚..@)

(a) When и = -3 it satisfies (2), so u = - +is

a solution.
| | |
(b) When u № — 3 (2) can be rewrilten as: зи 1 Чи 7 dx
Integrating both sides,

[n fax

а
ЗА SORTIS с
1 :
(u-jin | Зи + DET

и — in| Зи 1| =3х
+ 3c

Since x+y=u, |
2226) Іп |Зе+ y)+1] «Зх
+ 3c

^ In|3(x + y) +1] =3y - 6x — 9c

о Sa + y) 1а жетиси
Replacing 267% with К,
Зх +Зу+ | = Ке? (wherek 40) |
However,
when К = 0, w= x + y = -3 This satisfies (a).
Therefore, the general solutionis: 3x + Зу + 1 = ke??~®
 ду
dx _ У!
(Hint: Letu 72x — y - |and then
differentiate w with respect to x.)
[Sol] Letting и = 2x — y

dudx dy
dr
dy. Чи
р,
айн,
г.иа.TRECE
ТИ
n
Tey
еее
mer
ала
ч nT
в жер
=
Tiir
8,
Lae
Аааа
y!
2ЕcsdoжИаа”р dx 7“ dx
мп
Substituting this value into (Т),
yi
er
лара
ДА атыса
Les aas
Ыы
«ыЕНТ
erue
irep
жїТыны
et
a"ye
cE:
na
ЕЕе
rem
еј
e
ЕТЕet
T=еқ=ед
pcne
УИ
Аы
Tb
ңе
Еэ
Ал ee
IRE
Са
алтанд
Ера
aibi
прати
aa
с
ВА
dE
Гаара
ар by.
Е.а,
маUd
:pmn>e тати
-ET
in,
мi c ү

шама
рад
Aic.
En
xm
T ~
МЕ
3
hia ТЕРУ

е Фи "ЈЕ
.. des сты (2

(а) Whenu = 2, it satisfies (2. so и

= 2 is a solution.
_
|.
ЖЕГЕ
на
паре
аан
Pa
Sy
рапа,
та
ger
еета guter
demo
соса
ааа
ib
faba
Kron
te.
а

Q9) When u#2. сап be rewritten as: ЧМ

рам Integrating both sides.

|= р |6х
-1012-1| «хос
и 2-и= же“:
Sincu=
e 2x — y — |,
2-(2x- y— D)» tei
Replacing зе with к.
2—(2x—y—1) = Ке bere Eau)
Howeror, whenk = 0,4" 2x -y— 12
- This satisfies (a). 4
ти the general solution ів: 2 - (2x—v— 1)
Де Е.
па [yw де + 2x –3) # Қы”
О 195b
Фу 1-х-у
Ях XEY BO
(Hint: Let u= x + у, and then differentiate u with respect to x.)

[Sol] Letting ит x + y,

dx EU
ГЕ
“ах
ТЕ
dx

Substituting this valuc into (1),

du -—] =
1-1 d

dx SS
ди 1
viu "Ф
Rewriting
(2),
иди dx

Integrating both sides,

Jud = fax
1
Тато

Since
u = x + y,
І E im
aie ty) * xt e

(x+y) = 2x + 2c,

(x+y)? и дк +с (where c is an arbitrary constant)

Thus, thc general solution is: (x + y) 2x *c

‘Solve cach of the following differential equations.

о dZ-—
x Xy
)
[Sol] Rewri
ting (D. 5
dx c
уау 07
| 12:59) Вата, me 29)
Іспіприж3- х),

i idu

Integrating bothsides,

127:
Па CN

Ш
зам

57 Зе-3 3m

= + с

у ОД 11
= ШЫ + 3с,

Е ср |съ aoe
ee о

ytmex
О 196b

о (ен
as * те Пү. у
well)

(Hint: Replace с with In Кү. whe

re с and Á, atc COMMA ts.)

[Sol] Letting uc x y,

Чи _ | ду
dx ЗакX
Substituting this value into
(7)
(T,
ко + (апи = () ‚..@)

(а) кп “= nm (where n is an
integer), it satisfies (2),
-u= из i$ а solution.

(b) When и * nz (where n is an

integer), @ can be rewritten as
du dx
(апи x
Integrating both sides,
|ди ах
ми |x
[cose и a |“
ипи
~ In[sina|= —Inix[- c

Replacing c with In k,,

иа «| — In|x| + In К, (where А, > 0)
Ix|* [sin ui = К,
хеп uo tk,

However, when Кое (и = x +

У = nm. This satisfies (a).
Replacing =k, with k, X sin и = К
Since е x + y,
The general solution is: x sin( + yk
E
Tex

ји
-
АСАЖ
all.

"| Incach exercise, using the initial condition іп the parentheses, solve the
IN

| given differential equation.

Е
К!
НЕ
ar
"тие
7
2" оси

|а
() 2ху 22= x2 + у?| (х= —1,.y =0)

-. [Sol] Since x #0.

1 Rearranging
the original equation,
y dy yy
2 А |— ... (1
X их x
Letting “= 5 --.(2)

ЕЕЕ
Ла (1 — м) |= -с
(l= и!)хо зе<<
=e with К,
(lsk (wherek 40)

wm ym Ку
ag the initial condition, A=—|
elore, the general solution ік: -уі%х-0
O 197 b
| dy _
(2) Xs us X) 0 (х= 1, у= 1)

[Sol] Since x #0,

Rearranging the original equation,

Jc | (0

Letting и = 2 X

d dy du
у= ИХ v. TEE
ах —
dx
y
и
|
©

Substituting (2 апа © into (1).

du _
~or игц-|
dx

dim t
x

Integrating
both sides,

ја је
a= —Inix|*c
x

~ зу? 2
Since и r Ius

Еa —Inixi ње

y= x(c — ши)

Usiingng Ihe initial condit ioni

cm]

Therefore, the general solution is y= x(1 іи)

 O 198

T T

1. Let ДУ) be a 3^! degree polynomial such that f(x) is divisible by / (г),
И) = -з and /(- 1) 70. Determin
f(x).
e
[Sol] Since / (х) is onc degree less than f(x).
Let f (x) = (ах + b) f'(x).
Letting y= f (x).
y= = (о(ах к+ Бу+0с”
0 -Ф
Since /11) -3» 0, yao
dy dx
У ,ux*b

} |
In| y] “мах +b) +c
| уз = (ах + b)! г.
Replacing =o" with k,
y *k(ax-k by
‘Since у 5f(x) ка УУ degree
243 аа
3

-Ф

1 LI
Bude Атақты
 O 198 b
2. Given that y is a function of x satisfyi
ng the differential equation
Y^ — y = 2sinx. complete the following exercises.
(1) Му= e'u —sinx (where u is a function
of x), determine the
differential equation that u satisfies.
[Sol] у= ет -sinx
«(D
у тен + e'u' — cosx
2200)
y^ * e'u* + 2е'и' + си + sin
а
Substituting (7) апа @ into the given differen
tial equation,
(e'u* “2еш фе'и + sinx) — (еш — sin
) = ап
си 2214/-0
и" +2и = 0)
(2) Given и(0) = 3 and и'(0) = —2. determine у.
[Sol] From (1). u^ + 2 = 0
Letting м’ = Г,
1 +2' = Ф)
sre dt
Rewr iting (7), 4- 2 ...(2)
(a) When t = 0, it satisfies (2), so /= 0 isa solution.
(b) Whens * 0, (2) сап be rewritten as: E = —2dx
Integrating both sides,

|4. -|2ax
In|tr| 9 —2xr + с
[m же dee
Replacing +e“ with k,
(= Ке" (ућсте А #0) 20
Sinc = f,
и”e
Eds
ц = 724 |
мес (4)
Substituting the original conditions into (3) and (4).
km-—2,c-2
Therefore,
изе 4+ 2
y * e'(e +2) -sinr
&2e' e * — sing
 KUMON’ О 199
О 199а Differential Equations3
Тие 2 to: Date LL. Name |

770%
| уче | |
mes |
t
i the air encounters air resistance proportional to
4 a An object dropped in
[o its velocity. Assume that the acceleration due to gravity is g. Express the
velocity v as a function of t, where t represents the number of seconds
- after the object begins to fall.
па (Hint: At time r ~ 0, the velocity is 0.)
- [Sol] Given a body with mass т, the downward force by gravity is mg.
2 and the upward force by air resistance is Bv (where B is a constant).
- Letting the downward direction be positive,
dio o у |
то“ тво Bv !
"| Since m>0 and mg - Во>0, we can rewrite theequationas
— | dv
-= dí

| Integrating both sides,

| dv I |
Рът
81 | |
|
R a
Zol-
ан || ү +
с E
0
m =й | :

|о into 0),
я
am ET

5" le- Бај=,- тіп

2 5 : Е : : | | = Mom тЕ
-“(|-<-е еу
O 199 b
гы. Radioactive substances decay over time and lose mass at a rate which is
proportional to the amount of mass remaining. If only 3 of the original
mass remains after 1600 years, how much will be left after another
800 years?
[Sol] At time г let x be the fraction of the initial mass remaining. (x >0)
і
Letting = be the rate of decay,

(where В is the constant of proportionality, and В > 0)

Rearranging.

а Ва
x
Integrating both sides,

(аја
X

хе те "ef
Replacing +e" with К,
xke 40)
Since x 1 when t = 0,
k=]
Substituting this valuc into (1),
хэс?” .-. 2)
Since r= уwhen = 1600,

ІШЕ
376 2.
өл | | B

Solving
(2) when г = 2400,
хч
е 2008 (с Hon
-(3 1-У9
Therefore, after 2400 years, узof the original mass will remain.
 охо

4. Lerf(x).bca o omfunction with x0, у> О and f(1) = I.

Да OH PK be а rectangle formed by the points O10: 0),ие),
РОЈ (jand K(0, f(t)).

х= Та 0баш ym fix) в.always :Тһезагсаги(rectangle OHPK

О 200 b
2. Determine the differentiable fun
ction f (x) which satisfies the follow
equation. ing

| бан enn | X — Of ја
| |

[Sol] Rewriting
the given, |101141. х 31:+ к + “|БО – |ауа...
Differentiating
(1)with respect to x,

fíx) = За -6x + | + | ов + xf(x) — xf (x)

f(x) = 34 —6х + 1 + | оо
„.@
Differentiating (2) with respect to х,
| (х)ебк—6+ f(x)
Letting y = f (x),
dy
| =бг—6+у
--()
Letting из бх-6+ y,
ди Фу
dx °t dx

Substitutith
ngisvalue into @),
ater ome
ac |
4468)
тома
M аа;
и+6
Integrating both sides,
da
и +6 -|ш
„а =х+е |
6|ш о | Ф
1. nam ~ : .-4(9)
From (2), when x = 0, у

Substituting имо @), сей

niu tóm
ни» ба =e
=- Oty,
Sinceи =6x

„у= te— бт
However ya си- 6x does not satisfy (2).
Thus, f (x) ее” - бї