Exercise 5A (p. 5.

18)
Level 1
1. (a) The equation of the circle is

i.e. 16
4
2 2
2 2 2
= +
= +
y x
y x

(b) The equation of the circle is

i.e. 12 ) 2 (
) 3 2 ( )] 2 ( [
2 2
2 2 2
= + +
= +
y x
y x

(c) The equation of the circle is

i.e. 49 ) 5 ( ) 3 (
7 ) 5 ( ) 3 (
2 2
2 2 2
= +
= +
y x
y x

(d) The equation of the circle is

i.e.
9
16
3
1
3
2
3
4
3
1
3
2
2 2
2 2 2
= |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
= |
.
|

\
|
+
(

|
.
|

\
|

y x
y x


2. (a)
2 2 2
2 2
) 24 ( )] 1 ( [
24 ) 1 (
= +
= + +
y x
y x

Centre ) 0 , 1 ( = , radius ) 6 2 (or 24 =

(b)
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
3
5
3
25
25 3 3
|
|
.
|

\
|
= +
= +
= +
y x
y x
y x

Centre ) 0 , 0 ( = , radius
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
3
3 5
or
3
5

(c)
2 2 2
2 2
10 ) 8 ( )] 6 ( [
100 ) 8 ( ) 6 (
= +
= + +
y x
y x

Centre ) 8 , 6 ( = , radius 10 =

(d)
2 2
2
2
2
2 2
2
7
2
5
) 2 (
4
49
2
5
) 2 (
49 ) 5 2 ( ) 2 ( 4
|
.
|

\
|
=
(

|
.
|

\
|
+
=
(

|
.
|

\
|
+
= + +
y x
y x
y x

Centre |
.
|

\
|
=
2
5
, 2 , radius
2
7
=

3. (a) 0 27 12 8
2 2
= + + y x y x

) 6 , 4 (
2
) 12 (
,
2
) 8 (
Centre
=
|
.
|

\
|

=


5
25
27 36 16
27
2
12
2
8
Radius
2 2
=
=
+ =
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
=

(b) 0 10 9
2 2
= + y y x

|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
9
, 0
2
9
,
2
0
Centre


2
11
4
121
10
4
81
) 10 (
2
9
2
0
Radius
2 2
=
=
+ =
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
=

(c) 0 7 7 2
2 2
= + + y x y x

|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
|

=
2
7
, 1
2
7
,
2
) 2 (
Centre


2
9
4
81
7
4
49
1
) 7 (
2
7
2
2
Radius
2 2
=
=
+ + =
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
=


(d)
0
2
31
3 2
0 31 6 4 2 2
2 2
2 2
= + + +
= + + +
y x y x
y x y x


|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
3
, 1
2
3
,
2
2
Centre


|
|
.
|

\
|
=
+ + =
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
=
2
3 5
or
4
75
2
31
4
9
1
2
31
2
3
2
2
Radius
2 2


4. (a) Radius of the circle
32
16 16
) 4 0 ( ) 0 4 (
2 2
=
+ =
+ =
= CP

The equation of the circle is

32 ) 4 (
) 32 ( )] 4 ( [
2 2
2 2 2
= + +
= +
y x
y x


(b) Radius of the circle
2
10
4
9
4
1
2
5
1 2
2
3
2 2
=
+ =
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
=
= CP





The equation of the circle is

2
5
) 1 (
2
3
2
10
) 1 (
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
= + |
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|
= + |
.
|

\
|

y x
y x


5. Radius of the circle
27
7 16 4
) 7 (
2
8
2
4
2 2
=
+ + =
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
=


Area of the circle
units sq. 27
units sq. ) 27 (
2
t
t
=
=


6. The equation represents an imaginary circle.


10
0 1 9
0
2
2
2
6
2 2
>
< +
< |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
c
c
c


7. Let C be the centre of the circle.
Coordinates of C = (2, 3)
Radius of the circle = 6

(a)
radius
2
15
4
225
36
4
81
)] 3 ( 3 [
2
5
) 2 (
2
2
>
=
=
+ =
+ |
.
|

\
|
= CA

|
.
|

\
|
3 ,
2
5
A lies outside the circle.

(b)
radius
20
4 16
) 1 3 ( ) 2 2 (
2 2
<
=
+ =
+ = CB

B(2, 1) lies inside the circle.

8. (a)
) 3 , 1 (
2
6
,
2
) 2 (
Centre
=
|
.
|

\
|

=

(b) Slope between A and the centre
4
3
5 1
0 3
=

=


Slope between B and the centre
4
3
) 3 ( 1
) 6 ( 3
=


=
A, B and the centre are colinear.


AB is a diameter of the circle.

9. The equation represents a real circle.


4
25
0
4
9
4
0
2
3
2
4
2 2
<
> +
> |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
k
k
k

k is positive.

4
25
0 < < k
We can suggest k = 1 or 6 (or any positive value satisfying
4
25
0 < < k ).

10. Let C be the centre of the circle.

Coordinates of C
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
|

=
4 ,
2
5
2
8
,
2
) 5 (


2
9
)] 4 ( 4 [
2
5
2
2
2
=
+ |
.
|

\
|
= CP


4
89
where ,
4
89
16
4
25
) (
2
8
2
5
Radius
2 2
> + =
+ + =
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
=
c c
c
c

P(2, 4) lies outside the circle.


2
4
89
4
81
4
89
2
9
radius
<
+ >
+ >
>
c
c
c
CP

We can suggest c = 3 or 4 (or any value of c less
than 2 and greater than
4
89
).

11. (a) By substituting A(1, 3) into x
2
+ y
2
+ 6x + ky + 2 = 0, we
have

6
18 3
0 2 3 6 9 1
0 2 ) 3 ( ) 1 ( 6 ) 3 ( 1
2 2
=
=
= + + +
= + + + +
k
k
k
k

(b) From (a), the equation of S is x
2
+ y
2
+ 6x + 6y + 2 = 0.

) 3 , 3 (
2
6
,
2
6
Centre
=
|
.
|

\
|
=


4
2 9 9
2
2
6
2
6
Radius
2 2
=
+ =
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
=

12. (a)
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
5 ,
2
5
2
) 10 (
,
2
5
Centre


(b)
c
c
c
=
+ =
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
=
4
125
25
4
25
2
10
2
5
Radius
2 2

11
4
169
4
125
2
13
4
125
=
=
=
c
c
c


13. (a) By substituting P(a, 2) into x
2
+ y
2
3x + y 6 = 0, we
have

3 or 0
0 ) 3 (
0 3
0 6 2 ) ( 3 2
2
2 2
= =
=
=
= + +
a a
a a
a a
a a

(b) By substituting x = 0 into x
2
+ y
2
3x + y 6 = 0, we have

2 or 3
0 ) 2 )( 3 (
0 6
0 6 ) 0 ( 3 0
2
2 2
= =
= +
= +
= + +
y y
y y
y y
y y

The intersections of the circle and the y-axis are (0, 3)
and (0, 2).

14. C is the mid-point of AB.

Coordinates of C
) 3 , 0 (
2
6 0
,
2
2 2
=
|
.
|

\
| + +
=


13
9 4
) 3 0 ( ) 0 2 (
Radius
2 2
=
+ =
+ =
= CA

The equation of the circle is x
2
+ (y 3)
2
= 13
(or x
2
+ y
2
6y 4 = 0).

15. C is the mid-point of AB.

Coordinates of C
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
| + +
=
3 ,
2
3
2
) 1 ( 5
,
2
) 6 ( 3


4
97
4
4
81
)] 5 ( 3 [ 3
2
3
Radius
2
2
=
+ =
+ |
.
|

\
|
=
= CA

The equation of the circle is
4
97
) 3 (
2
3
2
2
= + + |
.
|

\
|
+ y x
(or x
2
+ y
2
+ 3x + 6y 13 = 0).
16. Let x
2
+ y
2
+ Dx + Ey + F = 0 be the equation of the circle.
The circle passes through O(0, 0), A(1, 0) and
B(3, 2).
By substitution, we have

0
0 ) 0 ( ) 0 ( 0 0
2 2
=
= + + + +
F
F E D
(1)

1
0 ) 0 ( ) 1 ( 0 ) 1 (
2 2
= +
= + + + +
F D
F E D
(2)

13 2 3
0 ) 2 ( ) 3 ( 2 ) 3 (
2 2
= + +
= + + + +
F E D
F E D
(3)
By substituting (1) into (2), we have

1
1
=
=
D
D

By substituting D = 1 and (1) into (3), we have

5
10 2
13 2 ) 1 ( 3
=
=
= +
E
E
E

The equation of the circle is x
2
+ y
2
+ x 5y = 0

|
|
.
|

\
|
= |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
+
2
13
2
5

2
1
or
2 2
y x .

17. Let x
2
+ y
2
+ Dx + Ey + F = 0 be the equation of the circle.
The circle passes through P(0, 2), Q(0, 6) and R(2, 4).
By substitution, we have

4 2
0 ) 2 ( ) 0 ( 2 0
2 2
= +
= + + + +
F E
F E D
(1)

36 6
0 ) 6 ( ) 0 ( 6 0
2 2
= +
= + + + +
F E
F E D
(2)

20 4 2
0 ) 4 ( ) 2 ( 4 2
2 2
= + +
= + + + +
F E D
F E D
(3)

(2) (1) :
8
32 4
=
=
E
E

By substituting E = 8 into (1), we have

12
4 ) 8 ( 2
=
= +
F
F

By substituting E = 8 and F =12 into (3), we have

0
0 2
20 12 ) 8 ( 4 2
=
=
= + +
D
D
D

The equation of the circle is x
2
+ y
2
8y + 12 = 0
(or x
2
+ (y 4)
2
= 4).

18. Suppose the circle touches the x-axis at A. Then CA is
perpendicular to the x-axis.

Radius
2
3
2
3
0
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
= CA

The equation of the circle is

) 0 25 3 10 (or
4
9
2
3
) 5 (
2
3
2
3
)] 5 ( [
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
= + + + +
= |
.
|

\
|
+ + +
|
.
|

\
|
=
(

|
.
|

\
|
+
y x y x
y x
y x


19. (a) The circle touches the y-axis.
Radius = 5
The equation of the circle is (x 5)
2
+ (y 4)
2
= 25 (or x
2
+
y
2
10x 8y + 16 = 0).
(b) By substituting y = 0 into x
2
+ y
2
10x 8y + 16 = 0,
we have

8 or 2
0 ) 8 )( 2 (
0 16 10
0 16 ) 0 ( 8 10 0
2
2 2
= =
=
= +
= + +
x x
x x
x x
x x

The coordinates of A and B are (2, 0) and (8, 0)
respectively.

20. Let C be the centre of the circle.
Coordinates of A = (6, 0) and coordinates of B = (0, 3)
OA OB
AB is a diameter of the circle.
(converse of Z in semi-circle)
The centre C of the circle is the mid-point of AB.

Coordinates of C
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
| +
=
2
3
, 3
2
3 0
,
2
0 6


4
45
4
9
9
0
2
3
) 6 3 (
Radius
2
2
=
+ =
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
= CA

The equation of the circle is

4
45
2
3
) 3 (
4
45
2
3
) 3 (
2
2
2
2
2
= |
.
|

\
|
+ +
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
(

|
.
|

\
|
+
y x
y x

(or x
2
+ y
2
6x + 3y = 0)

Level 2
21. Let x
2
+ y
2
+ Dx + Ey + F = 0 be the equation of the circle.
The circle passes through (0, 3), (4, 1) and (6, 1).
By substitution, we have

9 3
0 ) 3 ( ) 0 ( 3 0
2 2
= +
= + + + +
F E
F E D
(1)

17 4
0 ) 1 ( ) 4 ( ) 1 ( ) 4 (
2 2
= +
= + + + +
F E D
F E D
(2)

37 6
0 ) 1 ( ) 6 ( ) 1 ( 6
2 2
= +
= + + + +
F E D
F E D
(3)

(2) (3) :
2
20 10
=
=
D
D

By substituting D = 2 into (2), we have

25
17 ) 2 ( 4
= +
= +
F E
F E

(4)


(1) (4) :
4
16 4
=
=
E
E

By substituting E = 4 into (4), we have

21
25 4
=
= +
F
F

The equation of the circle is
x
2
+ y
2
2x + 4y 21 = 0 (or (x 1)
2
+ (y + 2)
2
= 26).

22. Let x
2
+ y
2
+ Dx + Ey + F = 0 be the equation of the circle.
The circle passes through (1, 5), (6, 2) and
(3, 11).
By substitution, we have

26 5
0 ) 5 ( ) 1 ( 5 1
2 2
= + +
= + + + +
F E D
F E D
(1)

40 2 6
0 ) 2 ( ) 6 ( ) 2 ( ) 6 (
2 2
= +
= + + + +
F E D
F E D
(2)

130 11 3
0 ) 11 ( ) 3 ( ) 11 ( ) 3 (
2 2
= +
= + + + +
F E D
F E D
(3)

(1) (2) :
2
14 7 7
= +
= +
E D
E D

(4)

(3) (2) :
30 3
90 9 3
=
=
E D
E D
(5)


(4) (5) :
8
32 4
=
=
E
E

By substituting E = 8 into (4), we have

6
2 8
=
= +
D
D

By substituting D = 6 and E = 8 into (1), we have

60
26 ) 8 ( 5 6
=
= + +
F
F

The equation of the circle is
x
2
+ y
2
6x + 8y 60 = 0 (or (x 3)
2
+ (y + 4)
2
= 85).

23. (a)
26
25 1
) 3 2 ( ) 2 1 ( Radius
2 2
=
+ =
+ =

The equation of the circle is


26 ) 2 ( ) 1 (
) 26 ( )] 2 ( [ ) 1 (
2 2
2 2 2
= + +
= +
y x
y x

(b) By substituting x = 0 into (x 1)
2
+ (y + 2)
2
= 26, we have

7 or 3
0 ) 7 )( 3 (
0 21 4
26 4 4 1
26 ) 2 ( ) 1 0 (
2
2
2 2
= =
= +
= +
= + + +
= + +
y y
y y
y y
y y
y

The coordinates of A and B are (0, 3) and (0, 7)
respectively; or the coordinates of A and B are
(0, 7) and (0, 3) respectively.
(c)
26 =
= BC AC (radii)


10
) 7 ( 3
=
= AB

By the cosine formula,

fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. 157
13
12
52
48
) 26 )( 26 ( 2
10 ) 26 ( ) 26 (
) )( ( 2
cos
2 2 2
2 2 2
= Z
=
=
+
=
+
= Z
ACB
BC AC
AB BC AC
ACB


24. (a) Let C(h, 2h + 2) be the centre of the circle.

1
20 20
25 20 4 1 4 4 4 4
) 5 2 ( ) 1 2 ( ) 2 (
) 7 2 2 ( ) 0 ( ) 3 2 2 ( )] 2 ( [
(radii)
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
=
=
+ + = + + + +
+ = + +
+ + = + +
=
h
h
h h h h h h h
h h h h
h h h h
CB CA

Coordinates of C = (1, 4)

Radius
10
1 9
) 3 4 ( )] 2 ( 1 [
2 2
=
+ =
+ =
= CA

The equation of the circle is
(x 1)
2
+ (y 4)
2
= 10
(or x
2
+ y
2
2x 8y + 7 = 0).
(b)
radius
5
1 4
) 4 5 ( ) 1 3 (
2 2
<
=
+ =
+ = CP

P(3, 5) lies inside the circle.

25. (a) Let C(0, k) be the centre of the circle.

3
6 2
4 4 4 1 2 1
) 2 ( ) 0 2 ( ) 1 ( ) 0 1 (
(radii)
2 2
2 2 2 2
=
=
+ + + = + + +
+ = +
=
k
k
k k k k
k k
CB CA

Coordinates of C = (0, 3)

Radius
5
4 1
)] 3 ( 1 [ ) 0 1 (
2 2
=
+ =
+ =
= CA

The equation of the circle is x
2
+ (y + 3)
2
= 5
(or x
2
+ y
2
+ 6y + 4 = 0).

(b)
radius
10
1 9
)] 2 ( 3 [ )] 3 ( 0 [
2 2
>
=
+ =
+ = CQ

Q(3, 2) lies outside the circle.

26. (a) The circle touches the x-axis at A(2, 0).
The line joining the centre of the circle and A is
perpendicular to the x-axis.
Let E(2, k) be the centre of the circle.

2
5
5 2
1 2 4
)] 1 ( [ )] 4 ( 2 [ 0
(radii)
2 2
2 2
=
=
+ + + =
+ =
=
k
k
k k k
k k
EB EA

The equation of the circle is

4
25
2
5
) 2 (
2
5
2
5
)] 2 ( [
2
2
2 2
2
= |
.
|

\
|
+ + +
|
.
|

\
|
=
(

|
.
|

\
|
+
y x
y x

(or x
2
+ y
2
+ 4x + 5y + 4 = 0)
(b) By substituting x = 0 into

4
25
2
5
) 2 (
2
2
= |
.
|

\
|
+ + + y x , we have

4 or 1
2
3
2
5
4
9
2
5
4
25
2
5
2
2
2
2
= =
=
= |
.
|

\
|
+
= |
.
|

\
|
+ +
y y
y
y
y

The coordinates of C and D are (0, 1) and
(0, 4) respectively.


3
) 4 ( 1
=
= CD


27. (a) Coordinates of C ) , ( r r =
(b) The equation of the circle is (x + r)
2
+ (y r)
2
= r
2
.
The circle passes through A(1, 8).
By substituting (1, 8) into
(x + r)
2
+ (y r)
2
= r
2
, we have

13 or 5
0 ) 13 )( 5 (
0 65 18
16 64 2 1
) 8 ( ) 1 (
2
2 2 2
2 2 2
= =
=
= +
= + + +
= + +
r r
r r
r r
r r r r r
r r r

The possible equations of the circle are

and
). 0 169 26 26 (or
169 ) 13 ( ) 13 (
) 0 25 10 10 (or
25 ) 5 ( ) 5 (
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
= + + +
= + +
= + + +
= + +
y x y x
y x
y x y x
y x


28. (a) Let (2k, k) be the coordinates of C.
The circle touches the y-axis at P(0, 1).
CP is perpendicular to the y-axis.
k = 1

Coordinates of C
) 1 , 2 (
) 1 ), 1 ( 2 (
=
=

Radius = CP = 2
The equation of the circle is
4 ) 1 ( ) 2 (
2 2
= + + y x
(or x
2
+ y
2
4x + 2y + 1 = 0).
(b) By substituting y = 0 into 4 ) 1 ( ) 2 (
2 2
= + + y x , we have

3 2
3 ) 2 (
4 1 ) 2 (
2
2 2
=
=
= +
x
x
x

The x-intercepts of the circle are 3 2 and
3 2 + .

29. (a) Let M be the mid-point of AB.
CM AB (line joining centre to mid-pt.
of chord chord)
x-coordinate of C
5
2
8 2
=
+
=

Suppose the circle touches the y-axis at N.
Then CN is perpendicular to the y-axis.
Radius
5 =
= CN

(b) Let (5, k) be the coordinates of C.
The equation of the circle is
(x 5)
2
+ (y k)
2
= 25 (1)
By substituting (2, 0) into (1), we have

4
16
25 9
25 ) 0 ( ) 5 2 (
2
2
2 2
=
=
= +
= +
k
k
k
k

For k = 4,
coordinates of C = (5, 4)

radius 52 36 16
)] 2 ( 4 [ ) 1 5 (
2 2
> = + =
+ = CP

But P(1, 2) lies inside the circle.
k = 4
For k = 4,
coordinates of C = (5, 4)

radius 20 4 16
)] 2 ( 4 [ ) 1 5 (
2 2
< = + =
+ = CP

P(1, 2) lies inside the circle.
k = 4
The equation of the circle is


25 ) 4 ( ) 5 (
25 )] 4 ( [ ) 5 (
2 2
2 2
= + +
= +
y x
y x

(or x
2
+ y
2
10x + 8y + 16 = 0)

30. (a) C
1
cuts the x-axis at two points A and B.
By substituting y = 0 into
x
2
+ y
2
8x + 4y + 15 = 0, we have

5 or 3
0 ) 5 )( 3 (
0 15 8
0 15 ) 0 ( 4 8 0
2
2 2
= =
=
= +
= + + +
x x
x x
x x
x x

The coordinates of A and B are (3, 0) and (5, 0)
respectively.
(b) Coordinates of S
) 2 , 4 (
2
4
,
2
) 8 (
=
|
.
|

\
|

=

Let M and S be the mid-point of AB and the centre of C
2

respectively.
SM AB and SM AB
SS AB (line joining centre to mid-pt.
of chord chord)
Let (4, k) be the coordinates of S.
C
2
passes through A and S.


4
3
3 4
4 4 1
)] 2 ( [ ) 4 4 ( ) 0 ( ) 3 4 (
2 2
2 2 2 2
=
=
+ + = +
+ = +
k
k
k k k
k k

Coordinates of S |
.
|

\
|
=
4
3
, 4

Radius of C
2
4
5
16
9
1
0
4
3
) 3 4 (
2
2
=
+ =
|
.
|

\
|
+ =

The equation of C
2
is

0 30 3 16 2 2
16
25
16
9
2
3
16 8
4
5
4
3
) 4 (
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
= + + +
= + + + +
|
.
|

\
|
= |
.
|

\
|
+ +
y x y x
y y x x
y x

(c) Radius of
5
15 4 16
15
2
4
2
8
2 2
1
=
+ =
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
= C

The ratio of the area of C
1
to that of C
2


5 : 16
16
25
: 5
4
5
: ) 5 (
2
2
=
=
|
.
|

\
|
= t t

31. (a) Centre of C
1
) 0 , 2 (
2
0
,
2
) 4 (
=
|
.
|

\
|

=


Radius of C
1
1
3 4
3
2
0
2
4
2 2
=
=
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
=

Centre of C
3
= (2, 0)

Radius of
3
1 3
3
=
= C

The equation of C
3
is

0 5 4
9 4 4
3 ) 2 (
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
= +
= + +
= +
x y x
y x x
y x

(b) Centre of C
2
) 5 , 2 (
2
10
,
2
) 4 (
=
|
.
|

\
|

=


Radius of C
2
2
25 25 4
25
2
10
2
4
2 2
=
+ =
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
=

Distance between the centres of C
2
and C
3


5
) 0 5 ( ) 2 2 (
2 2
=
+ =


Radius of C
2
+ radius of C
3
5
3 2
=
+ =

Distance between the centres of C
2
and C
3

= radius of C
2
+ radius of C
3

C
2
and C
3
touch each other.

32. (a) Slope of AB
2
1
2 6
2 4
=

=

Slope of BC
2
10 6
) 4 ( 4
=


=

1 ) 2 (
2
1
of slope of Slope = = BC AB
AB BC
ABC is a right-angled triangle.
(b) AB BC
AC is a diameter of the circle.
(converse of Z in semi-circle)
Centre of the circle

) 1 , 6 (
2
) 4 ( 2
,
2
10 2
of point - mid
=
|
.
|

\
| + +
=
= AC


Radius of the circle
5
25
9 16
) 2 1 ( ) 2 6 (
2 2
=
=
+ =
+ =

The equation of the circumcircle of ABC is

25 ) 1 ( ) 6 (
5 )] 1 ( [ ) 6 (
2 2
2 2 2
= + +
= +
y x
y x

) 0 12 2 12 or (
2 2
= + + + y x y x
(c) Let (h, k) be the coordinates of D.
Slope of AD
2
2

=
h
k

Slope of CD
10
4
10
) 4 (

+
=


=
h
k
h
k

ABCD is a rectangle.
Slope of AD = slope of BC
and slope of CD = slope of BA
i.e. 2
2
2
=

h
k
and
2
1
10
4
=

+
h
k

4 2 2 + = h k and 10 8 2 = + h k
6 2 = + k h (1) and 18 2 = k h (2)

(1) (2) 2 :
6
30 5
=
=
k
k

By substituting k = 6 into (1), we have

6
6 ) 6 ( 2
=
= +
h
h

Coordinates of D ) 6 , 6 ( =

33. (a) By substituting y = 0 into x 3y + 3 = 0, we have

3
0 3 ) 0 ( 3
=
= +
x
x

Coordinates of A ) 0 , 3 ( =
By substituting x = 0 into 4x + 3y 18 = 0, we have

6
0 18 3 ) 0 ( 4
=
= +
y
y

Coordinates of B ) 6 , 0 ( =

= +
= +
) 2 .....( 0 18 3 4 :
) 1 ......( 0 3 3 :
2
1
y x L
y x L

(1) + (2) :
3
0 15 5
=
=
x
x

By substituting x = 3 into (1), we have

2
0 3 3 3
=
= +
y
y

Coordinates of C ) 2 , 3 ( =
(b) (i) Let x
2
+ y
2
+ Dx + Ey + F = 0 be the equation of the
circle.
The circle passes through A(3, 0), B(0, 6) and
C(3, 2).
By substitution, we have

9 3
0 ) 0 ( ) 3 ( 0 ) 3 (
2 2
= +
= + + + +
F D
F E D

(3)

36 6
0 ) 6 ( ) 0 ( 6 0
2 2
= +
= + + + +
F E
F E D

(4)

13 2 3
0 ) 2 ( ) 3 ( 2 3
2 2
= + +
= + + + +
F E D
F E D

(5)

(4) (3):
9 2
27 6 3
= +
= +
E D
E D

(6)

(5) (4): 23 4 3 = E D (7)

(6) 2 + (7) :
1
5 5
=
=
D
D

By substituting D = 1 into (6), we have

5
9 2 1
=
= +
E
E

By substituting E = 5 into (4), we have
F = 6
The equation of the circle is
x
2
+ y
2
+ x 5y 6 = 0.

(ii) Centre
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
5
,
2
1
2
) 5 (
,
2
1


Radius
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
=
+ + =
|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
=
2
2 5
or
2
5
2
25
6
4
25
4
1
) 6 (
2
5
2
1
2 2

(c) Distance between the centre of the circle and the point D

circle the of radius
2
5
2
25
4
49
4
1
6
2
5
) 1 (
2
1
2 2
=
=
=
+ =
|
.
|

\
|
+
(

=

ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.

34. (a) The circle cuts the y-axis at two points P
and Q.
By substituting x = 0 into
x
2
+ y
2
+ 4x + 5y + 4 = 0, we have

4 or 1
0 ) 4 )( 1 (
0 4 5
0 4 5 ) 0 ( 4 0
2
2 2
= =
= + +
= + +
= + + + +
y y
y y
y y
y y

The coordinates of P and Q are (0, 1) and
(0, 4) respectively.
The circle touches the x-axis at the point R.
By substituting y = 0 into
x
2
+ y
2
+ 4x + 5y + 4 = 0, we have

2
0 ) 2 (
0 4 4
0 4 ) 0 ( 5 4 0
2
2
2 2
=
= +
= + +
= + + + +
x
x
x x
x x

The coordinates of R are (2, 0).
(b) Let (h, k) be the coordinates of S.

......(1) 4 2
2
2
0 2
) 4 ( 0
) 2 (
0
of slope of Slope
= +
=
+


=

=
k h
h
k
h
k
RQ RS

PS RQ


......(2) 2 2
2
1 1
2
1
0
) 1 (
2
1
of slope
=
=
+
=

=
k h
h
k
h
k
PS


(1) 2 + (2) :
5
6
6 5
=
=
h
h

By substituting
5
6
= h into (1), we have

5
8
4
5
6
2
=
= + |
.
|

\
|

k
k

The coordinates of S are |
.
|

\
|

5
8
,
5
6
.
(c) (i) PS QS
PQ is a diameter of the circle passing through P,
Q and S.
(converse of Z in semi-circle)

|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
| +
=
=
2
5
, 0
2
) 4 ( 1
, 0
of point - mid Centre PQ


2
3
2
) 4 ( 1
Radius
=

=

The equation of the circle passing through P, Q
and S is

4
9
2
5
2
3
2
5
) 0 (
2
2
2 2
2
= |
.
|

\
|
+ +
|
.
|

\
|
=
(

|
.
|

\
|
+
y x
y x

(or 0 4 5
2 2
= + + + y y x )
(ii) PS RS
PR is a diameter of the circle passing through P,
R and S.
(converse of Z in semi-circle)


|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
| + +
=
=
2
1
, 1
2
0 1
,
2
) 2 ( 0
of point - mid Centre PR


2
5
1 4
2
1
)] 1 ( 0 [ ) 0 2 (
2
1
2
1
Radius
2 2
=
+ =
+ =
= PR

The equation of the circle passing through P, R
and S is

4
5
2
1
) 1 (
2
5
2
1
)] 1 ( [
2
2
2
2
2
= |
.
|

\
|
+ + +
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
(

|
.
|

\
|
+
y x
y x

(or 0 2
2 2
= + + + y x y x )

35. (a) The circle cuts the x-axis at A and B.
By substituting y = 0 into the equation of S, we have

10 or 1
0 ) 10 )( 1 (
0 10 11
0 10 ) 0 ( 7 11 0
2
2 2
= =
=
= +
= + +
x x
x x
x x
x x

The coordinates of A and B are (1, 0) and
(10, 0) respectively.
The circle cuts the y-axis at P and Q.
By substituting x = 0 into the equation of S, we have

5 or 2
0 ) 5 )( 2 (
0 10 7
0 10 7 ) 0 ( 11 0
2
2 2
= =
=
= +
= + +
y y
y y
y y
y y

The coordinates of P and Q are (0, 2) and (0, 5)
respectively.
(b) (i) Let (h, 0) be the coordinates of R.
Slope of PR = slope of QB


4
2
1 2
0 10
5 0
0
0 2
=
=

h
h
h

The coordinates of R are (4, 0).
Area of trapezium PRBQ

units sq. 21
units sq. ) 2 )( 4 (
2
1
) 5 )( 10 (
2
1
of area of area
=
(

=
= ORP OBQ

(ii) 20 2 4
2 2
= + = PR
125 5 10
2 2
= + = QB
Let d be the distance between the parallel lines PR
and QB.

5
6
5 7
42
) 5 5 5 2 (
2
1
21
) 125 20 (
2
1
21
) (
2
1
trapezium of Area
=
=
+ =
+ =
+ =
d
d
d
d QB PR PRBQ

The required distance is
|
|
.
|

\
|
5
5 6
or
5
6
.
(c) Let S and T be the mid-points of PQ and RB respectively.
Coordinates of S
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
| +
=
2
7
, 0
2
5 2
, 0

Coordinates of T
) 0 , 7 (
0 ,
2
4 10
=
|
.
|

\
| +
=

The equation of ST is

0 7 2
) 7 (
2
1
0 7
2
7
0
7
0
= +
=

y x
x y
x
y

The required circle satisfies (1) and (2).
Its centre lies on 0 7 2 = + y x and its radius is
5
3
.
Consider 0 7 2 = + y x .

When x = 1,
3
0 7 2 1
=
= +
y
y

One possible equation of the required circle is

5
9
) 3 ( ) 1 (
2 2
= + y x .

When x = 3,
2
0 7 2 3
=
= +
y
y

One possible equation of the required circle is

5
9
) 2 ( ) 3 (
2 2
= + y x .
(or any other reasonable answers)