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Economics YL Notes
↑ ↓
↓ ↑
↑ ↓ ↑ ↑
↓ ↓ ↑ ↓
↑
↔
↓
↑ ↑
↓ ↓
↑ ↑
↓ ↓
↑
↓
↑ ↓
↓ ↑
↓ ↓
↓ ↓
↓ ↓
↓ ↓
↑ ↓
↓ ↑
↓
↓
↑ ↓
↓ ↑
↓
↑
↓
↓ ↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
→
↓
× ×
↓
× ×
↓
↓
↓ ↓
↓
↑ ↓
↑ ↑ , ↓ ↓
→ →
↓ ↓
↑ ↑, ↔ ↑ ↔ , ∆
↓ ↓, ↔ ↓ ↔ , ∆
↑ ↓ ↑ ↑
%CID △Q P 𝑄1 −𝑄2 𝑃1
× ×
% CIP △P Q 𝑃1 −𝑃2 𝑄1
∞
% change in quantity Demand
% change in Price
100
∞
0
is
%CID 0
% CIP 100
>
△ △
∴
△ <△
∴
%CID △Q P
×
% CIP △P Q
𝑄1 −𝑄2 𝑃
× 1
𝑃1 −𝑃2 𝑃2
Lower segment ℒ
Upper segment 𝑢
● ● ●
૦૪
<
>
<
>
↑ ↑
↓ ↓
↓ ↑ ↑
𝑄1 −𝑄2 𝑃1 −𝑃2
𝑄1 +𝑄1 𝑃1 +𝑃1
2 2
𝑄1 −𝑄2 𝑃1 −𝑃2
×
𝑄1 −𝑄2 𝑃1 −𝑃2
𝑄1 −𝑄2 𝑃1 +𝑃2
×
𝑄1 +𝑄2 𝑃1 −𝑃2
100 450
×
3900 50
% Change in quantity DD
% Change in income
% CID
% CIY
∆𝑄 𝑌
×
∆𝑌 𝑄
𝑄1 −𝑄2 𝑌1
×
𝑌1 −𝑌2 𝑄1
-
𝑄1 −𝑄2 𝑌1 + 𝑌2
×
𝑄1 +𝑄2 𝑌− 𝑌2
% 𝐶/𝐷 20
=2
% 𝐶/𝑌 10
∴
% 𝐶/𝐷 10 1
% 𝐶/𝑌 20 2
-
𝐶
% 20
𝐷
- 𝐶 =1
%𝑌 20
-
-
% 𝐶/𝐷 0
- =0
% 𝐶/𝑌 20
-
- →
-
% 𝐶/𝐷𝑥
%𝐶/𝑃𝑦
∆ 𝑄𝑥 𝑃𝑦 𝑄𝑥1 −𝑄𝑥2
×
∆ 𝑃𝑦 𝑄𝑥 𝑃𝑦1 −𝑃𝑦2
-
-
-
-
>
-
-
-
-
<
-
-
-
-
-
∞
% 𝐶/𝐷
% 𝐶/𝐴
∆𝑄 𝐴
×
∆𝐴 𝑄
𝑄1 −𝑄2 𝐴1
×
𝐴1 −𝐴2 𝑄1
𝑄1 −𝑄2 𝐴1 +𝐴2
×
𝐴1 +𝐴2 𝐴1 −𝐴2
↑
↑
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
𝑇𝑢𝑛 = 𝑀𝑈1 + 𝑀𝑈2 + 𝑀𝑈3 +. . 𝑀𝑈𝑛
𝑇𝑢𝑛 = 𝐸𝑀𝑈𝑛
𝑇𝑢
𝐴𝑈 =
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
∆ 𝑇𝑢
𝑀𝑈𝑛 =
∆ 𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
∴ 𝑇𝑢𝑛 = 𝐴𝑢 × 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
>
<
↓ ↓
↓ ↓
-
-
-
12 18 24
= = =
2 3 4
>
<
>
<
-
-
∆ ∆
-
-
∆ 𝑆𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑒
∆ 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
-
-
-
-
-
-
𝑀𝑈𝑋 𝑃𝑥
=
𝑀𝑈𝑌 𝑃𝑦
>
>
↑ ↑ ↓ ↓
↑ ↓
↓ ↑
↑
↓
↑ ↑
↓ ↓
↓
↑
↑
↓
↑ ↑ ↓ ↓
↑
↓
% CIS
Es =
% CIP
∆ Qs P
Es = ×
∆P Qs
Qs1 −Qs2 P1
Es = ×
P1 −P2 Qs1
-
∞
>
<
-
- ∞
-
-
-
-
-
- >
-
- <
-
-
-
- °
3
∑ ∑
× ×
△ △ △ △
↑ ↑↑ ↑ ↑↑
↓ ↑↓ ↓ ↑↓
↔ ↑↔ ↔ ↑↔
↑ ↑ > ↑ ↑ >
↓ ↓ < ↓ ↓ <
↑↑
↑↓
↑↔
↓
↑↓ ↔
(0)
>
<
>
<
-
∆ Sacrifice ∆K
∆ Production ∆L
↓)
↑ ↑ ↓ ↓
-
-
𝑀𝑃𝐿 𝑃𝐿
𝑀𝑃𝐾 𝑃𝐾
𝑀𝑃𝐿 𝑃𝐿
>
𝑀𝑃𝐾 𝑃𝐾
𝑀𝑃𝐿 𝑃𝐿
<
𝑀𝑃𝐾 𝑃𝐾
∆ Sacrifice ∆ Sacrifice
∆ Consumption ∆ Production
∆ Sandwich ∆ capital ∆K
∆ Burger ∆ labour ∆L
-
-
-
-
-
TC TFC+TVC TFC TVC
= = +
Q Q Q Q
TFC
∴
Q
TVC
∴
Q
TFC TVC
∵
Q Q
∴
△TC
△Q
𝑇𝐹𝐶
𝑄
𝑇𝐹𝐶
𝑄
𝑇𝑉𝐶
𝑄
𝑇𝐶
𝑄
↓ ↓ ↓
↓ ↓
↑ ↓ ↓
↑ ↓
↑ ↑ ↓
is
△𝑇𝐶
△𝑄
△𝑇𝐶 △(𝑇𝐹𝐶+𝑇𝑉𝐶)
△𝑄 △𝑄
↓ ↑ ↑↑
↑ ↓ ↑↓ ↓ <
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
↓ ↓ ↓
↑ ↓ ↓ ↓
↑ ↓ ↓
↑ ↑ ↓ ↓
↑ ↑ ↓
↑ ↑ ↑ ↓
↓ ↑ ↓ ↑
∆ >∆
∆ >∆
∆ >∆
∆ >∆
∆ >∆
∆ >∆
∆ >∆
∆ >∆
×
MR1 + MR 2 + MR 3 +. . . MR n
×
TR P ×Q
=
Q Q
∆ TR
∆Q
↑ ↑↑
↓ ↑↓
⟷ ↑⟷
↑ ↑
↓ ↓
>
<
>
>
<
<
> >
>
×
<
→
→
>
<
>
-
>
<
<
<
↑
↓
⟷
>
<
× ×
× ×
<
< →
> →
>
>
>
<
<
<
↔
↓
>
<
𝐄𝐝
𝐄𝐩
−𝟏
[ 𝐄𝐩 ]
𝐄𝐝