STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS & DESIGN REPORT

OF
TWO STORIED EDUCATIONAL BUILDING
Jhapa Nepal
Bhadra 2080
 DECLARATION OF REPORT

This report investigated the current state of design of buildings as per the Nepal building
code (NBC) and IS code act. The main target of the analysis and design of the building is
to make the building stable along with in care of optimization. Optimization of building is
most essential for the economic aspects of the building.

We have adopted both static analysis and checked the stability of the frames with optimized
percentage of steel.

Hence, we have adopted all parameters for static analysis and design accordingly. The
site supervisions & quality test of the different constructions materials of the
proposed building do not undertake by the structural engineer (herein the Designer).
Hence any failure or error occurred with the building due to the non –
implementation of the recommendations made in this report. Also, additional element
added in the structure is strictly prohibited. Also, the strength and reinforcement in
section collected from the existing drawing and not measured by structural engineer
so, any difference in the report and existing data, Structural Engineer not responsible.

During analysis it was found that beam column capacity was not sufficient and also
the seismic gap. Hence structural engineer suggested that detail investigation will be
carried out on that area before construction.
Also, the structural engineer will not responsible for sub soil explorations at the site.
The foundation design has been completed only based on the soil test report and also
recommended follow the requirement suggested in soil test report for ground
improvement.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SN. Title

Background
1

2 Salient features of Building

3 Method of Analysis & Design

4 Loading Details/Types of Loads

5 Loading on Structural Model

6 Assumptions

7 Load Combinations

8 Determination of Seismic Load as per NBC 105:2020

9 Summary of Final Design Outputs

10 Analysis Outputs

12 Conclusion

11 References
1. BACKGROUND

Earthquakes are defined as earth’s surface vibrations caused by waves originating from
a source of disturbance in the earth mass. Earthquake is caused by volcanic eruption,
slipping of faults i.e. tectonic activities, big reservoirs, explosion etc.
In case of Nepal, slipping of faults i.e. tectonic activities cause earthquake because there
are number of active faults and thrusts in Nepal. Nepal’s geology is very young and
hazardous. Also, it lies in the boundary of two seismically very active tectonic plates of
the world i.e. Indian plate and Tibetan Plate. It is also said that the Indian plate is
moving toward the Tibetan Plate, which cause the slippage of the faults causing the big
earthquake. Thus, Nepal is very vulnerable with respect to seismic activities.
Though the time of shaking of earth mass is very small in fraction of seconds, it causes
very severe damages of properties as well as the lives. Nepal has so many experiences
about such destructive earthquakes. Out of them 1990 B.S and 2045 B.S& THE
RECENT EQs in 12th BAISHAKH 2072 are the Mostly known ones.
Thus, the seismic structural design of structures id found to be very essential for
countries like Nepal. The structures need to be designed and detailed so as to counteract;
the internal forces induced due to the earth mass shaking in base of these structures.
The design should ensure the structure against stability, strength and serviceability with
acceptable levels of seismic safety.
However, it would not be economically feasible to design the building so as to ensure
that they remain elastic and damage-free because the occurrence of maximum
earthquakes is low say one 75 years. Thus, it is reliable to design the ductile structure
and not to design damage free structure but not-collapsible structure for minimum
destruction in lives and properties. The design should ensure the structure against
stability, strength and serviceability with acceptable levels of seismic safety. In brief,
the aim of design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that structures being
designed will perform satisfactorily during their intended life. With an appropriate
degree of safety, they should sustain all the loads and deformations of normal
construction and use and have adequate durability and adequate resistance to the effects
of misuse and fire. Structural Analysis of the concerned building has been done in
details with analysis and Designs

Thus, the seismic design of the building is done and the brief has been prepared.

This report summarizes the structural analysis and design of building of (Two Storey)
Xavier School AT Jhapa Municipality -2 Jhapa District in Koshi Province.
It has planned to utilize the building as a Educational ASPECT. The analysis and
design have been based on the prevailing codes that are in practice in Nepal, the
National Building code of Nepal (105:2020) IS 456:2000 & IS 13920:2016 and the
other IS code at places if required. This report consists of the design procedures
adopted, the assumptions made, the inputs made in the design and the design output.
During Analysis we adopt NBC 105:2020 code for calculation of earthquake load
which method generally adopted by many designers in their analysis. In below figure
present the seismic Zonation of Nepal.

1
 Figure: Seismic Zoning Factor (NBC 105:2020)
SUGGESTIONS:
Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Nepal, for the first time, have been subjected to a
strong ground motion shaking during BARPAK Earthquake (7.6 Magnitude, Local
scale) in 12thBAISHAKH 2072 at 11.56 AM, resulting in a considerable damages of
RC Buildings in Capital city Kathmandu. It has been observed the Principle reasons of
failure are due to soft storeys, floating columns, mass irregularities, poor quality of
constructions materials & faulty constructions practices, inconsistent eq response, soil
& foundation effect & pounding of adjacent structures.
The Lesson learnt from Damages of RCC Buildings during Recent EQs occurred in 12 th
BAISHAKH 2072, that There should be greater emphasis on the quality of
constructions & importance of Ductile Detailing’s of beam-column joints & at other
critical locations of structural members, therefore as being the Designer, it is suggested
that the proposed building should be constructed under the proper supervisions of
skilled technical person (Engineer or Senior Sub Engineer)

2
 2. SALIENT FEATURES OF BUILDING

Building Type : Educational ASPECT

Jhapa Municipality -2 Jhapa District in Koshi Province.
Structural system : RCC Space frame with wall, ductile moment resisting frame
with Shear wall
Column : Size 300*300 and 300*450
Beam : Rectangular size (Main beams 300*450 300*500 and 300*600)
Slab : 125mm thick two way slab
Type of foundation : Isolated Footing
No. of Story :Two Story
Wall : 230 mm (9”) & 127mm (5”) thick brick and AAC masonry
Type of Sub-Soil : C (as per NBC 105) (As per site)

3. METHOD OF ANALYSIS & DESIGN

The analysis has been carried out with the most popular and reliable structural analysis
software “ETABS 2020 version 20.0.0.”. All the models are built up in 3-Dimensions
and actual 3-D analysis is performed ETABS 2020 is based on Finite Element Method.
Modulus of elasticity and poison’s ratio for the materials used are taken accordingly.
Beams and columns are modeled as frame (line) elements with sufficient and
appropriate meshing. The section properties used are based on preliminary section
sizing with consideration for deflection, minimum sizing specified and serviceability.
3.1 Reinforced concrete design
The following materials are adopted for the design of the elements:
1. Concrete Grade: M20 for all structural concrete including foundation concrete
(The concrete cubes with 150 x150x150 mm size should be casted & tested at 7
days & 28 days to ascertain the strength of M20 CONCRETE.
2. Reinforcement Steel – Fy500 (specification: Min. elongation = 15% &The
ration of ultimate strength to yield strength = 1.25). For this the reinforcement
bars should be tested for tensile strength test.

3
Material Properties – Summary
This properties was obtained from the NDT test and existing report.
Unit
E Design
Name Type ν Weight
MPa Strengths
kN/m³
Fy=500 MPa,
HYSD500 Rebar 200000 0.3 76.9729
Fu=545 MPa
M20 Concrete 22360 0.2 24.9926 Fc=20 MPa

The aim of structural design/analysis is the achievement of an acceptable probability

that structures being design will perform satisfactorily during their intended life with
an appropriate degree of safety, they should sustain all the loads and deformations of
normal construction and use and have adequate durability and adequate resistance to
the effect of misuse and fire.
Therefore, Limit state method is used for the design/analysis of RCC elements. The
design is based on IS: 456-2000, SP16, NBC 105:2020, and Reinforced Concrete
Designer’s Handbook are extensively used in the process of design Foundation design
is carried out to satisfy strength and stability requirements.

Preliminary Design for proportioning of the Structural Element

For the analysis, dead load is also necessary which depends upon the size of member
itself. So it is necessary to pre-assume logical size of member which will neither
overestimate the load no blunder estimate the stiffness of the building. So, the tentative
sizes of the structural elements are
Determined through the preliminary design so that the pre-assumed dimensions may
not deviate considerably after analysis thus making the final design both safe and
economical.

The tentative sizes of the Structural elements are determined through preliminary
design so that
After, analysis, the presumed dimensions may not deviate considerably, thus making
the final
design both safe and economical. The tentative sizes have been determined as follows:

Slab:
Preliminary design of slab is done as per the deflection criteria as directed by code
Clause 23.2.1
of [IS 456: 2000]. The cover provided is 20 mm and the grade of concrete used in the
design is
M20.
According to which, Span ≤ (Mft x Mfc) x Basic Value Eff. Depth
Where, the critical span is selected which is the maximum shorter span among the all
slab

4
element. This is done to make uniformity in slab thickness. The amount of
reinforcement will be
varied slab to slab but the thickness will be adopted corresponding to the entire slab.
Beam:
Preliminary design of the beam is done as per the deflection criteria as directed by code
Clause
23.2.1 of [IS 456: 2000] and ductility criteria of NBC 105:2020 code. The cover
provided is 30 mm and the grade of concrete used in the design is M20.
According to which, Span ≤ (Mft x Mfc) x Basic Value x Correction Fact
or Eff. Depth for span x Correction Factor for Flange
But,
According to Ductility code, Spacing of Stirrups in
beam should be d/4. So, for considering construction difficulties in actual field, it is
logical to use d/4 as spacing as per the construction practice in Nepal.

COLUMN:
Preliminary design of column is done from the assessment of approximate factored
gravity loads
and live loads coming up to the critical section. To compensate the possible eccentric
loading and
earthquake loads the size is increased by about 25%in design. For the load acting in the
column,
live load is decreased according to IS 875: 1978. Initially a square column is adopted
in this building project so as to provide internal aesthetics required from architecture
point of view but
the column size and shape will vary as per the requirement for the analysis, design and
aesthetic
value. The cover provided is 40 mm and the grade of concrete used in the column design
is M20.

Slab:
From Deflection Criteria [Effective Depth = Effective Shorter Span / (23 * MF)]
Beam:
For Practical rule as 25mm Depth for 300mm of Span covering deflection Criteria

Column:
From evaluation of approximate gravity loading coming up to the critical Column. To
compensate for the possible eccentric Loading and earthquake loads the size is
increased by about 25 % in design.

5
3.2 Detailing:
The space frame is considered as a special moment resisting frame (SMRF) with a
special detailing to provide ductile behavior at every joint between beams and columns
and in other parts to get ductility and comply with the requirements given in NBC
105:2020 Hand book on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing SP: 34.

4. LOADING DETAILS/TYPES OF LAODS

a.Dead Load: The Dead load comprises the loads due to the materials used in the
construction and parts or components in a building. It consists of the loads due to
structural elements like beam, column, wall, slab, staircase, etc.; finishes applied in the
building and some permanent structures like water tanks etc.
b. Loads on Beams supporting Two ways Slabs:
c. In case of Beams supporting two-way slabs, the
load distribution is trapezoidal on long beams and
triangular on short beams with base angle of 45▫
as shown in fig. The ordinates of trapezoidal and
triangular loads=qLx/2.

d. Assessment of unit Dead loads

e. Slab thickness : 125 mm for floor
(5.0” thk.)
f. Floor Finishing : 1.5 KN/m2 Assume thick
marble.
g. Cement concrete : 25 KN/m3
h. Brick and AAC work with plaster : 20 and 6KN/m 3
i. 3
Floor finish : 24 KN/m
j. Probable Partition : Considered in this cases 130 mm
k. Imposed Load: The imposed load comprises the loads due to the physical
contribution of people and the loads due to the nature of occupancy, the furniture and
other equipment which are a part of the character of the occupancy. The imposed loads
on the structural system are based on the codal provisions as specified in IS 875(part2)-
1987.

Assessment of unit Live loads

Unit Live Load on floors : 4 KN/m2, 3 KN/m2 and 5 KN/m2 for floor based
on occupancy

Unit Live load on staircase: 4 KN/ m 2

Unit Live Load on Roof : 1.5 KN/m 2

c. Lateral Load Calculation: According to NBC 105:2020 for analysis the seismic
resistant design. Hence, the effect of the earthquake is predominant than the wind load.
So, the frame is analyzed for the EQ as lateral load.

6
The Earthquake load has been calculated in accordance with NBC 105:2020. Two
directional (both +ve and –ve) seismic force has been considered for analysis. For this
loading seismic weight is considered as the total dead load plus approximate amount of
specified imposed load. While computing the seismic weight of each floor, the weight
of columns and walls in any story shall be equally distributed to the floors above and
below the story. The seismic weight of the whole building is the sum of the seismic
weights of all the floors. For calculating the Earthquake loads, no live load is considered
for roof and for all other floors live load is considered only 30% of floor area for non-
storage purpose and 60% for storage purpose as per NBC 105:2020 clause no.5.2 (Table
5-1).

Load Cases considered:

 Self-Weights
 DL floor finish = 1.5 KN/m2
 DL 9” Masonry Wall / DL of 5” wall with considering 30-40 % openings
for doors & windows.
 LL Floor
 LL Roof
 EQ (+X, -X direction)
 EQ (+Y, -Y direction

5. LOADING ON STRUCTURAL MODEL

The following considerations are made during the loading on the structural model:
 The loads distributed over the area are imposed on area element and that
distributed over length are imposed on line element whenever possible.
 Where such loading is not applicable, equivalent conversion to different loading
distribution is carried to load the model near the real case as far as possible.
 The imposed loading of infill walls is considered (as per architectural drwg.) as
equivalent UDL with 30% deductions for openings, but the actual modeling of
infill walls as equivalent Struts is not performed. Hence the stiffness of infill
walls is not considered.
 For simplicity of Structural analysis, Modeling of stair case is not performed &
no landing beam is considered. The DL & LL load of stair case is transferred to
the floor beam as equivalent UDL.
 Seismic loads are considered acting in the horizontal direction (along either of the
two principal directions) and not along the vertical direction, since it is not
considered to be significant.

7
  The floors diaphragms are assumed to be rigid.
 Centre-line dimensions are assumed for analysis and design. Preliminary sizes of
structural components are assumed as per Architectural Drawing.

For analysis purpose, the beams are assumed to be rectangular so as to

distribute slightly larger moment in columns. In practice a beam that fulfils
requirement of flanged section in design, behaves in between a rectangular
and a flanged section for moment distribution

EFFECTIVE STIFFNESS OF CRACKED SECTIONS

A rational analysis shall be performed in arriving at the elastic flexural and shear
stiffness properties of cracked concrete and masonry elements. In absence of
such analysis, the effective stiffness of cracked sections shall be taken from
Table.

Table Effective stiffness of different components

S No. Component Flexural Stiffness Shear Stiffness

1 Beam 0.35 Ec Ig 0.40 Ec Aw
2 Columns 0.70 Ec Ig 0.40 Ec Aw
3 Shear Wall 0.50 Ec Ig 0.40 Ec Aw
But G = 0.4E so Shear stiffness modifier taken as 1.

8
Wall load

Fig: Wall Load Assign

Main wall load = Unit wt. of brick masonry*thickness*Ht. of wall
Also, wall opening was considered where opening was given.

9
 Wind Load
Wind load calculated as per IS 875 Part II for roof truss design

Design/Check of Structural Members

All the structural members have been checked for the critical values as obtained from
above load combinations. The limit state method has been adopted for checking
structural members referring SP – 16, SP-34, IS 456- 2000, NBC 105:2020 design
requirement.

10
 6. ASSUMPTIONS
The following assumptions are taken into consideration in the seismic resistant analysis
and design of structures:
 Adequate supervision and quality systems are provided during execution of the
works.
 Construction is carried out by personnel having the appropriate skill and
experience.
 Construction materials and products confirm to the pertinent codes and
specifications.
 The structure is adequately maintained.
 The structure is used in accordance with the design brief.
 An earthquake is not likely to occur simultaneously with maximum flood, wind,
waves or tides.
 Resonance as visualized under steady state sinusoidal excitation will not occur,
as the small duration of earthquake is not enough to build up resonance
amplitudes. Subsoil does not considerably settle or slide due to earthquake at
the site of structure.

7. LOAD COMBINATIONS

Load Combinations for Parallel Systems (NBC 105:2020) Clause 3.6.1

Where seismic load effect is combined with other load effects, the following
load combination shall be adopted.
1.2DL + 1.5LL
DL + λLL + E
Where, λ = 0.6 for storage facilities
= 0.3 for other usage

Where :
DL : Dead Load
LL : Live Load & EL/E : Earthquake

11
 8. User Coefficient Auto Seismic Load Calculation

Earthquake Load Using NBC 105:2020

CALCULATION OF EARTHQUAKE COEFFICIENT

Important Factor (I) 1.25

Seismic Zone Factor (Z) 0.3
Spectral Shape Factor
Ch(T) 2.5

For Ultimate Limit State

Over Strength Factor 4
Ductility Factor 1.5
Design Coefficient 0.156

For Serviceability Limit State

Given Coefficient in Code 0.2
Ductility Factor 1.25
Design Coefficient 0.15

Calculation Using NBC 105:2020

User Coefficient Auto Seismic Load Calculation
This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load
pattern Eqx using the user input coefficients, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity
Direction = X
Factors and Coefficients
Equivalent Lateral Forces

Base Shear Coefficient, C C = 0.156

Base Shear, V V = CW

Calculated Base Shear

12
 Period
Directio W V
Used C
n (kN) (kN)
(sec)
X 0.35 0.156 6425.4487 1003.9764
X+ Ecc.
0.35 0.156 6425.4487 1003.9764
Y
X+ Ecc.
0.35 0.156 6425.4487 1003.9764
Y

Applied Story Forces

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story3 9 0 0
Story2 6 318.8569 0
Story1 3 685.1195 0
Base 0 0 0

13
Direction and Eccentricity
Direction = Y
Factors and Coefficients
Equivalent Lateral Forces

Base Shear Coefficient, C C = 0.156

Base Shear, V V = CW

Calculated Base Shear

Period
Directio W V
Used C
n (kN) (kN)
(sec)
Y 0.35 0.156 6425.4487 1003.9764
Y+ Ecc.
0.35 0.156 6425.4487 1003.9764
X
Y+ Ecc.
0.35 0.156 6425.4487 1003.9764
X

Applied Story Forces

14
Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir
m kN kN
Story3 9 0 0
Story2 6 0 318.8569
Story1 3 0 685.1195
Base 0 0 0

15
 9. SUMMARY OF FINAL DESIGN OUTPUTS

Section of columns & Reinforcement Details

C1 (300*450) C2(500*500) Remark
Ground Floor 10-20 mm dia. 4-16 mm + 4-12 mm dia. From existing Drawing
1st Floor 10-20 mm dia. 4-16 mm + 4-12 mm dia. (Check the all the
Roof 10-20 mm dia. 4-16 mm + 4-12 mm dia. member for limit state of
collapse)
For shear Stirrups (Tie) 4L 8 mm for All column (As per existing drawing) for
column name refer structural drawing.
Section of Floor Beams & Reinforcement details
Beam Category Size of Through Bar Extra Bar Remarks
Floor (Grid) Beam
Top bar Bottom Top Bottom
bar bar(corner) bar(corner)

For first floor 300x600 2-20dia 2-16dia + Beam details

beam + 2- 2-12dia for existing
12dia beam was
For first floor 300x500 2-20dia 2-16dia + obtains from
beam + 2- 2-12dia site engineer
12dia by field test
For first floor 300x650 2-20dia 2-20dia + and from
beam balcony + 2- 2-12dia structural
part 12dia drawing
For Secondary 250*375 2-16dia 2-16dia +
Beam for top for + 1- 1-12dia
resting truss 12dia

Shear bar 4-L 8 mm dia. 100 mm c/c at support and 150 mm c/c at mid.
For Secondary beam provide 2 leg 8 mm dia stirrups @ 100 mm c/c at support and 150
mm c/c at mid.

Reinforcements for floor slab: Thickness of slab = 125mm

Along Short Span(X Direction): 10 mm dia. bars @150mm c/c with extra cut
pieces upto L/4 from supports.
Along Long Span: 10 mm dia. bars@150mm c/c with extra cut pieces upto L/4
from supports.

16
Safe Member Sizes after Design for Truss

Columns: Column from RCC

Truss Members (Vertical and Inclined): ISNB32M
Truss Members (Rafter): ISNB50M
Purlin: ISNB65M
Roof Sheet: Corrugated Galvanized Iron Roof Sheet

Check for Storey Drift Ratio (Inter-story Deflections).

The ratio of the inter-story deflection to the corresponding story height shall not
exceed:
0.025 at ultimate limit state
0.006 at serviceability limit state
The deflections shall be obtained by using the effective stiffness properties of the
components as given in table 3.1.

Hence Safe in Ultimate limit state (0.025>(0.000801,0.00109)*4) ok/(Response

Spectrum)
Check in serviceability limit state
Ultimate value also less than 0.006 so serviceability also satisfy.

17
 Structural Output Table
Table - Modal Participating Mass Ratios
Period
Case Mode UX UY RZ SumUX SumUY SumRZ
sec
Modal 1 0.298 0.0002 0.9653 0.0096 0.0002 0.9653 0.0096
Modal 2 0.26 0.9172 0.0007 0.0159 0.9173 0.966 0.0255
Modal 3 0.237 0.0157 0.0118 0.8914 0.933 0.9778 0.9169
Modal 4 0.126 0.0001 0.0198 0.0129 0.9331 0.9976 0.9298
Modal 5 0.114 0.064 0.0003 0.0016 0.9971 0.9979 0.9314
Modal 6 0.106 0.0029 0.0021 0.0686 1 1 1
1.067E-
7 0.02 0 0 1 1 1
Modal 06
Modal 8 0.015 0 0 0 1 1 1
Modal 9 0.01 0 0 0 1 1 1
Modal 10 0.009 0 0 0 1 1 1
Modal 11 0.009 0 0 0 1 1 1
Modal 12 0.008 0 0 0 1 1 1
Frequency gap > 10% ok// Consider all the frequency greater than 33 Hz.
Table Modal Load Participation Ratios
Static Dynamic
Case Item Type Item
% %
Modal Acceleration UX 100 100
Modal Acceleration UY 100 100
Modal Acceleration UZ 0 0

Cum Cum
Mass X Mass Y XCM YCM XCCM YCCM XCR YCR
Story Diaphragm Mass X Mass Y
kg kg m m m m m m
kg kg
Story2 D1 63273.99 63273.99 10.3001 20.2083 63273.99 63273.99 10.3001 20.2083 12.6403 20.3029
Story1 D4 224963.89 224963.89 12.5987 20.1896 224963.89 224963.89 12.5987 20.1896 13.1022 20.1985

18
ANALYSIS INPUTS/ OUTPUTS

3D Model of the Building

19
Sample Frame Sections YZ Plane (ELV C.)

Frame Sections XY Plane ( 1ST Floor)

20
Sample Bending Moment Diagram (1.2 D.L.+ 1.5 L.L))

Shear Force Diagram ( D.L.+0.3 L.L+ Eqx) 3D)

21
Axial Force Diagram (1.2 D.L.+ 1.5 L.L))

22
 Reinforcement Design(3D)

For Steel

23
 Reinforcement Details/Check (YZ Plane Elv. B)

Reinforcement Details/Check (YZ Plane Elv. C)

Reinforcement Details/Check (YZ Plane Elv. E)

24
Reinforcement Detail/Check (XY Plane 1st Floor)

25
Column Beam Capacity Ratio Check (After Rebar Provided) (3D)

Note: Most of the Joint failure in Beam column capacity ratio for NBC 105:2020
compliance, But above first floor only truss. Detail investigation with RC jacketing
of column section required.

In Case of Steel

26
 Almost Similar Result for all elevation

Check For Shear Design

Since maximum shear area areuired around 1278 mm2 from plastic analysis so
provided 4-leg 8 mm (As per site report) shear bar area = 201.06mm2 and if we
provide 100 mm c/c spacing than provided shear bar = 2211.68 mm2/m which
enough.

27
Footing Reaction 1.5(DL + LL):

12. Conclusion:

This Building checked by using Reveised NBC 105:2020.

As per the code structure all the necessary check had been do

28
REFERENCES

1) Jain, A.K- R.C.C. Limit State Design, Nem Chand & Bros, Roorkee, 1990
2) Shah & Kale- R.C.C Design, Macmillan India Limited
3) Ashok k. Jain- Advanced Structural Analysis, Nem Chand & Bros, Roorkee, 1990
4) S.S. Bhavikati-Structural Analysis- II, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
5) V.N. Vazirani- Analysis of Structures-II, Khanna Publishers
6) S. Ramamrutham-Theory of Structures, Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company

Codes
1) I.S. 456-2000 -Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete
2) I S. 456-1978 -Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete ( S.P.-16 )
3) S.P.34-1987 - Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing
4) NBC 105:2020, Seismic Design of Building in Nepal
5) I S 13920-2016 -Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected
to
Seismic forces
6) I S 875-1987 -Code of practice for Design Loads for Buildings and Structures
Part 1- Dead Loads
Part 2- Imposed Loads

29
 Appendix
Appendix
ETABS Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Column Section Design (Summary)

Column Element Details

Elemen Unique Station Length
Level Section ID Combo ID LLRF Type
t Name Loc (mm)
C 12 * 18 DL + 0.3LL +0.6 Ductile
Story1 C3 12 0 3352.8 0.567
(10-20) LL - Eqy Frame

Section Properties
Cover (Torsion)
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm)
(mm)
300 450 43 15

Material Properties
Lt.Wt Factor
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
(Unitless)
29580.4 35 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Capacity
Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar %
Ratio
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m %
Unitless
769.145 -15.3829 -138.1482 15.3829 15.7718 2.06 0.607

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

30
 Initial Additional Minimum
K Factor Length
Moment Moment Moment
Unitless mm
kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major
0.615437 2752.8 -55.2593 0 15.7718
Bend(M3)
Minor
0.558818 2752.8 1.6866 0 15.3829
Bend(M2)

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 157.5617 127.3657 48.8396 157.5617 332.53
Minor, Vu3 172.1582 122.7741 49.3841 172.1582 532.49

Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear,
N/N N/N N/N N/N N/N N/N
Vu2
Minor Shear,
N/N N/N N/N N/N N/N N/N
Vu3

(1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Minor
Ratio Ratio
N/N N/N

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
3170.17 983.231
1350 27.8 769.145 1
5 2

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Section KL/Dept KL/Dept Ma
Consider Length KL/Depth
Depth h h Moment (kN-
Ma Factor Exceeded
(mm) Ratio Limit m)
Major Bending
Yes 0.821 450 3.765 12 No 0
(M3 )
Minor Bending
Yes 0.821 300 5.128 12 No 0
(M2 )

31
 Notes:
N/A: Not Applicable
N/C: Not Calculated
N/N: Not Needed

ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Beam Section Design (Summary)

Beam Element Details

Elemen Unique Section Station Length
Level Combo ID LLRF Type
t Name ID Loc (mm)
DL + 0.3LL +0.6 Ductile
Story1 B42 336 B1 150 4673.6 1
LL - Eqx Frame

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
300 600 300 0 35 35

Material Properties
Lt.Wt Factor
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
(Unitless)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

32
 Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-81.2054 14.1339 81.1724 4.8499

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-81.2054 24.9422 0 -106.1476

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2
-106.1476 447 0 447 364
Axis)
Bottom (-2
0 224 0 0 224
Axis)

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
190.5176 0 265.8983 131.9764 1304.12

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, T u & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
14.1339 80.5372 250 550 447.15

33
Slab Design Manual
Steel grade fy 500 N/mm²
Concrete grade M 20 N/mm²
Clear span length of
shorter span Lx 2.87 m
longer span Ly 3.048 m
5
Overall depth of slab 125 mm
Dia of bar provided
on major axis 10 mm
on minor axis 10 mm
Clear cover 20 mm
Live load on floor 4 KN/m²
Dead load of surface finish 1.5 KN/m²
Wall load on slab 0 KN/m²
Type of slab According to IS
456:2000 4
Width of beam provided 250 mm
Effective of depth of slab for major
axis 100 mm
Effective of depth of slab for minor
axis 90 mm
Effective span length of
shorter span Lex 2.995 m
Longer span Ley 3.173 m
Ratio of Ley/Lex 1.06
Lex/Ley < 2 Hence two-way slab
Consider width of slab 1m
Dead load = 25* 0.125*1 = 3.125 KN/m/m
Factored Total load, w =1.5*(
1.5+4+3.125+0) * 1 = 12.938 KN/m/m

Bending Moments
Negative moment at continuous edge
and positive at mid span
Calculating the Bending moment
coefficient
From IS 456:2000 Annex D Table
26
Table 26
Short span coefficient αx⁺ = 0.038
Short span coefficient αx⁻ = 0.051
Long span coefficient αy⁺ = 0.035

34
 Long span coefficient αy⁻ = 0.047

Respevtive moments from IS

456:2000 Annex D,
Positive moment at short span, Mx⁺ =
αx⁺*w*lex² 4.41 KNm/m
Negative moment at short span, Mx-
= αx⁻*w*lex² 5.919 KNm/m
Positive moment at long span, My⁺ =
αy⁺*w*lex² 4.062 KNm/m
Negative moment at short span, My⁻
= αy⁻*w*lex² 5.455 KNm/m

Check for depth (Singly

Reinforcement Section)
Absolute Max. moments 5.919 KNm/m
Check for depth, d = √Mu/(K*fck*b) 47.172 mm
Total Depth D = d+ clear cover +
dia./2 73 mm

Hence Safe
Assume depth of slab 125 mm

Calculation of Reinforcements
For under reinforcement design,
M = 0.87*fy*Ast*(d- fyAst/fckb)
Calculated Reinforcement Along
Astx+ 104.095 mm²
Astx- 158.145 mm²
Asty+ 95.674 mm²
Asty- 145.201 mm²
From IS 456-2000 cl.26.5.2.1
Minimum area of
Reinforcement,0.12% of bxD 150 mm²

Description Required Provided

Spacing of bar in x-axis (mid span) 523.599 150 mm
Spacing of bar in x-axis (support) 496.632 150 mm
Spacing of bar in y-axis (mid span) 523.599 150 mm
Spacing of bar in y-axis (support) 523.599 150 mm
Maximum Spacing from IS
456:2000 Cl. 26.3.3, min(300,3d) 300 mm

35
Check for deflection From IS 456-
2000 cl.23.2.1,
Steel stress of service loads Fs 83.079 N/mm²
percentage reinforcement Pt% at mid 0.524 %
Value of α, 23
Value of γ, 2
Actual deflection Lx/d 22.96
Permissible deflection α*β*γ*δ*λ 46
Hence safe in deflection,
Check for shear from IS 456-2000 cl.40.1, 40.2.1 Table19
percentage reinforcement Pt% 0.524 %
From IS456:2000,
Permissible shear from Table 19, 0.487 N/mm²
Actual shear, 0.186 N/mm²
From Cl. 40.1 Value K 1.3
Hence safe in shear
Check for maximum Dia. from IS 456:2000
cl.26.5.2.2
Permissible maximum size of bar 15 mm
Used Dia. Of bar 10 mm
Dia of bar allowed

Corner reinforcement If Required IS 456:2000 Annex D1.8

D1.9
Area of corner reinforcement = 3/4 *
max. +ve reinforced area in mm² 112.5 mm²
Size of corner mesh= 0.2*lx 599 mm
Dia of bar 10 mm
Spacing of bar 698.132 mm

Check for Deveplopment Length

Development Length Ld 566.406 mm
Ratio of M1/V 573.247 mm
Ld<M1/V , Ok

Provide 125 mm thick slab with 10 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c on shorter side (X-
direction) and 10 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c on longer side (Y- direction).
Provided reinforcement was sufficient.

36
 AS PER IS 456: 2000

Concrete grade, M 20
Steel grade, Fe 500
Axial Load 375 kN
UnfactoredAxial load, kN 250 kN
Mx, kNm 0 kNm
My, kNm 0 kNm
Column size, b 300 mm
Column size, d 300 mm
SBC of soil, kN/m2 77 kN/m2
Design factor 1.5

Pressure: Axial load 250 kN

App. Self weight 25 kN
Total weight P 275 kN

Area of footing = P/ SBC 3.57 m2

size of footing, Bf 1.97 m
size of footing, Df 1.97 m
Provided Area 3.881 m2 safe
Projection, b1 = (BF - b)/2 0.835 m
Projection, d1 = (Df - d)/2 0.835 m
Footing Pressure, AT Bottom
Since the moment at support are very Less and Its value Ignored,
Only Compression force (Axial Load) Gives Unifrom compressive Stress
Pmax = P/A + My/Zy + Mz/Zz
Pmax =σ 64.42 kN/m2
Pmin = P/A - My/Zy - Mz/Zz
Pmin 64.42 kN/m2
Where Zy and Zz are section modulus of footing slab
Zy=Bf*Df²/6 = 1.274 m³
Zz=Df*Bf²/6 = 1.274 m³
Eccentricity:
Since the uniform bottom stress so all the section lies on compression stress
Width b 1.97 m
Factored Bottom stress qu = 1.5* σ 96.627 kN/m2
Eff. qu 96.627 kN/m2
Shear Chk.
One way Shear : At distance d from face of column.
pt assumed 0.2 % From Table 19

37
 Designed shear stress 0.33 N/mm2
vu 92.322
d= 189.12 mm
d provided 350.00 mm safe

Two way Shear : At distance d/2 from face of column.

Perimeter 2600 mm
S.F. at this section 334.17 kN
Ks 1.00
tc 1.12 N/mm2
tv 0.37 N/mm2
Resistance 1,017.41 N/mm2 Safe

Flexure design:

For section efbg

pressure@f 96.63 kN/m2
pressure@b 96.63 kN/m2
Moment@eg. Meg 33.69 kNm
Design moment Mu 33.69 kNm
d provided 350.00 mm
Mu/bd2 0.27 N/mm2
pt 0.120 %
Lesser than assume value 0.200 %
Now,
pt provided 0.200
Ast 700.0 mm2/m width
provide 12# @125c/c
Ast Provided 814 mm2/m width
Safe
Check in other direction :
For section abcd
pressure@b 96.63 kN/m2
pressure@c 96.63 kN/m2
Moment@ad, Mad 33.69 kNm
Mu 33.69 kNm
d req 112.52 mm
M/bd2 0.27
pt 0.120 %
Lesser than assume value 0.200 %
Now,
pt provided 0.200

38
 Ast 700 mm2/m width
provide 12# @125c/c
Ast provided 814 mm2

Provided footing was sufficient for given bearing capacity

But

Point ID in above figure 214, 209, 204, 199, 194, 189 need to retrofit to increase
minimum size of 8’*8’ .

39