BSI Language Services Ga Ns Ee |e DIN 75 220 November 1992 AGEING AUTOMOBILE COMPONENTS IN SOLAR SIMULATION UNITS original language version Alterung von Kfz-Bauteilen in Sonnensimlationsanlagen eve b aan DEUTSCHES INSTITUT FUR NORMUNG Postfach 1107 D-1000 Berlin 30 GERMANY BSI Language Services has taken all reasonable measures to ensure the accuracy of this translation but regrets that no responsibility can be accepted for any error, omission oF inaccuracy. In cases of doubt or dispute, the original language text anly is valid © BSI Language Services British Standards Institution Lintord Wood, Milton Keynes. MK14 6LE ‘Tek: (0908) 220022 Telex: 825777 Facsimile: (0908) 320856UDC 529.11,011.5/:7:678.7.019.391, :620,193.6:532-2 DEUTSCHE NORM November 1992 Ageing automobile components in solar DIN simulation units 75 220 1 Field of application and scope ‘This procedure is used to determine the ageing behaviour of polymer automobile parts in their original installed positions and mountings. It is applicable to complex assemblies or whole vehicles and is therefore particularly suitable for revealing interactions between different materials within one component or between several components. It is more complete than DIN 75 202 in that changes of all properties relevant to use, such as shape, colour, gloss, feel to the touch, strength and the consequences of different degrees of thermal expansion resulting from exposure to artificial global radiation, heat/cold and moisture are evaluated. 2 Terms 2.1 Ageing All irreversible chemical and physical processes which take place over the course of time in a material. Comment: Accelerated ageing is often introduced artificially for test purposes. IN 50 035 Part 1/03.89) (From: 2.2 Sun simulator unit A solar simulation unit is a unit in which vehicles or components are exposed to artificial global radiation.DIN 75 220 2.3 Artificial global radiation Artificial global radiation is radiation similar to global radiation which is used for test purposes; the values for its spectral energy distribution and radiation intensity at the reference plane are given in CIE publications No. 20 and No. 85. 2.4 Test chamber The test chamber is a device in which the outdoor conditions on the external surfaces of a vehicle are simulated: outdoor conditions. 2.5 Test box The test box is a device in which the climatic conditions found in an enclosed car interior are simulated: indoor conditions. 2.6 Reference plane The reference plane is an imaginary plane in the test chamber or test box in which the specified climatic parameters, such as radiation intensity, temperature, etc. are measured, 2.7 Useable test area A solar simulation unit’s useful test area is the area in which the specified climatic parameters are maintained. 2.8 Surface temperature Surface temperature is the temperature which is created by the artificial global radiation and heat exchange with the ambient temperature on the surface of the irradiated component. It is higher than the test chamber and test box temperatures. Comment 1: In this standard surface temperature is characterised by the black standard temperature. Comment 2: The temperature of the irradiated surface of the specimen is determined by the radiation conditions, the properties specific to the material andDIN 75 220 surface of the specimen and the heat transfer coefficient. Correct measurements are expensive or physically very difficult. 2.9 Test chamber temperature (also: outdoor temperature) ‘The test chamber temperature is the air temperature set by air stabilisation. 2.10 Test box temperature (also: indoor temperature) The test box temperature is the air temperature set by air stabilisation. In the event of a test box being exposed to outdoor conditions. the test box temperature is a measured variable. 2.11 Specimen Specimens are complete vehicles, assemblies, components or sections of them. 2.12 Test pieces - Test pieces are material specimens which are taken from the specimen before, during or after the test for evaluation, Exposure zone 1 is @ part of the car imerior in which the components are subjected to. 2.14 Exposure zone 2 Exposure zone 2 is a part of the car interior in which the components are only subjected to 2 small degree of exposure due to their place of installation (e.g. door lining, carpets). 3. Brief description of the procedure Complete vehicle or external components are placed suitably in test chambers. Internal components are assembled as for installation and placed in test boxes. Radiation emitters, which generate an artificial global radiation, irradiate the specimens with a pre-specified radiation intensity at the additional climatic parameters specified in subclause 7.2.3, When the test is finished, the vehicle or the component in question is evaluated.DIN 75 220 4 Designation ‘The designation for an ageing test according to this standard is made up as follows: ~ number of standard - brief description of the test method in accordance with subclause 7.2 Ist example: Designation for a cycle test (Z) according to subclause 7.2.1 in outdoor conditions (OUT): Priifung DIN 75 220 - Z - OUT 2nd example: Designation for a long-term test (D) according to subclause 7.2.2 in indoor conditions (IN), exposure zone 2, humid climate (F), daytime: Priifung DIN 75 220 - D - IN-2 F 5 Aids and equipment 5.1 Measuring devices Alll the measuring devices listed below shall be suitable for recording the measured values. The measuring equipment shall be calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions; but at least once a year. 5.1.1 Radiation Measuring devices shall only be acceptable if the manufacturer supplies information on the receiver's temperature sensitivity and ageing and on the cos-accurate evaluation of the incoming radiation. The following equipment shall be used to measure the radiation intensity E in W/m? and, if required the irradiance, H in J/m?: a) im the spectral range 280 < > < 3000 nm This shall be measured using a pyranometer. A summary of radiation measurements during weathering may be found in ISO/TR 9673: 1992. "Solar radiation and its measurement for determining outdoor levels of weather exposure”.DIN 75 220 b) im the spectral range 280 < ) < 400 nm_ Measuring devices with photoelectric receivers (term as defined in DIN 5030 Part 5) and suitable filters shall be used to take wideband measurements Comment: The manufacturer shall provide information as to whether the photoelectric receivers are suitable for long-term measurements. 5.1.2. Temperature 5.1.2.1 Black standard thermometer According to DIN 53 387/04.89, subclause 5.2. Other measuring devices are permitted if they are shown to have equivalent characteristics. 5.1.2.2 Thermometers for measuring air temperature ‘The current temperature in the chamber shall be measured continuously using one or several sensors which are not exposed to direct radiation. ‘The temperature sensors used shall be expansion thermometers, thermocouples or, preferably Pt 100 resistance thermometers according 10 DIN IEC 751. 5.1.3 Relative atmospheric humidity Sufficiently accurate humidity measuring devices inside the selected climatic area which can be read without influencing the air in the test area are suitable. The following are preferred: ~ psychrometer according to DIN 50 012 Part 2 ~ LiCl hygrometer according to DIN 50 012 Part 5 ~ capacitance-based humidity sensor. The measuring probes shall be protected from exposure to direct radiation. 5.2 Reference materials ‘An additional check on the exposure conditions may be performed using reference materials whose ageing behaviour is well known. Standard shade 6 on the light fastness scale according to ISO 105-BO1 (Beuth Order No. 45036), in dimensions 45 x 30 mm, backed with a 5 mm thick polyester fabric or polypropylene foam is suitable.DIN 75 220 5.3 Test equipment ‘There are two categories of test equipment according to the scope of application: a) test chamber for outdoor conditions as per Tables 2 and 5 b) test box for indoor conditions as per Tables 3, 4 and 5 ‘The main components of the test equipment are an irradiation unit, a temperature-adjustable test chamber and/or a text box to hold the internal fittings to be tested. 5.3.1 Radiation unit The radiation unit is used to generate artificial global radiation (see subclause 2.3). The main components are radiation sources, reflector systems and, if necessary, filter systems. The radiation unit shall conform to the requirements in Table 2 to 4 and the following requirements. ‘The tolerance for the radiation intensity shall + 5 % in the reference plane. In the usable test area, the radiation intensity shall be within + 10 % of the desired value (according to Tables 2 to 4) on each element of surface which is parallel to the reference plane. The spectral radiation distribution shall conform to Table 1 (see also DIN IEC 68 Parts 2- 5/11.82, Table 1). ‘A method of controlling or regulating the radiation intensity shall be provided. Comments: The manufacturer shall take care to ensure that the requirements for the radiation unit are observed in new devices. He shall also notify the operator of any possible influences from local conditions (power supply, test room equipment) or provide remedies.‘The average service life of the radiation source shall be indicated. The service life is deemed to have finished when the limit deviations listed in Table 1 are no longer adhered to or the required radiation intensity is no longer achieved. Monitoring during operation shall be in accordance with the guidelines given in clause 7 and shall use the equipment described in clause 5. At present, the best source to use for UW aid visible ranges Of Bloballradiauon is a (Renon/are lamp With suitable filters (see DIN 53 387, DIN 53-231 and DIN IEC Part 2 - 9), however, because of theif EXGESSiVelIR radiation! GORpOREAP and théligW (Cadiation efficiency in the UV/visible range they are not suitable for use in large test chambers. At present the’ best method to use for this purpose is atl halide IaRp) which simulates total global radiation. Table 1 Spectral radiation distribution of artificial global radiation Wave length range Proportion of total radiation intensity ‘Transmittance by 4 mm thick window ‘glass % Proportion of total radiation intensity behind 4 mm thick window glass & 280 to 230 0.5 £02 0.07 < 0.04 320 to 360 2.4 £06 0.61 18 t05 360 to 400 3.207 0.88 34nP 400 to 520 17.9 £18 0.89 19.2219 520 to 640 16.6 41.7 0.89 17,8 418 640 to 800 0.83 173 1D 800 to 3000 42.1 +84 0.80 40.5 +81 Comment: The standard glass used is 4 mm window glass, Because Of the transmission in the UV range, this glass simulates the so-called "worst case*. Obviously other types of glass ‘may be used, but this shall be agreed. It should be noted ‘that using other types of glass changes the transmittance and hence the spectral energy distribution. The use of 60 Radiation intensity**) Wim? 1000 + 100 1000 + 100 *) Guide value may be agreed between the supplier and customer **) _ Radiation distribution according to Table 1, second column Climate parameter Unit Dry climate Humid climate Black standard °C | (measured value) | (measured value) temperature*) Test box temperature °c 80 +3 8043 Rel. atmospheric humidity | % < 30 > 40 Radiation intensity**) Wim? 830 +80 830 + 10 *) Guide value may be agreed between the supplier and temperatures are around 120 **) Radiation distribution according to Table 1, fourth col oc customer. Typical umn Table 4. Indoor 2 (irradiation zone 2) - daytime Climate parameter Unit Dry climate Humid climate Black standard °C | (measured value) | (measured value) temperature *) Test chamber temperature | °C 6523 653 Rel, atmospheric humidity | % < 30 > 50 Radiation intensity**) Wim? 830. 80° 830 + 20 *) Guide value may be agreed between the supplier and customer. Typical temperatures are around 100 0 C **) Radiation distribution according to Table 1, fourth column 12DIN 75 220 Climate parameter Unit Dry climate Frosty climate Test box / test chamber °c 10 23 -10 43 temperature Rel. atmospheric humidity | % > 554) Condensation permissible *) This value allows for the fact that at low temperatures even in a dry climate (nighttime), high relative air humidity may occur 7.3 Monitoring the conditions of exposure 7.3.1 Monitoring using measuring equipment ‘The exposure conditions to be set and the resulting conditions shall be recorded and documented regularly. 7.3.1.1 Temperatures The temperatures for each test chamber or test procedure shall be recorded and documented at regular intervals as time-dependent values. 7.3.1.2 Radiation intensity Because of the unavoidable ageing and contamination of radiation emitters and filters, the minimum requirements for checks on the radiation intensity as follows: a) before the start of every test its spatial distribution shall be measured. ) during every test its temporal characteristics shall be measured at a selected reference point. Comment: The reduction in the radiant flux caused by ageing may be compensated for by increasing the power of the emitter, by reducing the distance to the test piece or by reducing the shade (e.g. wire grids). However, when using metal halide lamps, the power may only differ from the rated level in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Any deviations beyond this produce unacceptable changes to the relative spectral power distribution, 7.3.1.3 Relative atmospheric humidity The relative atmospheric humidity shall be recorded. 13DIN 75 220 7.3.2. Monitoring using reference material ‘The use of reference specimens is recommended to be enable non-quantifiable influential parameters to be monitored and the results produced by different pieces of test equipment 10 be compared. For the light fastness scale described under clause 5.2, a total colour difference Delta B of 4.3 + 0.4 should be the result after 48 h exposure in test conditions “indoor long-term test 1, daytime dry climate". If this value is not obtained, the test equipment shall be corrected. 8 Evaluation “The test pieces shall be evaluated during and after the test period. 8.1 Non-destructive tests 8.1.1 Visual comparison This is to evaluate changes in: a) appearance - gloss ~ stains - other changes to the surface - cracks b) contour changes ©) waviness d) delamination 8.1.2 Metrological evaluation Colour and gloss shall be measured using recognised tests, e.g. according to DIN 53 236. 8.2 Destructive tests Destructive tests, for which specimens have to be taken during the tests may place considerable restrictions on the informative value of the ageing tests for the whole component. 9 Test report ‘The test report should refer to this standard and contain details of the following: a) a description of the specimen b) identification data ©) material properties before the tests 144) performance of the test DIN 75 220 ©) equipment parameters, in the event of deviations from this standard 1) dates on which the experiments were performed, including test date g) evaluation of specimen after the test h) special observations i) any conditions which deviate from this standard. Quoted standards and other documents DIN 5030 DIN 50 012 DIN 50 012 DIN 50 012 DIN 50 014 DIN 50 035 DIN 53 231 DIN 53 236 DIN 53 387 DIN 75 202 DIN IEC 68 DIN IEC 68 Part 5 Part 1 Part 2 Part 5 Part 1 Part 2-5 Part 2-9 Spectral radiation measurements; physical receivers for spectral radiation measurements, terms, values, selection criteria Climates and their technical application; methods of measuring humidity; general Climates and their technical application; methods of measuring humidity; psychrometers Climates and their technical application; methods of measuring humidity; LiCl hygrometers Climates and their technical application; standard atmospheres Terms used in the field of materials ageing; basic terms Lacquers, paints and similar coating materials; artificial weathering and irradiation of coatings in equipment; stress from filtered xenon arc radiation Testing colouring agents; measuring and evaluation conditions for determining colour differences in paints, similar coatings and plastics Testing plastics and elastomers; artificial weathering or irradiation in equipment; stress from filtered xenon arc radiation Determination of the colour fastness of vehicle interior furnishings using xenon arc radiation Basic environmental testing procedures; Part 2: Tests; Test Sa: solar radiation at ground level Electrotechnology; basic environmental testing procedures; Tests; Guide for test Sa: Solar radiation, Identical to IEC 68-2-9, edition 1975 (status 1984) 15DIN 75 220 DIN IEC 751 Industrial platinum resistance thermometer and platinum resistances; identical to IEC 751 edition 1983 ISO/TR 9673 Solar radiation and its measurement for determining outdoor weathering exposure levels Publication CIE No, 20 Recommendations for the integrated radiation intensity and the spectral distribution of simulated solar radiation for testing purposes Publication CIE No. 85 Solar spectral irradiance Explanatory Notes ‘The practice of exposing complete components of the interior furnishings of motorised Vehicles to radiation stress to simulate realistic behaviour has been used for several years. ‘As most German vehicle manufacturers now have solar simulation units, it is important and desirable to produce a standard for the participating business circles. Therefore, in May 1989 a FAKRA Technical Committee “Ageing testing components” was set up. The technical committee was tasked with producing a clear description of the properties and operation of solar similar units to enable comparative tests to be performed. Although tests on light resistance have already been described, for example in DIN 75 202 and DIN 53 387, these are mainly pure material tests and not suitable for testing whole components, even with regard to the interactions between the different materials involved. Component tests can and should reveal weak points, such as design errors, laminate problems, diffusion processes and strength problems. ‘The technical committee attached particular importance to the fact that they were not standardising a specific test system, but providing sufficiently detailed descriptions to allow all types of commercially available equipment to be used. Obviously, particular attention was paid to defining radiation intensity, spectral distributions and possible filters. International publications are very careful to specify spectral distribution in the 280 to 3000 nm range. ‘Attempts to measure thermal radiation with longer wavelengths using white standard thermometers to enable the different radiation sources to be described were not successful. 16. DIN 75 220 Artificial light sources, such as xenon arc lamps, metal halide emitters, behaved in a very similar way in this range, so that white standard temperature measurements were abandoned. Itis very important to determine the temperatures. Air temperatures may be clearly measured and controlled. The question of the surface temperature of objects is critical, both in its definition and its measurement. Therefore, a special black standard thermometer was developed which was very suitable for the purposes of this standard. The following design of black standard thermometer was tested: 1 mm thick copper plate, round with a diameter of 50 mm or 70 mm x 40 mm rectangle, lacquered black, with a thermocouple and a 10 mm thick cork insulation at the bottom. If similar home-made devices are used, verification should be performed to ensure that the measured values conform to those of the black standard thermometer described in DIN 53 387. Particular attention was also paid to the fact that it will have to be possible to test both whole vehicles and components with the equipment to be standardised, The committee was unanimous in agreeing that alternate cycles are important in component tests. The resulting thermal expansion or contractions cause stresses which could result in warping, cracks etc. Existing experience pointed to alternate cycles which combined humid heat with dry cold, for example. The use of common names such as Arizona, Florida and Alp cycles was avoided. The technical committee deemed it important to consider the question of transition times between the different stages of a cycle. For reasons of economy, particularly with the cooling system, specific heating-up and cooling times were specified. However, these are only guide values for whole times and not requirements which have to be adhered for the entire heating- up or cooling down ranges. As simulators may run for long periods, it is recommended that all measurable values are recorded. 17DIN 75 220 ‘The committee also looked into the question of reference standards. Polystyrene chips according to SAE J 1885 and J 1960 were tested in ring trials and found to be unsuitable for the tests described in this standard. ‘Therefore other options were tested in further trials. ‘It was found that the light fastness scale, type 6, is suitable for a quick check on the test equipment. It was found to be useful to provide the light fastness scale with a backing made of a thermally insulating material to produce comparable thermal conditions. International Patent Classification G01J 1/00 G01 K 7/00 GOIN 17/00 18