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ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್‌ ಕನ್ನಡ

ದೃಗ್ಗನಿತಾ

ದೃಗ್ಗನಿತಾ (ದೃಗ್ಗಣಿತ, ದೃಗ್ಗಣಿತ, ದೃಗ್ಗಣಿತ; IAST:


dṛggaṇita, ದೃಕ್-ಗಣಿತದಿಂದ, "ದೃಷ್ಟಿ-ಗಣನೆ"),
ಇದನ್ನು ದೃಕ್ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಎಂದೂ ಕರೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ , [ 1 ]
ಹಲವಾರು ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಜ್ಞರು,
ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಜ್ಞರು ಮತ್ತು ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಜ್ಞರು
ಅನುಸರಿಸುವ ಒಂದು ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯಾಗಿದೆ. ಭಾರತ .
ಈ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಖಗೋಳ ವಿದ್ಯಮಾನಗಳ
ಅವಲೋಕನಗಳಿಂದ ಪಡೆದ ಕೆಲವು ಮೂಲಭೂತ
ಸ್ಥಿರಾಂಕಗಳನ್ನು ಬಳಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಲೆಕ್ಕಾಚಾರಗಳನ್ನು
ನಡೆಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ದೃಗ್ಗಣಿತದ ವಿಧಾನಗಳನ್ನು
ಬಳಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಲೆಕ್ಕಾಚಾರ ಮಾಡಿದ
ಪಂಚಾಂಗಗಳನ್ನು ದೃಗ್ಗಣಿತ ಪಂಚಾಂಗಗಳು ಎಂದು
ಉಲ್ಲೇಖಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ತಮಿಳು ಮಾತನಾಡುವ
ಜಗತ್ತಿನಲ್ಲಿ, ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ತಿರು-ಗಣಿತ
ಪಂಚಾಂಗಗಳು ಎಂದೂ ಕರೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ .

ದೃಗ್ಗಣಿತ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯು ಸೂರ್ಯ ಸಿದ್ಧಾಂತ ಎಂಬ


ಹೆಸರಿನಿಂದ ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಡುವ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ
ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ಗ್ರಂಥದಲ್ಲಿ ನೀಡಲಾದ
ಮೌಲ್ಯಗಳನ್ನು ಬಳಸುವ ಇತರ ಕೆಲವು ಪಂಚಾಂಗ
ತಯಾರಕರು ಅನುಸರಿಸುವ ವಿಧಾನಕ್ಕೆ
ವ್ಯತಿರಿಕ್ತವಾಗಿದೆ . ಈ ಗ್ರಂಥವನ್ನು ಬಳಸಿಕೊಂಡು
ಲೆಕ್ಕಾಚಾರ ಮಾಡಿದ ಪಂಚಾಂಗಗಳನ್ನು ಸಿಧಾಂಟಿಕ್
ಪಂಚಾಂಗಗಳು ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ .
ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ವಾಕ್ಯ ಪಂಚಾಂಗ ಎಂದೂ
ಕರೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ . [2]
ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿ ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ಇತಿಹಾಸದಲ್ಲಿ,
ಎರಡು ವಿಭಿನ್ನ ಸಮಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಮತ್ತು ಎರಡು
ವಿಭಿನ್ನ ಭೌಗೋಳಿಕ ಸ್ಥಳಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಎರಡು ವಿಭಿನ್ನ
ದೃಗ್ಗಣಿತ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಗಳನ್ನು ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ.
ಮೊದಲ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯನ್ನು ಹದಿನೈದನೇ
ಶತಮಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ಕೇರಳದ ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಜ್ಞ-
ಗಣಿತಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಜ್ಞ ಪರಮೇಶ್ವರ (1380-1460)
ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಿದರು. ಪ್ರಾಸಂಗಿಕವಾಗಿ, ದೃಗ್ಗಣಿತವು
ಪರಮೇಶ್ವರ ಅವರು ರಚಿಸಿದ ಪುಸ್ತಕದ
ಶೀರ್ಷಿಕೆಯಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಅದರ ಮೂಲಕ ದೃಕ್
ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯನ್ನು ಘೋಷಿಸಲಾಯಿತು. [1] [3]
ಹತ್ತೊಂಬತ್ತನೇ ಶತಮಾನದಲ್ಲಿ, ಚಿಂತಾಮಣಿ
ರಗೂನಾಥ ಚಾರಿ (1822 - 5 ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ 1880)
ಅವರು ಆಗಿನ ಮದ್ರಾಸ್ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯಕ್ಕೆ
ಲಗತ್ತಿಸಲಾದ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಜ್ಞರಿಂದ
ಎರಡನೇ ದೃಗ್ಗಣಿತ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯನ್ನು ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಿದರು
. [4] [5]
ಪರಮೇಶ್ವರನ ದೃಗ್ಗಣಿತ
The Drigganita system propounded by
Parameshvara was a revision of the
Parahita system introduced by Haridatta
in the year 683 CE. No new methodology
was introduced as part of the Drigganita
system. Instead, new multipliers and
divisors were given for the computation
of the Kali days and for the calculation of
the mean positions of the planets.
Revised values are given for the
positions of planets at zero Kali. Also the
values of the sines of arc of anomaly
(manda-jya) and of commutation (sighra-
jya) are revised and are given for intervals
of 6 degrees.[1]
A large number of manuals have been
composed describing the Drik system.
Since the results obtained using the
Drigganita system are more accurate, the
astronomers and astrologers use the
system for casting horoscopes, for
conducting astrological queries and for
the computations of eclipses. However,
the older parahita system continues to
be used for fixing auspicious times for
rituals and ceremonies.[1]

Drigganita of Ragoonatha
Chary
Chintamani Ragoonathachary, a native
astronomer took the initiative to modify
and publish a new almanac and thereby
introduced a change in the calendrical
system followed in the Tamil region. It
was clear during the middle of the
nineteenth century that the traditional
calendars were way off the mark. Not
only were there errors in the position of
stars, the old system predicted eclipses
when there would be none. As the
traditional almanac was seen to be quite
inaccurate, Chatre and Khetkar in
Bombay, Venkatakrishna Raya and
Ragoonathachari in Madras proposed
Drigganitha Panchang to replace the
traditional Panchang computations
based on the Vakya Panchang.
Ragoonathachari had to face the
criticism of the traditionalists who
argued against such improvements and
criticized him for his scientific zeal.
Ragoonathachary’s Drigganitha
Panchang not only provided the
traditional five calendarical elements but
also provided concordance with English
months and dates. Therefore, this
Panchang was of more practical utility;
native officials working in government
establishments or those dealing with
government found it handy. At the end of
a lot of, often acrimonious, Drig vs. Vakya
debate, a meeting was called at Sankara
Mutt at Kumbakonam and the meeting
arrived at the conclusion that the Drig
system needs to be followed and a new
almanac to be prepared on those lines.
Accordingly, the head of the Mutt, issued
a srimugam (message of blessing) in
1877 affirming support for the Drig
system. From then on a Drig almanac
began to be published under the
auspices of Kanchi Sankaracharya Matt
in the name of 'Sri Kanchi Math
almanac'.[4]

See also
Parahita

References
1. K. V. Sarma (1972). A History of the
Kerala School of Hindu Astronomy (http
s://translate.google.com/website?sl=en&t
l=kn&hl=kn&client=srp&u=https://archive.
org/download/KeralaSchoolOfAstronom
y/Kerala%2520School%2520of%2520Astr
onomy.pdf) (PDF). Vishveshvarananda
Institute of Sanskrit and indological
Studies, Panjab University, Hoshiarpur.
pp. 9–10. Retrieved 18 February 2016.

2. N. Narasimha Rao (February 2005).


Basics of Panchangam (https://translate.
google.com/website?sl=en&tl=kn&hl=kn&
client=srp&u=http://multifaiths.com/pdf/
Panchang.pdf) (PDF). Shri Vijayadhwaja
Jnanapeeta (Regd.) Shri Pejavara Mutt.
Retrieved 18 February 2016.

3. Critically edited with an Introduction by K.


V. Sarma (1963). Drigganita.
Vishveshvarananda Institute of Sanskrit
and indological Studies, Panjab University,
Hoshiarpur. {{cite book}}: |last1=
has generic name (help)

4. Venkateswaran T. V. "Chinthamani
Ragoonathachary and Secularization of
Time During the Late Nineteenth Century
Madras Presidency" (https://translate.goo
gle.com/website?sl=en&tl=kn&hl=kn&clie
nt=srp&u=http://cvs.gnowledge.org/epist
eme3/pro_pdfs/04-tvv.pdf) (PDF).
Proceeding No 521 of March 26, 1878, Fr
St George. Retrieved 30 May 2013.

5. B. S. Shylaja (10 May 2009). "Chintamani


Ragoonathachari and Contemporary
Indian Astronomy" (https://translate.googl
e.com/website?sl=en&tl=kn&hl=kn&client
=srp&u=http://www.parallelthoughts.in/bl
og/chintamani-ragoonathachari-and-cont
emporary-indian-astronomy/) . Current
Science. 96 (9): 1273. Retrieved
18 February 2016.

Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Drigganita&oldid=1162124710"

This page was last edited on 27 June 2023, at


03:50 (UTC). •
ಗಮನಿಸದ ಹೊರತು CC BY-SA 4.0 ಅಡಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಷಯ
ಲಭ್ಯವಿದೆ .

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