Test Bank for Principles of General Chemistry, 2nd Edition: Silberberg

Test Bank for Principles of General Chemistry, 2nd

Edition: Silberberg

To download the complete and accurate content document, go to:

https://testbankbell.com/download/test-bank-for-principles-of-general-chemistry-2nd-e
dition-silberberg/

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

Chapter 9 Models of Chemical Bonding
1. Which of the following contains ionic bonding?
A) CO B) SrF2 C) Al D) OCl2 E) HCl
Ans: B

2. Which of the following is an ionic compound?

A) H2S B) NH3 C) I2 D) KI E) CCl4
Ans: D

3. Which of the following is a covalent compound?

A) Na2O B) CaCl2 C) Cl2O D) CsCl E) Al2O3
Ans: C

4. Which of the following contains covalent bonds?

A) BaO B) IBr C) Mg D) LiBr E) Cu
Ans: B

5. In which of these substances are the atoms held together by polar covalent bonding?
A) SrCl2 B) CsCl C) ClF D) TiF2 E) S8
Ans: C

6. In which of these substances are the atoms held together by metallic bonding?
A) CO2 B) Si C) Br2 D) S8 E) Cr
Ans: E

7. For which of the following elements (in their normal, stable forms) would it be correct to
describe the bonding as involving "electron pooling"?
A) hydrogen B) helium C) sulfur D) iodine E) aluminum
Ans: E

8. Select the element whose Lewis symbol is correct.

A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e
Ans: B

Page 99
 Chapter 9 Models of Chemical Bonding

9. Select the element whose Lewis symbol is correct.

A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e
Ans: C

10. Select the correct formula for a compound formed from calcium and chlorine.
A) CaCl B) CaCl2 C) Ca2Cl D) Ca2Cl2 E) CaCl3
Ans: B

11. Select the correct formula for a compound formed from barium and nitrogen.
A) BaN B) BaN2 C) Ba2N3 D) Ba2N E) Ba3N2
Ans: E

12. The lattice energy for ionic crystals increases as the charge on the ions _____________
and the size of the ions __________________.
A) increases, increases D) decreases, decreases
B) increases, decreases E) None of these is generally correct.
C) decreases, increases
Ans: B

13. Select the compound with the highest lattice energy.

A) CaS(s) B) BaO(s) C) NaI(s) D) LiBr(s) E) MgO(s)
Ans: E

14. Select the compound with the lowest lattice energy.

A) CsBr(s) B) NaCl(s) C) SrO(s) D) CaO(s) E) KBr(s)
Ans: A

15. The lattice energy of CaF2 is the energy change for which one, if any, of the following
processes?
A) Ca2+(s) + 2F-(g) → CaF2(g) D) CaF2(aq) → CaF2(s)
B) CaF2(g) → CaF2(s) E) None of these choices is correct.
C) Ca(g) + 2F(g) → CaF2(s)
Ans: E

16. The lattice energy of MgCl2 is the energy change for which one of the following
processes?
A) Mg(s) + Cl2(g) → MgCl2(s) D) Mg2+(g) + 2Cl-(g) → MgCl2(s)
B) Mg(g) + 2Cl(g) → MgCl2(s) E) MgCl2(aq) → MgCl2(s)
C) Mg (s) + 2Cl (g) → MgCl2(g)
2+ -

Ans: D

Page 100
 Chapter 9 Models of Chemical Bonding

17. Analysis of an unknown substance showed that it has a high boiling point and is brittle. It
is an insulator as a solid but conducts electricity when melted. Which of the following
substances would have those characteristics?
A) HCl B) Al C) KBr D) SiF4 E) I2
Ans: C

18. Which one of the following properties is least characteristic of typical ionic compounds?
A) high melting point
B) high boiling point
C) brittleness
D) poor electrical conductor when solid
E) poor electrical conductor when molten
Ans: E

19. Arrange the following bonds in order of increasing bond strength.

A) C-I < C-Br < C-Cl < C-F D) C-I < C-Br < C-F< C-Cl
B) C-F < C-Cl < C-Br < C-I E) None of these orders is correct.
C) C-Br < C-I < C-Cl < C-F
Ans: A

20. Select the strongest bond in the following group.

A) C-S B) C-O C) C=C D) CN E) C-F
Ans: D

21. Which one of the following properties is least characteristic of substances composed of small,
covalently-bonded molecules?
A) low melting point
B) low boiling point
C) weak bonds
D) poor electrical conductor when solid
E) poor electrical conductor when molten
Ans: C

Page 101
 Chapter 9 Models of Chemical Bonding

22. Nitrogen and hydrogen combine to form ammonia in the Haber process. Calculate (in kJ)
the standard enthalpy change H° for the reaction written below, using the bond energies
given.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)

Bond:
NN
H-H
N-H
Bond energy (kJ/mol): 945 432 391

A) -969 kJ B) -204 kJ C) -105 kJ D) 204 kJ E) 595 kJ

Ans: C

23. Hydrogenation of double and triple bonds is an important industrial process. Calculate (in
kJ) the standard enthalpy change H° for the hydrogenation of ethyne (acetylene) to
ethane.
H-CC-H(g) + 2H2(g) → H3C-CH3(g)

Bond:
C-C
CC
C-H
H-H
Bond energy (kJ/mol): 347 839 413 432

A) -296 kJ B) -51 kJ C) 51 kJ D) 296 kJ E) 381 kJ

Ans: A

24. Acetone can be easily converted to isopropyl alcohol by addition of hydrogen to the
carbon-oxygen double bond. Calculate the enthalpy of reaction using the bond energies
given.

Bond: C=O H-H C-H O-H C-C C-O

Bond energy(kJ/mol): 745 436 414 464 347 351

A) -484 kJ B) -366 kJ C) -48 kJ D) +48 kJ E) +366 kJ

Ans: C

Page 102
 Chapter 9 Models of Chemical Bonding

25. Combustion of a fat will release more energy than combustion of an equal mass of
carbohydrate because
A) fats contain more bonds to oxygen than carbohydrates.
B) fats contain fewer bonds to oxygen than carbohydrates.
C) the total energy of the carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds in fats is greater
than the energy content of the carbon-oxygen and oxygen-hydrogen bonds in the
reaction products (carbon dioxide and water).
D) the total energy of the carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds in fats is greater
than the energy content of the bonds in carbohydrates.
E) fats have higher molar masses than carbohydrates.
Ans: B

26. When one mole of each of the following liquids is burned, which will produce the most
heat energy?
A) C6H14 B) C5H12 C) C6H14O D) C6H12O E) C6H10O3
Ans: A

27. Electronegativity is a measure of

A) the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom.
B) the energy released when an electron is added to an atom.
C) the magnitude of the negative charge on an electron.
D) the attraction by an atom for electrons in a chemical bond.
E) the magnitude of the negative charge on a molecule.
Ans: D

28. Which of the following elements is the most electronegative?

A) S B) Ru C) Si D) Te E) Cs
Ans: A

29. Which of the following elements is the least electronegative?

A) Si B) Se C) S D) Sc E) Sr
Ans: E

30. Which of the following elements is the most electronegative?

A) Ne B) Rb C) P D) I E) Cl
Ans: E

31. Arrange aluminum, nitrogen, phosphorus and indium in order of increasing

electronegativity.
A) Al < In < N < P D) In < P < Al < N
B) Al < In < P < N E) None of these orders is correct.
C) In < Al < P < N
Ans: C

Page 103
 Chapter 9 Models of Chemical Bonding

32. Arrange calcium, rubidium, sulfur, and arsenic in order of decreasing electronegativity.
A) S > As > Rb > Ca D) As > S > Ca > Rb
B) S > As > Ca > Rb E) None of these orders is correct.
C) As > S > Rb > Ca
Ans: B

33. Arrange oxygen, sulfur, calcium, rubidium and potassium in order of decreasing
electronegativity.
A) O > S > Ca > K > Rb D) O > S > Rb > Ca > K
B) O > S > Ca > Rb > K E) None of these orders is correct.
C) O > S > Rb > K > Ca
Ans: A

34. Based on electronegativity trends in the periodic table, predict which of the following
compounds will have the greatest % ionic character in its bonds.
A) H2O B) LiI C) CaO D) RbF E) HCl
Ans: D

35. Select the most polar bond amongst the following.

A) C-O B) Si-F C) Cl-F D) C-F E) C-I
Ans: B

36. Which of the following compounds displays the greatest ionic character in its bonds?
A) NO2 B) CO2 C) H2O D) HF E) NH3
Ans: D

37. Ionic bonding typically occurs when a ______________ bonds with a ______________.
Ans: metal, non-metal

38. Covalent bonding typically occurs when a ______________ bonds with a

______________.
Ans: non-metal, non-metal

39. When an atom is represented in a Lewis electron dot symbol, the element symbol
represents ______________ and the dots represent ______________.
Ans: nucleus and inner electrons, valence electrons

40. In not more than three sentences, describe the electron arrangement responsible for
bonding in solid SrCl2.
Ans: This is an example of ionic bonding in which Sr, from group 2A (2) will be present
as Sr2+ ions, while Cl, from group 7A (7) will be present as Cl- ions. The cations
and anions will be arranged in a crystalline lattice so that nearest neighbors will be
ions of opposite charge, thus achieving a net coulombic attraction. There are no
molecules present; each ion is equally attracted to all its nearest neighbors

Page 104
 Chapter 9 Models of Chemical Bonding

41. Describe, with appropriate explanations, the key factors which affect the magnitude of
the lattice energy of an ionic substance.
Ans: By Coulomb's law, the energy of two electrical charges is proportional to the
product of their charges and inversely proportional to the distance separating them.
If one approximates the lattice energy by considering only nearest neighbor
interactions, the energy will be proportional to the product of the charges and
inversely proportional to their separation. Thus a lattice consisting of small ions
with multiple charges will have the greatest (negative) lattice energy

42. A hypothetical ionic substance will not form merely because it has a high lattice energy.
Explain why, using energy-based arguments.
Ans: In order for an ionic substance to form, the overall energy change accompanying its
formation, from, say, its elements, should be favorable. A Born-Haber cycle can be
used to separate and identify the various steps and energy changes involved. These
include atomization and the ionization of the metal, atomization (e.g., bond
dissociation) and electron affinity of the non-metal, and the lattice energy. Only if
the sum of all these energy changes is favorable, is formation of the ionic substance
likely to occur.

43. In not more than three sentences, describe the electron arrangement responsible for
bonding in Cl2 molecules.
Ans: This is covalent bonding. The chlorine atoms each have 7 valence electrons, and
can achieve stable, octet valence structures by sharing one electron each. This
shared electron pair constitutes a single, pure covalent bond.

44. Using appropriate, real examples to illustrate your answer, describe the correlation
between bond energy and bond length for a series of single bonds.
Ans: The bonds between carbon, C, and the halogens, X (X = F, Cl, Br, I) can be used as
an examples. The size of X increases as one moves down the group. This means
that the C-X bond length will become correspondingly longer. As this occurs the
bond becomes weaker. Thus, the C-I bond is the longest and weakest, C-F the
shortest and strongest of the series.

45. Using appropriate, real examples to illustrate your answer, describe the correlation
between bond energy and bond length for a series of varying bond order.
Ans: Carbon and oxygen form single, double and triple bonds. The CO bond in carbon
monoxide is roughly three times as strong as the C-O single bond, while the C=O
bond is about twice as strong as the single bond. The bond energy is approximately
proportional to the bond order..

Page 105
 Chapter 9 Models of Chemical Bonding

46. Oxygen difluoride is an unstable molecule that reacts readily with water. Calculate the
bond energy of the O-F bond using the standard enthalpy of reaction and the bond energy
data provided.
OF2(g) + H2O(g) → O=O(g) + 2HF(g) H°= -318 kJ

Bond: O-H O=O H-F

Bond energy (kJ/mol): 467 498 565

Ans: 188 kJ

47. Ethanol is sometimes used as an additive in oxygenated gasoline. Calculate its enthalpy
of combustion using the bond energies given.

Bond: C-C C-H C-O C=O O-H O=O

Bond energy (kJ/mol): 347 413 358 799 467 498

Ans: -1267 kJ

48. Give a clear and concise definition of the term "electronegativity"; i.e., what does it
measure?
Ans: Electronegativity measures an atom's ability to attract shared (bonding) electron
pairs to itself. High electronegativity implies strong attraction of such shared pairs.

49. Describe in brief how electronegativity values can be used to predict the percent ionic
character of a bond between two atoms.
Ans: Take the electronegativity difference (EN) of the bonded atoms. The larger the
difference between their electronegativities, the more ionic will be the nature of the
bond. If EN = 0, the bond will be pure covalent.

50. The majority of elements are good electrical conductors when in solid form.
Ans: True

51. A single covalent bond consists of a single delocalized electron pair.

Ans: False

52. The lattice energy is the energy released when separated ions in the gas phase combine to
form ionic molecules in the gas phase.
Ans: False

53. The lattice energy of large ions is greater in magnitude than that of small ions of the same
charge.
Ans: False

Page 106
Test Bank for Principles of General Chemistry, 2nd Edition: Silberberg

Chapter 9 Models of Chemical Bonding

54. The electrostatic energy of two charged particles is inversely proportional to the square of
the distance between them.
Ans: False

55. The electrostatic energy of two charged particles is inversely proportional to the distance
between them.
Ans: True

56. Bond energy increases as bond order increases, for bonding between a given pair of
atoms.
Ans: True

57. Covalently bonded substances do not necessarily exist as separate molecules.

Ans: True

58. The more C-O and O-H bonds there are in a substance, the greater will be the amount of
heat released when a fixed mass of the substance is burned.
Ans: False

59. Electronegativities on Pauling's scale are calculated from ionization energies and electron
affinities.
Ans: False

60. No real bonds are 100% ionic in character.

Ans: True

Page 107

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters