DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL
Drugs
-Any chemically active substance rendering a specific
effect on the central nervous system of man.
-A chemical substance that affects the functions of living
cells and alters body or mind processes when taken into
the body or applied through the skin.
-Is a chemical substance that brings about physical,
emotional or behavioral change in a person taking it.
Drug are harmful
Any drug may be harmful when taken in:
-Excess;
-Dangerous combinations;
-By hypersensitive (allergic) person
DRUG ABUSE
=Is the overuse or consumption of drugs other than for
medical reasons.
=Any non-medical use of drugs that cause physical,
psychological, legal, economic, or social damage to the
user or to the people affected by the user’s behavior.
= Using drugs without prescription.
= Abuse of drugs and other substances can lead to physical
and psychological dependence.
THE GANG OF THREE
S- smoking
A- alcoholism
D- drugs
TOBACCO (Cigarettes) and Alcohol are “gateway” drugs.
No Child and or adolescent ever smoke mariuana without
learning how to inhale tobacco smoke first.
Ask a drug abuser whether or not they started with
alcohol, or cigarette; the answer is always “YES”.
SMOKING
S- Suicide by Installment
M- Much money are wasted
O - Organs of the body are injured
K- Kills both smokers and non smokers (Killing me softly)
I - Infants are poisoned.
N - Nervous system deranged
G - God’s Temple is ruin (defiled) 1 Cor 3:16,17
ALCOHOL
About 18.7 million people, or 7.7% of the population, are
dependent on or abuse alcohol, and 12,000 more try it for
the first time every day. Alcoholics Anonymous has 2
million members – impressive, but only a small fraction of
those who need help.
CAFFEINE
It’s the most widely used mood-altering drug in the world
and is routinely ingested by about 80% to 90% of
Americans, primarily through soda and coffee. A daily
brewed cup of joe, with 100 mg of caffeine, can lead to
physical dependence. Withdrawal symptoms are
experienced by 40% to 70% of those trying to quit.
TOBACCO
There are about 71.5 million users of tobacco products in
the U.S. About 23.4% of men and 18.5% of women are
cigarette smokers, with cigarette use lowest in Western
states and highest in the Midwest; 44.3% of young adults
ages 18 to 25 use tobacco, the highest rate of any age
group.
DRUGS
An estimated 3.6 million people are dependent on drugs.
On average, 8,000 try them for the first time each day, and
700,000 are undergoing treatment for addiction. More
than half of first-time users are female and younger than
18. Marijuana, cocaine and pain relivers are the leading
drugs of abuse.
COMMON REASON WHY DRUG IS ABUSED
1. Parental influences- unhappy home, parents showing
little or no interest in their children, Abuses committed by
parents such as harsh physical punishments; Lack of
parental values; parents who are permissive and liberal;
parental neglect; domestic violence; role modeling.
2. Peer influences- Drug using friends encourage, pressure
even, a youth to experiment with drugs.
3. Personality Factors- Curiosity or the desire to
experience a new state of consciousness; Escape from
physical and mental pain, relief from boredom and
frustration, and desire to escape from harsh realities;
unable to conform with social standards; weak personality
or low sense of self esteem.
HEREDITY = the transmission of physical and mental traits
from the parents to the offspring.
ENVIRONMENT = the sum total of the dissimulation
acquired from the person’s surroundings.
EDUCATION= the sum total of the dissimulation acquired
from formal learning in an institution.
CAUSES OF DRUG ABUSE
-Lack of parental guidance
-Peer pressure
-Curiosity
-Weak personality
-Desire to escape from reality
-Frustration (due to personal, family or work problems)
-BoredomPoor self-image
4. Habituation- A form of psychological dependence,
characterized by continuous desire for a drug. A person
believes that the drug is needed to function at work or
home because drugs often produces an elated/ excited
emotional state.
5. Addiction- a form of physical dependence, severe
craving for the drug even to the point of interfering with
the person’s ability to function normally.
DRUG DEPENDENCE
-Characterized by the compulsion to use a drug to
experience psychological or physical effects despite
deterioration in health, work, and social activities.
-It is a cluster of physiological, behavioral and cognitive
phenomena of variable intensity in which the use of
psychoactive drug takes on a high priority thereby
involving, among others a strong desire or a sense of
compulsion to take the substance and the difficulties in
controlling substance taking behavior in terms of its onset,
termination, or levels of use. (RA 9165) WHO
FORMS OF DRUG DEPENDENCE
1.Tolerance- A form of physical dependence, occurs when
the body becomes accustomed to a drug as the drug is
repeatedly taken in the same dose. It now requires ever-
increasing larger doses to achieve the same desired effect.
Tendency to increase dosage to maintain the same effect
in the body.
TYPES OF DRUG DEPENDENCE
1. Physical Dependence- can only be discernible when drug
intake is decreased or stopped and an involuntary illness
called the withdrawal syndrome occurs.
2. Psychological Dependence- Exhibited when a user relies
on a drug to achieve a feeling of well- being. The most
extreme from of this is the obsession of the user with the
drug, thus focusing virtually all his interest and activity on
obtaining and using it. It is also arises from the ability to
satisfy some emotional or personality needs of an
individual.
In the brains of addicts, there is reduced activity in the
prefrontal cortex, where rational thought can override
impulsive behavior.
Addiction has a specific definition: You are unable to stop
when you want to, despite (being) aware of the adverse
consequences. It permeates your life; you spend more
time satisfying (your craving).
Addiction is not just about substances. Addiction is about
disrupting the processing of pleasure; the balance point is
shifted so you keep creating more and more urges, and
you keep wanting more and more.
Addiction occur when behaviors start to become
excessive. They are driven by our systems that stand up,
shake us and say, “The brain is saying this is good; we
should do it again”.
DRUGS THAT ARE COMMONLY ABUSED
Drugs that are commonly abused depending on their
pharmacological effects may be classified into:
-Stimulants = drugs which increase alertness and physical
disposition. E.g. Amphetamine, Cocaine, Caffeine,
Nicotine.
-Hallucinogens ( also known as Psychedelics) = drugs which
affects sensation, thinking, self-awareness and emotion.
E.g. LSD, Mescaline and Marijuana.
-Sedatives = drugs which may reduce anxiety and
excitement. E.g. Barbiturates, Tranquilizers, Alcohol
-Narcotics = drugs that relieve pain and often induce sleep.
E.g. Opium and its derivatives such as Morphine, Codeine,
Herein.
COUNTRIES AND PRODUCTION
Colombia : Coca/Cocaine
Afghanistan : Opium
Burma/Laos/Thailand: Opium
Philippines : Methamphetmine/Shabu
Golden Triangle (Opium-Heroin) Borders of Burma, Laos
and Thailand
Silver Triangle Peru- Columbia- Bolivia
Golden Crescent (Heroin)Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan
DRUGS AND CRIME
In one study, it was estimated that between 35 percent
and 40 percent of New York’s homicides are drug related
(Siegel and Senna, 1997).
In another study conducted in Miami, 573 narcotics users
annually committed more than 200,000 crimes, including
6,000 robberies, 6,700 burglaries, and 70,000 larceny
offenses.
A similar study conducted showed that a sample
of 356 addicts were found to be responsible for 118,000
crimes committed every year. According to one
observation, the estimated half a million heroin addicts in
the U.S. at the time of the study, could be committing
more than 100 million crimes annually, and these do not
include crimes committed by those addicts which abuse
drugs other than narcotics (Siegel and Senna, 1997).
Considering that there are 1.8 million regular
users (drug addicts) and 1.6 million occasional users of
dangerous drugs in the country or a total of 3.4 million,
based on the 1999 survey of the Dangerous Drugs Board
(DDB), we can estimate that more than 360 million crimes
are committed every year in this country by the 1.8 regular
drug abusers alone. This does not include crimes that may
be committed by 1.6 occasional users.
SOME OF RECOGNIZABLE SIGNS OF DRUG ABUSED
-Sudden shift in attitudes and demeanor
-Mood swings
-Highly excitable and displays fits of rage and aggression
-Unusual effort to conceal needle marks.
-Wearing dark eyeglasses to conceal constricted or dilated
pupils and bloodshot eyes
-Sudden regression from usual and normal capabilities
-Neglect of personal grooming, hygiene and appearance
-Engaging in petty crimes to support illicit habit
-Association with known drug users
Malnutrition = the lives of drug dependents revolve
around drug abuse. They miss their regular meals because
they loss their appetite.
Panic Reaction = the loss of thought processes can cause
panic reactions or feelings of invulnerability. Both of these
states can lead to injury and death. Prolonged harmful
reactions include anxiety and depressive states, or breaks
with reality which may last from a few days to months.
Physical Damages = In addition to those diseases which
accompany the use of unsterile syringes and contaminated
drugs may cause certain medical problems. Such as:
-Liver and Kidney Damage due to large dosage;
-Neglect personal hygiene;
-Kidney failure;Hepatitis;
-Drastic weight loss;
- andVitamin deficiencies
PERSON CAN DO TO PREVENT DRUG ABUSED
-Understand your own self.
- Accept and respect yourself for what you are.
-Develop your potentials.
-Engage in wholesome, productive and fulfilling activities.
(make yourself busy)
-Maintain good physical and mental health.Use drugs
properly.
-Develop strong moral and spiritual foundation.
-Learn to cope with your problems and other stresses
without the use of drugs.
-Learn to relate effectively to whom you can communicate
your problems freely.
-Seek professional help if you feel you cannot cope with
your problems.
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE -
The Controlled Substance Act of 1970 separates drugs
that maybe abused into five Categories (Schedule) based
on the use and biological effects of the drugs.
Schedule 1 – Almost all the drugs in this schedule are
illegal. All have a high potential for dependence and abuse,
and it is illegal to have them in your possession. Ex.
Heroin, LSD, Mj
Schedule 2 – These drugs are highly addictive but, despite
the risk, they remain in medical use because no
satisfactory non-addictive alternative medication is
available. Ex. Cocaine, AMP, morphine and barbiturates.
Schedule 3 – this schedule includes drugs that have some
potential for abuse or dependence. Ex. Acetaminophen or
aspirin with codeine and some appetite suppressants.
Schedule 4 – These drugs are considered less likely to
cause dependence or to be abused as much as the drugs in
Schedule 3. Ex. Diazepam, Chloral Hydrate, Phenobarbital
Schedule 5 – These drugs are included in the regulations
because they contain small amounts of narcotics and are
least likely to be abused. Ex. Some anti diarrhea
medications and cough medicines.
TYPES Of DANGEROUS DRUGS
1. Depressants- Also known as “downers”, are drugs which
act on and depresses the central nervous system causing
initial relaxation leading to drowsiness and sleep. Used of
downers results to impairment of judgment, hearing,
speech and muscle coordination. They dull the minds, slow
down the body reaction to such extend that accidental
deaths and suicides usually happen. E.g. Barbiturates,
tranquilizers, alcohol.
Types of depressants
•Narcotics- The term narcotic basically refers to drugs that
produces a depressant effect on the CNS. Medically they
are potent pain killers, cough suppressant and active
component of anti-diarrhea preparations. Narcotics
relieves pain by acting on specific structures, called
receptors, located on the nerve cells of the spinal cord or
brain. The usual method of administering these drugs into
the body is by injecting, ingestion or inhalation. E.g.
Opium and its derivatives such as Morphine, Codeine and
Heroin.
•Opium- Refers to the flowering plant of the species
papaver somniferum. It is derived from the oriental poppy
plant which is grown in Asia and can also be found in other
areas such as Mexico. The plant is usually 3 or 4 feet high,
raw opium is dark brown in color and is bitter in taste. A
number of alkaloids are derived from this substance, the
most of which are morphine, heroin, and codeine. The
plant displays a beautiful flower that ranges in color from
white to purple.
•Morphine- It is the most important alkaloids and
constitutes about 10 % of the use raw opium. It is
converted from raw opium through a relatively simple
boiling and filtering process. One of the most significant
development in history took place in the early 19th
century, when Friedrich Serturner, a German scientist
isolated morphine from opium.
•Heroin- It is the most commonly abused narcotic in the
world. To produce heroin, the chemist takes an equal
amount of morphine and acetic anhydride and heats them
together for six hours. It was discovered by Alder Wright
(1896), a British chemist. It promised to cure addiction
from opium and morphine. It is a white, odorless,
crystalline powder with a very bitter taste.
•Codeine- Also known as Methylmorphine. It is similar to
morphine , but its effect is weaker in intensity. Cough
preparations generally contain one grain of codeine per
fluid ounce. It is also available in tablet or powder form. It
was isolated from morphine in the year 1832.
•Methadone- a synthetic narcotic used as treatment of
heroin dependence but also fallen to abused. Other than
methadone, other most commonly known synthetic opiate
substitute are meperidine (demerol) and darvon.
EFFECTS OF NARCOTICS
-Produced a short lived feeling of pleasure, euphoria and a
positive sense of well being known as “thrill”, “rush”, or
“high”.
-Constrict pupil of the eye causing difficulty in vision
-On a large dose, it causes nausea, vomiting, and difficulty
in breathing
-It induces sleep with a slow, shallow respiration
-Overdose cause convulsion, followed by cessation of
respiration leading to death
2. STIMULANTS- Drugs which induce alertness,
wakefulness, elevated mood, increased speech, mental
and motor activity, relieve fatigue or boredom and
decreased appetite. E.g. Shabu, Cocaine, Ecstasy
•Cocaine- The drug taken from the coca bush plant.
(Ertyroxylon coca) which usually grows in South America.
Cocaine, in its pure form, is also white and made up of
shiny, colorless crystal and understably called “snow” in
the junkie jargon. It is one of the strongest short acting
stimulants.
•Amphetamines- usually prescribed to reduce appetite
and to relieve minor cases of mental depression. This drug
is representative of a broad class of stimulants known as
“pep pills”. The most common and widely used
preparations of the drug are methamphetamine,
amphetamine sulfate, dextroamphetamine, which are
known and sold under such trade names as Benzedrine,
and Dexedrine. These drugs achieve their effect by
increasing the amount and activity of the neurotransmitter
(noradrenaline) within the brain thus causing psychic
effects.
•Methylenedioxymethamphetamine - (MDMA)- It is
commonly known as “Ecstasy” It is a white, yellow or
brown in color with a bitter taste and comes in the form of
either a tablet, capsule or powder. Its tablet form comes in
various designs and shapes hence it is dubbed as “designer
drugs”. It was first became popular in the US as
recreational drug, followed later by European and
eventually gained popularity in other parts of the world
including in the Philippines. Owing to its expensiveness,
most abusers are categorized among the elites, yuppies
(young urban professionals) and nocturnal party goers.
•Methamphetamine hydrochloride- Commonly known as
“shabu”. It is a white odorless and crystalline powder with
bitter taste. It is popularly known as poor man’s cocaine. It
is considered as the most abused stimulants in the
Philippines. At present, this chemical has no known
medically acceptable use.
Effects of Stimulants (Amphetamines)
-Causes irritability, restlessness, hyperactivity, anxiety etc.
-Impairs judgment and causes deep depression and
physical exhaustion after single dose of moderate strength
wears off
-Causes undesirable, acute psychotic consequences such
as suspiciousness, hostility, persecutory delusions, violent
and destructive behavior and recklessness
-Physiological effects like hypertension, chest pain,
irregular heart rate, convulsion and cardiac arrest leading
to death.
3. HALLUCINOGENS
more popularly known as psychedelics, is a group of
natural or synthetic psychoactive drugs that produce
reactions such as perceptual alterations and changes in the
state of consciousness. These drugs generally produced
marked distortion of the senses and alter the way time is
perceived by the user. They produce hallucinations or
visions, hence the name. Chronic use lead to bizarre and
anti-social thoughts as well as to disorientation and
confusion. These drugs work by exciting the CNS and
inhibiting the flow of serotonin, an important
neurotransmitter in the brain.
Type of HALLUCINOGENS
•Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)- a compound produced
from lysergic acid, a crystalline substance derived from the
fungus claviceps purpurea which infects wheat. It was
discovered by Dr. Albert Hoffman while working in a Swiss
Pharmaceutical company. Known on the street as “acid”, it
is the best known and most potent hallucinogens.
•Mescaline- aka STP which stands for serenity- tranquility- -Cobalt Thiocyanate Test- Ephedrine
peace- a drug derived from the dried tops of the peyote
cactus, a small cactus native to Mexico. -HNO3 Test- Opium Alkaloids

•Psilocybin- hallucinogenic compound obtained in -Zwikker’s Test- Barbiturates

mushroom, psilocybe mexicana.
-FBS Test- Marihuana
•Phencyclidine (PCP)- considered as a menace and highly
-Micro-Diffusion Test- Volatile Substance
dangerous drug because it can be easily synthesized, this
drug has no medical purpose for humans but it is
FIELD TEST FOR DANGEROUS DRUGS
occasionally used by veterinarians as an anesthetic and
sedative for animals. It is popularly known as angel dust. -Marijuana- Duquenois- Levine test (Red)

•Marijuana (Cannabis Sativa)- Marijuana is a Mexican term -Shabu- Symone’s test (purple)
meaning pleasurable feeling. It is a mixed preparation of
the flowering tops, leaves, seeds, and stem of the hemp -LSD- Van urk test (Blue purple)
plant. The plant may grow from 3 to 10 ft high. The
flowering tops of both male and female plant produce a -Opium- Marquis Test (violet)
sticky resin which contains Tetrahydrocannabinol or THC.
-Amphetamines- Marquis test ( red/ orange)
It is known as the world oldest cultivated drugs used by
the incas of Peru. -Barbiturates- Dilli Koppanyi/ Zwikkers test (violet/ blue)

EFFECTS OF MARIJUANA -Cocaine- Cobalt thiocynate (blue)

-Faster hear beat and pulse rate NATIONAL DRUG SITUATION

-Blood shot eye -As early as 1996, the United Nation has noted the rising
popularity of amphetamine- type stimulants (ATS) among
-Dry mouth and throat
drug users, and termed ATS as the “Drugs of the 21st
-Altered sense of time or disorientation Century”. In its 2005 world drug report, The UN office on
Drugs and crime reported that the largest number of
-Forgetfulness and inability to think methamphetamine clandestine laboratories dismantled in
East and south East Asia in 2003 was recorded by the
-Impaired reflexes/ coordination Philippines. In a survey conducted by the DDB in 1999,
there were around 1.8 million regular users and 1.6 million
-Acute panic – anxiety reaction- extreme fear of losing
occasional users of Dangerous drugs in the country. In
control
2004, the country’s rehabilitation centers reported 5, 787
admissions reflecting a decreased of 32% compared with
PHYSICAL TEST
7, 113 admission in the previous year. Statistics from
weight / volume these rehabilitation centers show the following trends:

Appearance: color, texture, odor, homogeneity pH

Solubility microscopic
-1. majority of patients are in the 20- 29 age group
CHEMICAL TEST

-Marquis Test – Amphetamines

-The ratio of male users to female is 9:1
-Simon’s Test – Methamphetamines

-Chen-Kao’s Test- Ephedrine -Shabu is the most popular drug of choice, abused by 84%
of patients
PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY( PDEA)
For thirty years, RA 6425, otherwise known as the
Dangerous Drug Act of 1972, had been the backbone of
the Philippine drug Law enforcement system. Recognizing
the need to strengthen or replaced the existing anti- drug
laws, Pres. Gloria Arroyo signed RA 9165 or the
Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of 2002, on June 7,
2002 and it took effect on July 4, 2002. The new anti- drug
law defines more concrete course of action for the
national anti- drug campaign and imposes heavier
penalties on offenders.
The enactment of RA 9165 as reorganized the Philippine
Drug Law Enforcement System. While the DDB remains as
the policy making body, it created the PDEA under the
office of the Pres. The new law also abolished the National
Drug Law Enforcement and Prevention Coordinating
Center, PNP Nargrp, NBI narcotics unit, and the customs
interdiction office. Personnel of these abolished agencies
were to continue to perform their tasks on detail service
with the PDEA subject to a rigid screening process.
The PDEA was officially activated on July 30, 2002 when
the Pres. Appointed its first director Gen, Undersec.
Anselmo Avenido Jr. One year after the creation of the
PDEA, the Pres. Issued E.O. 218 on June 18, 2003 to
strengthen the support mechanism for the PDEA as the
lead agency in the campaign against illegal drugs. The PNP
organized the PNP AIDSOTF, NBI Anti- drug task force.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
•Administer = Any act of introducing any dangerous drugs
into the body of any person, with or without his/her
knowledge, by injection, inhalation, ingestion or other
means, or of committing any act of indispensable
assistance to a person in administering a dangerous drug
to himself/herself unless administered by any duly
licensed practitioner for purposes of medication.
•Use. – Any act of injecting, intravenously or
intramuscularly, of consuming, either by chewing,
smoking, sniffing, eating, swallowing, drinking or otherwise
introducing into the physiological system of the body, and
of the dangerous drugs.
•Deliver. – Any act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug
to another, personally or otherwise, and by any means,
with or without consideration.
•Dispense. – Any act of giving away, selling or distributing
medicine or any dangerous drug with or without the use of
prescription.
•Sell. – Any act of giving away any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical whether for
money or any other consideration.
• Trading. – Transactions involving the illegal trafficking of
dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and
essential chemicals using electronic devices such as, but
not limited to, text messages, email, mobile or landlines,
two-way radios, internet, instant messengers and chat
rooms or acting as a broker in any of such transactions
whether for money or any other consideration in violation
of this Act.
•Pusher. – Any person who sells, trades, administers,
dispenses, delivers or gives away to another, on any terms
whatsoever, or distributes, dispatches in transit or
transports dangerous drugs or who acts as a broker in any
of such transactions, in violation of this Act.
•Protector/Coddler. – Any person who knowingly and
willfully consents to the unlawful acts provided for in this
Act and uses his/her influence, power or position in
shielding, harboring, screening or facilitating the escape of
any person he/she knows, or has reasonable grounds to
believe on or suspects, has violated the provisions of this
Act in order to prevent the arrest, prosecution and
conviction of the violator.
•Screening Test. – A rapid test performed to establish
potential/presumptive positive result.
•Confirmatory Test. – An analytical test using a device,
tool or equipment with a different chemical or physical
principle that is more specific which will validate and
confirm the result of the screening test.
•Chemical Diversion. – The sale, distribution, supply or
transport of legitimately imported, in-transit,
manufactured or procured controlled precursors and
essential chemicals, in diluted, mixtures or in concentrated
form, to any person or entity engaged in the manufacture
of any dangerous drug, and shall include packaging,
repackaging, labeling, relabeling or concealment of such
transaction through fraud, destruction of documents,
fraudulent use of permits, misdeclaration, use of front
companies or mail fraud.
•Clandestine Laboratory. – Any facility used for the illegal
manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical.
•Confirmatory Test. – An analytical test using a device,
tool or equipment with a different chemical or physical
principle that is more specific which will validate and
confirm the result of the screening test.
1. STIMULANT
Also known as "uppers" Drug that excite the central
nervous system, increasing alertness, decreasing fatigue,
delaying sleep, also impale appetite and cause weight loss.
Ex. Shabu & Cocaine
a) Shabu
street names, poor man's cocaine, S, ice, Shabs, Ubas,
bato, Siopao
Methamphetamine hydrochloride/SHABU - a type of
amphetamine also known as "poor man's cocaine". Other
names are Shabu. Ubas, Siopao, Sha and Ice.
-Shabu is a white, odorless crystal or crystalline powder
with a bitter numbing taste.
CONTENTS OF SHABU
Ephedrine- Classified as Dangerous Drugs) Main ingredient
of Shabu causing brain damage
Toluene -Chemical used for paints, adhesives, etc.
Acetone-Nail cleaner
Lithium Batteries -Cancer causing component
Battery Acid- Corrosive chemical
Drain cleaner- Liquid Soap
Hydrochloric acid -(Muriatic Acid)
Chloroform - Cancer causing solvent
b) Cocaine
An agent that produces a temporary increase of the
functional activity or efficiency of an Organism or any of its
parts. Street names - Coke, Snow, Flake, Bow
A drug from the leaves of the Coca plant, a shrub that
originated in South America. This drug affects the central
nervous system as a stimulant. The name comes from
"coca" and the alkaloid suffix -ine, forming cocaine. It is a
stimulant, an appetite suppressant, and a topical)
anesthetic,
2) Opiates/Narcotic
Group of drugs that are used medically to relieve pain, but
have a high potential for abuse.
In medicine, the term opiate describes any of the narcotic
opioid alkaloids found as natural products in the opium
poppy plant,
Narcotic-substance that lessens pain or induces stupor
a). Opium is the dried latex obtained from the oplum
poppy datur commiferim, Opium contains up to 12%
morphine, an alkaloid, which is frequently processed
chemically to produce heroin. The latex also includes
codeine.
Opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, is the species of plant
from which opium and poppy seeds are derived. Opium is
the source of many narcotics, including morphine (and its
derivative heroin). The Latin botanical name means the
"sleep-bringing poppy".referring to the sedative properties
of some of these opiates.
b) Morphine
Is a potent opiate analgesic drug that is used to relieve
severe pain. It was first isolated in 1804 by Friedrich
Serturner, first distributed by him in 1817, and first
commercially sold by Merck in 1827.
It took its name from the Greek god of dreams Morpheus.
The most abundant alkaloid found in Oplum, the dried sap
(latex) derived from shallowly slicing the unripe seedpods
of the opium, or common and/or edible, poppy.
Morphine can usually be found in tablet form, a syrup,
injection suppository form. or as a
Morphine is usually taken orally via a syrup, tablet or
capsule, however, it can come in an injectable form.
c) Heroin
Is processed from morphine, a naturally occurring
substance extracted from the seed pod of certain varieties
of poppy plants.
It is typically sold as a white or brownish powder or as the
black sticky substance known on the streets as "black tar
heroin".
3) Hallucinogens
• Drugs that are derived from plants chemical substances
which affects the perception, sensation, behavior and
produces hallucination on the user.
Or any natural or synthetic psychoactive drugs that
produce marked distortion of the senses and changes in
perception
Also called "psychedelics"
First developed as appetite suppressant
Ex: ecstasy, MJ, LSD, KETAMINE
a) Marijuana
Is the term used to describe all the plant material like
leaves, tops, stems, flowers and roots from a cannabis
plant (Cannabis sativa), dried and prepared for smoking or
taken orally as "brownies".
The mind altering component is the tetrahydrocannabinol;
THC for short, which is concentrated in the resin.
b) Ketamine
Is an anesthetic that is abused for its hallucinogenic
properties. Its predominant legitimate use is as a
veterinary anesthetic. Can cause dream-like states and
hallucinations. Users report sensations ranging from a
pleasant feeling of floating to being separated from their
bodies. Some ketamine experiences involve a terrifying
feeling of almost complete sensory detachment that is
likened to a near-death experience
4) Depressants/Sedatives
Drugs that have mild-calming or sleep-producing effect
upon the central nervous system.
also called as "Downers" or "barbs"
any drug or chemical that decreases the activity of any
bodily function. The term is most often used to refer to
drugs that reduce the activity of the central nervous
system
Ex: sedatives, sleeping pills, tranquilizer
a) Sedatives
Sedative-hypnotics such as tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and
sedatives are drugs, which depress or slow down body
functions. These drugs can be dangerous when not taken
according to physician's instructions.
5) Inhalants
Drugs whose volatile vapors are taken in via the nose and
trachea.
Includes solvents, bases and aerosol, rugby, gasoline, hair
spray, lighter fluid and air freshener
Other Dangerous Drugs
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or commonly
known as "Ecstasy", "X-TC", "Adam", "Eden Tablet", or by
its any other name refers to the drug having such chemical
composition, including any of its isomers or derivatives in
any form;
Amphetamines -is a psychostimulant drug of the
phenethylamine class that produces increased
wakefulness and focus in association with decreased
fatigue and appetite.
Drug that is stimulant to the central nervous system. It is
colorless and maybe inhaled, injected or swallowed. It may
be used medically to treat depression, and obesity.
Routes of Drug Administration
1) Oral Ingestion-Taken by the mouth and must pass
through the stomach before being absorbed in the
bloodstream.
2) Inhalation -Drug in gaseous from enters the lungs and is
quickly absorbed by the capillary system.
3) Injection- Administered into the body by the use of a
stringe or hypodhermic needle.
4. Snorting- Inhalation through the nose of drugs in
gaseous form.
5. Buccal-Drugs is administered by placing it in the buccal
cavity just under the lips.
FOUR STAGES IN USING DRUGS •Loss of Self-Control

1. EXPERIMENTATION Birth Defects

2. REGULAR USE Nearly 4 percent of pregnant women in the United States

3. SUBSTANCE ABUSE/ RISKY BEHAVIOR
4. ADDICTION/ CHEMICAL DEPENDENCY
HARMFUL EFFECT OF DRUGS
•Health Problems
The impact of drug abuse and dependence can be far-
reaching, affecting almost every organ in the human body.
Drug use can:
Weaken the immune system, increasing susceptibility to
infections.
Cause cardiovascular conditions ranging from abnormal
heart rate to heart attacks. Injected drugs can also lead to
collapsed veins and infections of the blood vessels and
heart valves.
use illicit drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, Ecstasy and
other amphetamines, and heroin. These and other illicit
drugs may pose various risks for pregnant women and
their babies. Some of these drugs can cause a baby to be
born too small or too soon, or to have withdrawal
symptoms, birth defects or learning and behavioral
problems, Additionally, illicit drugs may be prepared with
impurities that may be harmful to a pregnancy.
1. PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
-Organ damage
-Hormone imbalance
-Cancer (caused by nicotine or steroid use)
-Prenatal and fertility issues
-Gastrointestinal disease

•Effects on the Brain -HIV/AIDS

Although initial drug use may be voluntary, drugs have 2.NEUROLOGICAL & EMOTIONAL EFFECTS
been shown to alter brain chemistry, which interferes with
an individual's ability to make decisions and can lead to -Depression
compulsive craving, seeking and use. This then becomes a
substance dependency. -Anxiety

All drugs of abuse - nicotine, cocaine, marijuana, and -Memory loss

others- effect the brain's "reward" circuit, which is part of
-Aggression
the limbic system.
-Mood swings
Drugs hijack this "reward" system, causing unusually large
amounts of dopamine to flood the system.
3. LEGAL CONSEQUENCES
This flood of dopamine is what causes the "high" or
-Large fines
euphoria associated with drug abuse.
-Extensive jail sentences
Behavioral Problems
-Arrest record that make it difficult to find a job
•Paranoia
-Restrictions on living in a certain communities.
•Aggressiveness
4.SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES
•Hallucinations
-Job loss
•Addiction
-Relationship changes between both - friends and family
• Impulsiveness
members
-Aggression towards friends and family members

-Divorce

-Suspension or exclusion from organised activities such as

sport's team

5. CONSEQUENCES OF ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE

-SUICIDE

-HOMICIDE

-ACCIDENT

-GRAVE ILLNESS

Family Problems

-Parents who always quarrel in front of the children.

-Irresponsible parents who don't have time for their

children.

Peer Pressure/Curiosity

BAD Influence by friends

Weak Personality, Desire to Escape From Reality

Lack of self-confidence and inferiority complex