XXXXX: Important Instructions To Examiners

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
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SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject Name: AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (AEN) Subject Code: 22656

Important Instructions to examiners: XXXXX
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer
scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not
applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The
figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent
figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values
may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer
based on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent
concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual
(English + Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year
2021-2022. Hence if the students write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English +Marathi), the
Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with model
answer.
Q. Sub Answer Marking

No. Q. Scheme
N.
1 Attempt any FIVE of the following 10
a) Name the various components mounted on the chassis frame. 02
Answer: Components mounted on the chassis frame:
(i) Engine (Power plant) (ii) Clutch (iii) Gear Box (iv) Differential (v) Wheels & Tyre
assembly (vi) Suspension system (vii) Braking System (viii) Steering System (ix) Front and
Rear axle assembly
(1/2 mark each for any four major components)

b) State the function of the propeller shaft. 02
Answer: Function of Propeller Shaft:
The function of the propeller shaft is to transmit torque from the gearbox to the
differential through the universal joints. The differential then transmits the torque to
the rear axle to which the rear wheels are connected.
c) Define caster and camber. 02
Answer: Caster angle:
Castor is the angle between the kingpin center line & the vertical, in the plane of the
wheel. (viewed from the side).
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Or Caster is the angle between the vertical steering axis and the vertical plane of the
wheel.
Camber angle:
Camber is the tilt of car wheels from the vertical.
Or Camber is defined as the angle between the center line of the wheel and the vertical
line (viewed from the front).
(1 mark for each appropriate definition)

d) Define sprung weight and unsprung weight. 02
Answer:
Sprung weight: It is the weight supported by the spring. (Anything carried by the weight
of springs.) It includes the weight of the frame, body, engine, and entire transmission
system.
Unsprung weight: It is the weight of other parts of the vehicle which is not supported by
springs. It includes the weight of the rear axle assembly, steering knuckle, front axle,
wheels & tires, and brakes.
(1 mark for each appropriate definition)

e) State the function of the sensor in an automobile. 02
Answer: Function of the sensor in an automobile:
(i) The sensors serve as the eyes, ears, and noses of the computer network in a vehicle.
(ii) The sensors can detect part movement, temperature changes, pressure variance,
chemical content of exhaust gases, part location, speed of rotation, sounds, and other
conditions in an automobile.
(iii) The vehicle sensors act as an input device for the computer (ECU), which provides
data (information) concerning how well each system is functioning for the conditions.
(iv) The vehicle sensors are used in an automobile to monitor various aspects of an
automobile, such as its temperature, coolant system, engine, oil pressure, emission
levels, vehicle speed, etc.
(Any 1 appropriate point with correct functionality)

f) State the duties and responsibilities of RTO. 02
Answer: Duties and Responsibilities of RTO:
[1] Licensing authority for grant/renewal/suspension/cancellation of driving license.
[2] Registering authority for registration of motor vehicles.
[3] Authorize pollution testing centers to follow environmental norms.
[4] Taxation and Recovery officer for collection and recovery of tax and penalty.
[5] Authorize driving training schools to impart driving training to enhance road safety
and security.
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(Any 2 appropriate points, 1 mark for each)
g) State working principle of the clutch. 02
Answer: Working principle of clutch:
A clutch works with two rotating shafts, one that is typically driven by a motor or pulley
and one that drives another device. The clutch connects the two shafts so they can
either be locked together and spin at the same speed or be decoupled and spin at
different speeds.
Or
The clutch works on the principle of “Friction”. When the two friction surfaces
mounted on a friction disc located in between the driving (flywheel) and driven
(pressure plate) members are brought in contact with each other and pressed they are
united due to the friction between them and torque is transmitted from the driving
shaft to the driven shaft.
(2 Marks for the appropriate concept of working principle)

2 Attempt any THREE of the following 12
a) Describe various types of alternative fuels for auto engines. 04
Answer: Types of Alternative fuels for auto engines:
[1] Biodiesel used for Diesel Vehicles:
It refers to any diesel equivalent processed fuel, derived from biological sources.
Therefore, it is a processed fuel that is ready to be used in common diesel engine
vehicles.
[2] Ethanol used for Flex Fuel Vehicles:

It is derived from crops. It can be used as a fuel either alone in a special engine or as an
additive to gasoline.
[3] Natural Gas used for Natural Gas Vehicles:

Natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons consisting of approximately more than 80
percent methane used in two forms; CNG (compressed natural gas) and LNG (liquefied
natural gas).
[4] Methanol:
Also known as Methyl Alcohol. It might be an alternative to petrol especially because it
is very easy to manufacture it from methane.
[5] Liquified Petroleum Gas:

LPG means Liquefied Petroleum Gas. It is also called bottled gas (or) Refinery gas. It is
obtained as a byproduct during the cracking of heavy crude oils or from directly
obtained natural gas.
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[6] Electricity used for Electric Vehicles:

An electric vehicle is a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors for propulsion. It
can be powered by a collector system, with electricity from extravehicular sources, or it
can be powered autonomously by a battery, sometimes charged by solar panels, or by
converting fuel to electricity using fuel cells or a generator.
[7] Hydrogen used for Fuel Cell Vehicles:

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) use a propulsion system similar to that of electric
vehicles, where energy stored as hydrogen is converted to electricity by the fuel cell.
Unlike conventional IC engine vehicles, these vehicles produce no harmful tailpipe
emissions.
(Brief descriptions of any four appropriate alternative fuels, 1 mark for each)
(Note: Equivalent credit shall be given to any other suitable fuel source mentioned by
examinee other than the above list)
b) Explain the working of a constant mesh type gearbox with a neat sketch. 04
Answer: Working of Constant Mesh Gear Box:
In this gear box, all the gears on the main (transmission) shaft are constantly connected
to the corresponding gears on counter (lay) shaft. In addition, two dog clutches are
provided on the main shaft. One dog clutch is between the third gear and clutch gear
and another is between the first (Low) gear and second gear. Top or 4th speed gear is
obtained when the left dog clutch is shifted to the left to mesh with clutch gear by using
the gear shift lever. In this case, main shaft rotates at the same speed as that of clutch
gear or engine crankshaft speed which is the maximum speed. Third gear is obtained
when dog cutch (left side) meshes with third gear on main shaft. In this way by sliding
the second dog clutch, second and first gears are obtained.
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Figure: Constant Mesh Gear Box
(02 marks for neat labelled sketch, 02 marks for suitable working)
(Note: Equivalent credit shall be given to any other suitable sketch if drawn)
c) Discuss the classification of brakes from different considerations. 04
Answer: Classification of Brakes:
The following are the classifications of Brakes
[1] By method of power (according to actuation):
(a) Mechanical brakes
(b) Hydraulic brakes
(c) Air brakes
(d) Vacuum brakes
(e) Power assisted hydraulic brakes
(f) Magnetic brakes
(g) Electrical brakes
[2] By method of application (according to purpose):

(a) Primary or Service or footbrakes
(b) Secondary or Parking or handbrakes
[3] By method of operation (according to extra braking efforts):

(a) Servo or Power Assisted brakes
(b) Power-operated brakes
[4] By method of Braking contact (according to construction):

(a) Internal Expanding brakes
(b) External Contracting brakes
[5] By Method of Applying Brake Force:

(a) Single Acting brakes
(b) Double Acting brakes.
[6] According to a number of wheels:

(a) Two-wheel brakes
(b) Four-wheel brakes
[7] According to the location:

(a) At Transmission
(b) At the wheel
(Any four appropriate types, 01 mark for each)

d) Describe the working of Mac-Pherson strut type of suspension system. 04
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Answer: Working of Mac-Pherson Strut Suspension System:
[1] The Mac-Pherson strut is a type of car suspension system that uses the axis of a
telescopic damper as the upper steering pivot.
[2] It is widely used in modern vehicles and named after Earle S. Mac-Pherson, who
developed the design.
[3] It consists of a wishbone or a substantial compression link stabilized by a secondary
link which provides a bottom mounting point for the hub or axle of the wheel. This
lower arm system provides both lateral and longitudinal locations of the wheel.
[4] The upper part of the hub is rigidly fixed to the inner part of the strut, the outer part
of which extends upwards directly to a mounting in the chassis of the vehicle.
[5] The wishbone is hinged to the cross member and resists accelerating, braking and
side forces.
Figure: Mac-Pherson Strut Suspension

(03 marks for appropriate working, 01 mark for suitable sketch)
(Note: Equivalent credit shall be given to working without a sketch or any other
suitable sketch is drawn)
a) Explain the importance of the aerodynamic shape of a car body. 04
Ans Answer: Importance of the aerodynamic shape of a car body:
i) It reduces air resistance or air drag.
ii) It prevents undesirable lift.
iii) It improves the fuel economy of the car by reducing fuel consumption.
iv) It increases the stability of the car on the road at higher speeds.
v) It reduces the noise of cars.
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vi) It improves the aesthetic appearance of car.
vii) It reduces the driver’s effort to drive the vehicle.
viii) It improves the speed of vehicle.
ix) It reduces the running cost of the vehicle.
(Any four appropriate Points, 1 Mark for each)

b) Explain with neat sketch working of power steering. 04
Answer: Working of Power Steering:
[1] When the steering wheel is turned, the worm turns the sector of the worm wheel
and the arm.
[2] The arm turns the road wheel by means of the drag link.
[3] If the resistance offered to turn the wheels is too high and the effort applied by the
driver to the steering wheel is too weak, then the worm, like a screw in a nut will be
displaced axially together with the distributor slide valve. 02 marks for
[4] The axial movement of the distributor slide valve in the cylinder will admit oil into appropriate
the booster cylinder through the pipeline. working
[5] The piston in the booster cylinder will turn the road wheels via the gear rack, the
toothed worm sector, the arm, and the drag link. At the same time, the worm sector will
act upon the worm and will shift it together with the distribution slide valve to its initial
position and stop the piston travel in the boost cylinder.
02 marks for
appropriate
sketch
Figure: Power Steering System
(02 marks for appropriate working, 02 marks for any suitable labeled sketch)
c) Discuss in detail various factors affecting tire life. 04
Ans Answer: Factors affecting tire life:
[1] Atmospheric condition:
The heat generated by the tire does not affect by climate and seasonal conditions but it
affects by the way heat dissipated to the surrounding. At high-temperature rubber gets 02 marks for
softened resulting in a decrease in the abrasive resistance causing more thread wear. listing any four
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[2] The road surface condition: factors
Concrete roads are greatly abrasive than the tarred road as it is made from varying size
of stone. Gravel road and extremely smooth which affects wear.
[3] The Route:
On straight roads tire and tire life reduces while winding road on a hilly area, tires wear
much faster when brake, change direction suddenly, and accelerate continuously, even
when speeds are relatively low.
[4] Type of Work: 02 marks for
The time available for a cooling tire is less on long and high-speed running. So their brief
continuous running reduces tire life and it is unavoidable. description
[5] Manner (Style) of driving:
The tire life decreases with the increase in car speed. Apart from inflation and vehicle
maintenance, the manner in which a vehicle is driven affects the tire life. The following
are the factors affecting tire life;
(a) Excessive Speeding
(b) Quick Starts
(c) Sudden Stops
[6] Inflation Pressures and Load:
The sidewall of the tire is deflected due to overload as same as in under-inflated. The
frequency of side wall deflection increases with increases in the speed of the vehicle
resulting in more heat generation causes more deflection. So, the tire will damage or
fails if it is allowed for a longer period. So, tire failure depends on the amount of load,
speed, and distance traveled.
[7] Correct alignment of wheel:
Due to excessive and too much camber, the outer ribs will get toe-out. The wear on the
inner side of the tire treads is caused by the negative camber. The excessive wear on
both the inner and outer area of the treads is caused due to excessive skidding on the
turn.
[8] Proper maintenance:
Wheel alignment and balancing suspension settings which may change due to bad
bumps.
(Any 2 appropriate factors with a brief description, 01 mark for each, 2 Marks for
listing the appropriate factors)
d) Explain the working of starting system. 04
Ans Answer: Working of Starting System:
The starting system uses a tremendous amount of battery power to operate a large DC
motor. The starting motor has a small gear that meshes with a much larger gear on the
engine flywheel. This allows the starter to rotate the flywheel and engine crankshaft.
The engine goes through its four-stroke cycle. Fuel is pulled into the cylinders and 03 marks for
ignited. The engine can then start and run on its own power. working of the
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[1] Starting system presently used in passenger cars and other vehicles has to start starting
contacts in the ignition switch. When the ignition key is turned against the spring force system.
pass the ON position to START, and the starting contacts close.
[2] This connects the starting- motor solenoid or magnetic switch to the battery. After
the engine start and the ignition key is released, spring force returns it to the ON
position. This opens the starting contacts.
[3] On starting motors used with overrunning clutches, a solenoid is commonly used to
produce the clutch-shifting action.
[4] The solenoid contains a pair of winding that is connected to the battery when the
starting switch is closed. This produces a magnetic field that pulls a plunger in.
[5] The plunger movement causes a shift lever to move the overrunning clutch on the
armature shaft.
[6] This shift the overrunning - clutch pinion into mesh with the flywheel teeth. At the
same time, the plunger movement forces a heavy switch to connect the starting motor
directly to the battery. Now, cranking begins.
01 marks for
appropriate
diagrams
including
labels.
Figure: Automobile Starting System
(03 Marks for appropriate working should include main working points, 01 mark for
neat labeled sketch)
(Note: Equivalent credit shall be given to working without a sketch or any other
suitable sketch is drawn)
a) State any four advantages and disadvantages of electric vehicles. 04
Ans Answer: Advantages of Electric Vehicles:
i) Eco-friendly.
ii) Renewable energy source
iii) Less noise and smoother motion
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iv) Cost-effective
v) Low maintenance
vi) Government support
vii) Energy efficient
Disadvantages of Electric Vehicles:
i) High initial cost
ii) Charging station limitations
iii) Recharging takes time
iv) Limited options
v) Less driving ranges.
vi) Increase the weight of batteries
vii) More expensive due to the cost of the battery
viii) Heavier weight
(Any 4 appropriate advantages and disadvantages, ½ mark for each)

b) Explain the working of the alternator with a neat sketch. 04
Ans Answer: Working of Alternator:
An electromagnet (Rotor) is mounted on a shaft and is supplied current for its
energization from a battery through the slip rings and brushes. The rotor is turned by a
belt and pulley by the engine. In series with the stator winding are two diodes which are
further connected to an outside electric circuit. When the electromagnet is rotated, the
magnetic lines of force cut the stationary stator loop to produce an induced current. To
convert AC to DC, diodes are employed which allow the current to pass through them
only in one direction. This DC current is fed to the electric circuit.
[1] When the field winding rotates a magnetic flux cut the magnetic lines produced by
pole (N and S) and e.m.f. is produced. This e.m.f. can be collected by brushes from the
slip rings.
[2] However, the alternating current generated in the coil is changed to direct current
D.C. by a rectifier just before output and if instead of revolving a coil, a magnet
(magnetic flux) is rotated inside the coil, current can be generated in the coil.
[3] The large volume of current generated in the coil, the more coil will heat up due to
current flow.
[4] Therefore, all alternators for automobiles utilize generating coil (stator coil) with an
internally rotating magnet (rotor coil).
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Figure: Working of Alternator
(02 marks for appropriate working-should including main working points, 02 marks for
suitable labelled sketch)
c) Draw a neat sketch of traffic sign STOP & NO PARKING. 04
Ans
STOP NO PARKING
(02 marks for accurate sketch of each traffic sign)

d) Describe briefly various types of electronic ignition systems. 04
Ans Answer: Types of electronic ignition systems:
(a) Distributor Less (Point Less) Ignition
(b) Transistor Controlled Ignition (TCI)
(c) Capacitor Discharge Ignition (CDI)
(d) High Energy Ignition (HEI)
(e) Computer Controlled Coil (C3I) Ignition
(a) Distributor Less (Point Less) Ignition:

A distributor-less ignition system is consisting of multiple induction coils instead of
having a distributor of an electronic ignition system, in which the coils rest on top of
the spark plugs. In addition, there are no spark plug wires in the system, and it is
electronic. In this system, the spark plug is fired from the coil and the timing of the spark
plug is controlled by an Ignition Control Unit (ICU) and Engine Control Unit (ECU),
making the system more efficient and reliable. `It normally consists of one coil per
cylinder or one coil for each pair of cylinders. By using multiple ignition coils, each spark
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plug in these cylinders will ignite at the same time. These types of systems are also
known as Direct Ignition Systems (DIS).
(b) Transistor Controlled Ignition (TCI):

A transistor interrupts a relatively high current carrying circuit, i.e., it controls the high
current in the collector circuit with less current in the base circuit. Therefore, a
transistor is used to assist the work of a contact breaker. Hence, this system is known as
Transistor assisted ignition system or transistorized ignition system. It consists of the
battery, ignition switch, transistor, collector, emitter, ballast resistor, contact breaker,
and ignition coil. distributor and spark plugs. The emitter of the transistor is connected
to the ignition coil through a ballast resistor. A collector is connected to the battery.
(c) Capacitive discharge ignition system:

A Capacitor Discharge Ignition or CDI is an electronic ignition device that stores an
electrical charge and then discharges it through an ignition coil in order to produce a
powerful spark from the spark plugs in a petrol engine. Here the ignition is provided by
the capacitor charge. The capacitor simply charges and discharges within a fraction of
time making it possible to create sparks CDIs are commonly found on motorbikes and
scooters.
(d) High Energy Ignition (HEI) System:

The HEI distributor is an inductive-discharge-style ignition, but with the points replaced
by a solid-state switching device called an electronic ignition control module. The
module works like an electrical switch, turning the power on and off to the ignition coil.
This, in turn, causes the coil to generate a spark.
(e) Computer Controlled Coil (C3I) Ignition:

Computer-controlled coil ignition is a digital ignition system in which the control unit
(ECU or ECM) is a small, dedicated computer that has the ability to read input signals
from the engine, such as speed, crank position, and load. These readings are compared
with data stored in the computer memory and the computer then sends outputs to the
ignition system.
(1 Mark for listing appropriate types, 1.5 Marks for a brief description of any two
types each)
(Note: Equivalent credit shall be given to a suitable sketch if drawn)
e) State the factors considered for site selection to set up your own garage. 04
Ans Answer: Factors considered for site selection set up for garage:
i) Easily approachable (nearby to the highway)
ii) Availability of sufficient space for moving of workers and also for easy
operation.
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iii) Availability of vehicles in the surroundings.
iv) Availability of proper lighting and sufficient ventilation.
v) Availability of qualified and experienced labor force.
vi) Availability of other utilities, raw materials, water, etc.
vii) Availability of power or electricity
viii) Provision of proper drainage
ix) Provision of Sanitation system.
x) Weather condition
xi) Government policy
(List of any 8 appropriate points, ½ marks for each)
5 Attempt any TWO of the following: (2X6) 12
a) Explain the working of diaphragm type clutch with a neat sketch. 6
Ans Answer: Working of Diaphragm Type Clutch:
[A] Disengaged condition:
[1] When the driver presses the clutch pedal through a linkages release fork presses the
release bearing.
[2] Due to the release Fork presses the release bearing, Release Bearing presses the
middle portion of the diaphragm to move inwards.
[3] Due to the inwards movement of the middle portion of the diaphragm, the outside
part of the diaphragm moves backward as well as pressure plate also moves backward.
[4] Therefore due to the pressure plate’s backward movement, pressure on the friction
plate gets removed. So, there is no friction between the plates & flywheel. Hence no
power transmission takes place. Hence clutch gets Disengaged.
[B] Engaged condition:
[1] When the driver releases the clutch pedal, results in diaphragm again comes to its
original position.
[2] Hence outside part of the diaphragm moves inside & presses the pressure plate on
the friction plate & flywheel.
[3] Therefore, friction occurs between them. Hence power/torque again starts to
transmit from the flywheel to the clutch shaft. Hence Clutch gets Engaged.
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Figure: Diaphragm type Single Plate Clutch
(03 Marks for appropriate working in brief, 03 marks for neat labelled sketch)
b) Describe the working of the master cylinder with a neat sketch. 6

Ans Answer: Working of Master cylinder:
The master cylinder consists of the following two sections;
[1] Fluid Reservoir contains the fluid to supply to the brake system. Fluid Reservoir
supplies fluid to the brake system through two parts.
[2] The compression Chamber contains the spring-operated piston and Intake & Bypass 03 Marks for
port for brake fluid circulation. Explanation
As a pedal is pressed, the push rod moves to the left against the force of the spring, till it
covers the by-pass port. Further movement of the push rod causes the building up of
pressure in the compression chamber. Finally, when sufficient pressure has built up, the
inner rubber cup of the fluid check valve is deflected, forcing the fluid under pressure in
the lines. This fluid enters the wheel cylinder or the caliper and moves the piston
thereby applying the brakes.
When the brake pedal is released, the spring pressure in the master cylinder moves the
piston to the right extreme position. This same force of the spring keeps the fluid check
valve pressed on its seat for some time and thereby delays the return of fluid from the
lines into the compression chamber again.
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03 Marks for
neat labelled
Sketch.
Figure: Master Cylinder

(03 Marks for appropriate working in brief, 03 Marks for neat labelled sketch)
c) 6
Ans Sr.
Static Balancing Dynamic Balancing
No.
Static balancing is performed with Dynamic balancing is performed with
1 the object being balanced at rest. the object being balanced in motion.
2 It is single axis balancing (Y-axis). It is three axis balancing (XYZ-axis).

No tendency to rotate on its spindle Wheel spins & wobbles rapidly from One mark to
3
by itself. side to side. each point
Checked by placing the wheel on a Checked by using a wheel balancing (Any 6 Points)
4
free rotating spindle. machine.
Weights are attached to wheel rim Mount the wheel on balancing
5 opposite to heavy spot. machine, which show how much
weight is to be attached.
Weights are made of lead alloy & The clip required weight on both
6 they are attached to the rim by steel sides of the rim opposite the heavy
clip. spot.
Balancing of forces due to the action Balancing of forces due to action of
7
of gravity. inertia forces.
In static balancing a stationary In dynamic balancing, a moving
object is said to balance when the object is said to balance when
8
object’s center of gravity is on the resultant moments are equal to zero.
axis of rotation.
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In static balancing only, static When we do dynamic balancing,
9
balancing is possible. static balancing is also met.
It is less desirable in car wheel It is mostly preferred in car wheel
10
balancing. balancing.
(Note: Equivalent credit shall be given to any other comparative points)
Compare Static balancing with dynamic balancing.
6 Attempt any TWO of the following: (2X6) 12

a) Explain the working of Differential with a neat sketch. 6
Ans Working of Differential:
[1] When vehicle moves in a straight line:
The power comes from propeller shaft to the bevel pinion which drives the crown
wheel. Then it is carried to the differential cage in which a set of planet pinions and sun
gears are located. From the sun gear it is transmitted to the road wheels through axle 03 Marks for
half shafts. In this case, the crown wheel, differential cage, planet pinions and sun gears Explanation
all turn as a single unit and there is no any relative motion between the sun gear and
planet pinion. The planet pinions do not rotate about their own axis. The road wheels,
half shafts and sun wheels offer the same resistance to being turned and the differential
gearing does not therefore operate. Both the road wheels turn at the same speed i.e.
“N” rpm.
03 Marks for
neat labelled
Sketch.
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Figure: Equal traction in straight ahead driving (pinion do not rotate differentially)
[2] When Vehicle takes a turn:

When the vehicle is taking a turn assume that the cage is stationary then, turning one
sun gear will cause the other to rotate “n” times in a particular time, the right sun gear
wheel also rotates “n” times in the same period but in opposite direction. The rotation
is super-imposed on the normal wheel speed when the vehicle is taking a turn. While
wheel speed “N” rpm going straight and when it takes a turn towards right at this time
there will be a resistance to the motion to the right wheel and as a result of differential
action the right wheel rotates back at “n” rpm then the left wheel rotate forward at “n”
rpm. This gives the resultant speed of the left wheel as (N+n) and that of the right wheel
as (N-n) rpm which results in proper turning of vehicle.
Figure: Inner & Outer wheel speed during a turn
(03 Marks for appropriate working, 03 Marks for suitable sketch)

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b) Explain with neat sketch, Bendix drive used in starting system. 6
Ans Answer: Bendix Drive used in Starting System:
Bendix Drive are inertia drives in which the starter motor pinion is made to engage or
disengage with toothed ring on periphery of engine flywheel. It is used to engage starter
pinion with flywheel gear. For fastening this unit with the armature starting motor shaft
the drive heads are keyed to the end of armature shaft while the other parts are free 03 Marks for
from the armature shaft & drive head. They are only connected through the spring Explanation
which is attached to the head & sleeve carrying pinion. When the current passes into
the starting motor the armature begins to turn at full speed causing the transmission of
turning effect to the threaded sleeve.
[1] When the motor starts, the armature shaft rotates causing the sleeve to rotate and
because the pinion cannot rotate due to the unbalanced weight, it moves axially
towards the motor till it is engaged with the flywheel.
[2] Further movement of the pinion is prevented by the collar attached to the sleeve
and because of this pinion has to start rotating. As it is also in mesh with the engine
flywheel, the flywheel is rotated and the engine starts.
03 Marks for
neat labeled
Sketch.
Figure: Bendix Drive
(03 Marks for appropriate explanation in brief, 03 Marks for suitable labeled sketch)
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c) Explain the role and responsibilities of service supervisor. 6
Ans Role and Responsibilities of Service Supervisor:
[1] To assigns, reviews and evaluates the work of a group of Technicians, Workers and
Helpers.
[2] To performing skilled mechanical, electrical, and related work in the maintenance
and repair of transportation equipment; maintains regulatory compliance through
trained employees.
[3] To applies sound supervisory principles and techniques in building and maintaining
an effective work force.
[4] To spends most of the time supervising, diagnosing trouble, laying out work, and
maintaining shop records. Any Six Points.
[5] To direct the technicians & workers for proper & effective repair and maintenance
activities. One mark to
[6] To schedules repair work in such a manner that automotive equipment is available each Roles and
when needed. responsibilities
[7] To instructs, advises, and assists subordinates on repair work.
[8] To supervise and coordinate activities of assigned personnel.
[9] To assign, supervise and participate in major and minor mechanical repairs on
vehicles, diagnose internal combustion engine maintenance problems.
[10] To diagnose, supervise and participate in repairs of mechanical defects in vehicles.
[11] To determine priority of work orders and their assignment to personnel; plan,
organize and schedule work flow of employees as assigned; advise and assist assigned
personnel; assure timely completion of work.
[12] To maintain records and reports as necessary.
[13] To conduct in-service training programs for employees with equipment suppliers
for new techniques in mechanical repairs.
[14] To assist in the selection of new employees; train, supervise and evaluate assigned
employees; recommend disciplinary action or promotion as appropriate; review
completed work and provide feedback as necessary.
[15] To initiate requisition for materials and equipment; authorize purchases from local
vendors; maintain adequate inventory of parts, equipment and supplies used in
repairing and servicing motorized vehicles.
[16] To monitor tools, tool room equipment, and maintenance and safety practices.
[17] To establish and implement prudent shop safety policies and procedures.
(Any 06 appropriate roles and responsibilities, 01 Mark for each)

(Note: Equivalent credit shall be given to any other appropriate roles and
responsibilities mentioned besides the above list)
Page No: 19/19

XXXXX: Important Instructions To Examiners

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XXXXX: Important Instructions To Examiners

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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Subject Name: AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (AEN) Subject Code: 22656

Q. Sub Answer Marking

(1/2 mark each for any four major components)

Page No: 1/19

(1 mark for each appropriate definition)

(1 mark for each appropriate definition)

(Any 1 appropriate point with correct functionality)

Page No: 2/19

(2 Marks for the appropriate concept of working principle)

[2] Ethanol used for Flex Fuel Vehicles:

[3] Natural Gas used for Natural Gas Vehicles:

[5] Liquified Petroleum Gas:

Page No: 3/19

[6] Electricity used for Electric Vehicles:

[7] Hydrogen used for Fuel Cell Vehicles:

Page No: 4/19

[2] By method of application (according to purpose):

[3] By method of operation (according to extra braking efforts):

[4] By method of Braking contact (according to construction):

[5] By Method of Applying Brake Force:

[6] According to a number of wheels:

[7] According to the location:

(Any four appropriate types, 01 mark for each)

Figure: Mac-Pherson Strut Suspension

Page No: 6/19

(Any four appropriate Points, 1 Mark for each)

Figure: Power Steering System

Figure: Automobile Starting System

(Any 4 appropriate advantages and disadvantages, ½ mark for each)

Page No: 10/19

Figure: Working of Alternator

(02 marks for accurate sketch of each traffic sign)

(a) Distributor Less (Point Less) Ignition:

(b) Transistor Controlled Ignition (TCI):

(c) Capacitive discharge ignition system:

(d) High Energy Ignition (HEI) System:

(e) Computer Controlled Coil (C3I) Ignition:

Page No: 13/19

Figure: Diaphragm type Single Plate Clutch

b) Describe the working of the master cylinder with a neat sketch. 6

Page No: 14/19

Figure: Master Cylinder

2 It is single axis balancing (Y-axis). It is three axis balancing (XYZ-axis).

Page No: 15/19

6 Attempt any TWO of the following: (2X6) 12

Page No: 16/19

[2] When Vehicle takes a turn:

Figure: Inner & Outer wheel speed during a turn

(03 Marks for appropriate working, 03 Marks for suitable sketch)

Page No: 17/19

Figure: Bendix Drive

Page No: 18/19

(Any 06 appropriate roles and responsibilities, 01 Mark for each)

Page No: 19/19

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