HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2 T I M E L I N E

1.Medieval Architecture
2.Romanesque Architecture
3.Gothic Architecture
4.Renaissance Architecture
5.Mesoamerican Architecture
6.Revivalism and Industrial Revolution (19th)
7.20thCentury Architecture
8.Modern and International Style
9.Contemporary Architecture

MEDIEVAL/ MEDIAEVAL
CASTLES
T H E M I D DL E A G E
-notable building in Medieval Architecture
-Medi–middle;
-Built on mounds above rivers
Ev–age; also called as ENGLISH MEDIEVAL
-Thick walls and small windows to resist
-Between Roman Empire and the
attacks
Renaissance
-many were adapted to make convenient
- the “Fall” of Romans and “Re- birth” of
residences in later periods.
culture
-King and Queen’s Residence
-The Dark Age/ Migration Age – no emperor
-Fortress at times of war

MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE
3 TYPES OF CASTLES:
-Medieval architecture simply refers to
1.Motteand Bailey Castle
architectural styles in medieval Europe
2.Stone Keep Castle
during the middle ages.
3.Concentric Castle
-started from Romanesque to Gothic
Architecture.

VIKINGS
Sea Warriors

CRUCK FRAMED HOUSE

Hook –Bent
No chimneys in medieval houses, just a hole
in the roof
•Roof –made of Thatched with tile or slates
•Walls –made of wattle and daub
MOTTE & BAILEY
Earliest form of Castle

BALISTRARIA
PARTS OF CATLES Cross shaped opening
1.Donjon/ Keep/ Tower
2.Peel BARTIZAN
3.Battlement an overhanging corner
4.Merlon turret at the top of a
5.Crenel castle or church tower
6.Allure
7.Balistraria
8.Bartisan MACHICOLATION
9.Machicolation an opening between the supporting corbels
10.Bastea of a projecting parapet or the vault of a
11.Bajnitsa gate, through which stones or burning
objects could be dropped on attackers.
TOWER
At first towers were built as self-suficient
fortification units. The towers had everything
to keep enemy away for long weeks of the
siege -water, food, gun powder and other
artillery supplies.

DONJON/KEEP/ TOWER
A stronghold of Medieval Castle; usually in
the form of a massive tower.
BASTEA
PEEL artificial soil elevation or stone wall which is
In Northern England and Scotland in the semi-round or horse shoe -shaped in plan.
middle ages, it is a small emergency defense Allows for good shooting access of troops.
structure, generally a low fortified tower
BAJNITSA
BATTLEMENT Loophole/ Small Window/ Shooting Window
in defensive architecture, such as that of city
walls or castles, comprises a parapet.
 = 2 gateways guarded by machicolations,
drawbridge and porticullis.

2. WINDSOR CASTLE, England

-A royal
residence
and It is in
essence a
Georgian and
PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT Victorian
design based
1.Anglo-Saxon Period –characterized by the on a medieval structure, with Gothic features
use of the timberfor domestic building reinvented in a modern
2.Norman or Transition Period –characterized style.
by bold and massive architecture with 4. TOWER OF LONDON
distinct piers and flat buttresses
3.Early English or Lancet Period –less massive,
simple ornamentwith tall ad narrow lancet
openings
4.Decorated or Geometrical and Curvilinear
Period –more ornate and elaborated
decoration 5. KRAK DES CHAVALIERS, SYRIA
5.Perpendicular Period –Rectilinear/ late
pointed/ Lancastrian Period 6.Coca, Segovia
6.Tudor Period –used in domestic building,
similar in perpendicular style 7. BODIAM CASTLE England
MoatedCastle in
EXAMPLE OF CASTLES East Sussex,
MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE England. Built in
1.Carcassone 1385 by Edward
2.Windsor Castles Dalyngriggeto
3.Warwick Castle defend the area
4.Tower of London –White Tower against French invasion during the Hundred
5.Krakdes Chavaliers Years War.
6.Coca, Segovia 8. EDINBURGH CASTLE SCOTLAND
7.BodiamCastle Itis a historic
8.Edinburgh Castle fortress which
dominates the
1. CARCASSONE France skyline of the city
-Built in 13thCentury AD of Edinburgh,
-Double wall, inner one made in 600 AD Scotland, from its position on the Castle
-50 towers and moat Rock.
-END OF MEDIEVAL ARCH
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2 T I M E L I N E
1.Medieval Architecture
2.Romanesque Architecture
3.Gothic Architecture
4.Renaissance Architecture
5.Mesoamerican Architecture
6.Revivalism and Industrial Revolution (19th)
7.20thCentury Architecture
8.Modern and International Style
9.Contemporary Architecture
ROMANESQUE
ROMAN LIKE/ ROMAN DESCENDANTS
•800 years after Roman
•First distinctive style since Roman
•Art and Civilization was restored
•Pilgrimage –to save church from Islamic
Control
•Spread of Christianity/ Rose of Papacy
•Rise of Religious Orders focuses of art and
architecture
•Adapted the Medieval Concept (Castles)
•Moved away from woods
•Stone and Masonry Construction
•Focus on Churches –3 to 4 levels in height
•Charlemagne “Charles the Great” -father of
Europe
INFLUENCES
Countries that have been influenced by
Romanesque Architecture
1.Northern Italy
2.Southern Italy
3.Central Italy
4.France
5.Germany
6.Spain
7.England
8.Central Europe
Northern Italy
•Ornamental arcades all over façade
•Wheel window
•Central projecting porch, with columns on
roughly-carved grotesque figures of men
and beasts (shows Northern European
influence)
Southern Italy
•Richer in design and color
•Elaborate wheel windows–made of sheets
of pierced marble
•Greater variety in columns and capitals
•Elaborate bronze doors and bronze pilasters
•Byzantine influence : mosaic decorations,
no vaults, used domes
•Muslim influence: use of striped marbles,
stilted pointed arches, colorful, geometric
designs as predominant interior decoration.
Central Italy
•Rome, Florence, Naples, Pisa–cities rich in
pagan influence
•Pisa had commercial links with the Holy
Land; fought with Muslims
•Great stone and mineral wealth, brilliant
atmosphere.
France
•Remains of old buildings were less
abundant–they had greater freedom of
developing new style
•Rib-vaults and semi-circular or pointed
arches over the nave and aisles
•Timber-framed roofs of slate finish and
steep slope to throw off snow.
Central Europe
Worms Cathedral
•Eastern and western apses and octagons
•2circulartowersflankeach
•Octagon at crossing ,with pointed roof
Spain
•Use of both Basilican and Greek-cross forms
•Use of horse shoe arch
England
3foundations:
•Old foundation- served by secular clergy
•Monastic foundation-served by regular
clergy or monks
•New foundation-to which bishops had
been appointed.
PROMINENT BUILDINGS Campo Santo
1. Cathedrals –Basilica in Plan. It symbolized •Holy Field
God’s kingdom. The holiest part was the •also known as Campo santo Monumentale
apse. Symbolism was important: ("monumental cemetery") or Camposanto
Vecchio ("old cemetery"), is a historical edifice
a. Circular parts reflect perfection so they
at the northern edge of the Cathedral Square
were linked to God
in Pisa, Italy.
b. Squared parts are related to the
human. ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
2. Campaniles –are straight tower shaft Based from Roman Architectural Elements
Straight towers shafts, generally standing 1.Round/ semicircular arches/ Arcades
alone 2.Blind Arches
3. Baptisteries -Large, separate buildings 3.Massive Thick Walls
usually octagonal in plan and connected to 4.Small Windows
the cathedral by the atrium 5.Dark Solemn Interiors
6.Vaults –high ceiling from flat of Romans
Used 3 times a year: Easter, Pentecost
7.Buttress
,Epiphany
8.Wheel/ Rose Window
4. Monasteries -Sometimes also functioned 9.Piers –supporting vaults
as cathedrals, and the cathedrals that had 10.Towers –Double towers
bodies of secular clergy often living in 11.Multiple Units
community, were a major source of power in 12.Capitals
Europe.

PIAZZA DEI MIRACOLI 1.ROUND ARCHES/ 2. BLIND ARCHES

ARCADES

3. MASSIVE THICK WALLS 4. SMALL WINDOWS

PIAZZA DEI MIRACOLI

Pisa, Tuscany, Central Italy (Square of Miracle)
Cathedral
•Forms one of most famous building groups in
the world- Cathedral, Baptistery, Campanile,
and Campo Santo
•Resembles other early Basilican churches in
plan
•Exterior of red and white marble bands
Baptistery 5. DARK SOLEMN INTERIORS
•39.3mcircularplanbyDiotiSalvi 6. VAULTS 7. BUTRESS
Campanile
•aka The “Leaning Tower of Pisa”
•8 storeys,16 min diameter
•Due to failure of foundations, overhangs 4.2m
•Took 199 years to build since 1173
8. WHEEL/ ROSE WINDOW 9. PIERS Capital of simplified
concave
- Corinthian form with
billeted abacus,
simple dosseret and
pronounced annulet.

Simple capital of a
10. TOWERS/ DOUBLE TOWER 11. MULTIPLE
Doric form supporting
UNITS
a Mozarabic arch.

CHURCH DETAILS
1.Church Plan
2.Church Interior
3.Church Portal
12. CAPITALS 4.Cloister
•The Corinthian 5.Porches
capital is 6.Crypts
essentially round 7.Chapter Houses
at the bottom
where it sits on a
circular column
and square at the top, where it supports
the wall or arch.
•This form of capital was maintained in the
general proportions and outline of the
Romanesque capital.

Capital of amorphous
-form surmounting a
cluster of shafts.
- shows a winged CHURCH INTERIOR
devil directing Herod Interior elevation: it consists of three levels:
to slaughter the •First floor with columns or cross-shaped
Innocents. pillars
•Second floor with the tribune (corridor
overlooking the nave, over the aisles)
•Clerestory: area of windows opening to
Capital of the outside.
Corinthian
-form with Byzantine
decoration and
carved dosseret.
CHURCH PORTAL
Tympanum
last
judgment/
mission of the
apostles
VEZELAY,
FRANCE –
tympanum

TRUMEAU –CHRIST/ MARY/ SAINTS

 CHAPTER HOUSES
•Often occur
adjacent to
monastic or
cathedral
churches.
•Early chapter
houses were
rectangular in
shape, with the larger ones sometimes
having groin or ribbed vaults supported on
columns.
•Abuilding or room that is part of a
cathedral, monastery or collegiate church
in which larger meetings are held.

CRYPTS
•Are often
present as an
underlying
structure to a
substantial
Other Images church
•SIN  Are
•VICES generally a completely discrete space, but
CLOISTERS occasionally, as in some Italian churches,
may be a sunken space under a raised
chancel and open, via steps, to the body
of the nave.
•Typically contains coffins, sarcophagi, or
religious relics.

-END OF ROMANESQUE ARCH

PORCHES HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2 T I M E L I N E

• original design of a façade
1.Medieval Architecture
 usually only one bay deep and are
2.Romanesque Architecture
supported on two columns, often resting
3.Gothic Architecture
on couchant lions, as at St Zeno, Verona.
4.Renaissance Architecture
•Porches of various dates have been
5.Mesoamerican Architecture
added to the facade or side entrance of
6.Revivalism and Industrial Revolution (19th)
existent churches and may be quite a
7.20thCentury Architecture
substantial structure
8.Modern and International Style
 with several bays of vaulting supported on
9.Contemporary Architecture
an open or partially open arcade, and
forming a sort of narthex.
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE SEVILLE CATHEDRAL
12th–16thCentury •Seville, Andalusia, Spain
•An architectural style evolved from •Largest Gothic Cathedral in the world
Romanesque and succeeded to •Third largest cathedral in the world
Renaissance Architecture •Replaced HagiaSophia in its completion
•Goth –barbaric tribe in various regions in •Burial place of Christopher Columbus
Europe who wreck havoc hundred years •Architects: Alonso Martínez, Pedro
earlier Dancart, CarlesGaltésde Ruan, Alonso
•expressed their disgust for an architectural Rodríguez
style that they felt had blighted the face of
Europe NOTRE DAME de PARIS
•Gothic designers/ builders has •Notre Dame Cathedral
revolutionized the method of construction •One of the oldest French Gothic Church
•Started by Bishop Maurice de Sully
GOTHIC CHURCHES •Famous from Victor Hugo’s Novel the
1.Amiens Cathedral HunchbackOf Notre Dame.
2.Seville Cathedral
3.Notre Dame de Paris COLOGNE CATHEDRAL
4.Cologne Cathedral •Largest Gothic Church in Northern Europe
5.Milan Cathedral •515 ft tall cathedral tower s and 91,000.00
6.Siena Cathedral floor area
7.Chartres Cathedral
8.Reims Cathedral MILAN CATHEDRAL
9.York Cathedral •Milan, Italy
10.Ulm Cathedral •Also known as the Duomo
•The 5thlargest Cathedral in the world
•The largest church in Italy
•It has the most statues/ spires
•HenrichVon Gmunden

CHARTRES CATHEDRAL
 A masterpiece and high point of
 French Gothic ArtFamous for its 160
stained glass windows
 Unidenticaltowers

REIMS CATHEDRAL
 Place du Cardinal Luçon, 51100
Reims, France
 Coordination church of Francewhere
Kings were crowned
 West façade 500 statues

YORK CATHEDRAL
It is the seat of an archbishop second in
rank only to that of Canterbury and
boasts a huge collection of medieval
stained glass.
 ULM CATHEDRAL
 It is the tallest cathedral in the world
 4thtallest structure built before the
20thCentury
 The tallest gothic spire in Europe
 Its not a cathedral as it has never
been seat of a bishop.

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
1.Large Windows
2.Stained glass 9.Rose Window
windows 10.Tracery
3.Thin walls 11.Foils
4.Vaulted Ceiling 12.Cimborio
5.Flying Buttresses 13.Crockets
6.Tall Thin 14.Steeple
Columns 15.Epi
7.Pointed Arches 16.Finial
8.Spires
SPIRE STAINED GLASS
Steeply pointed pyramidal or conical Are colorful glass patterns illustrating stories
termination to a tower. from the bible.

GARGOYLE
Are waterspout projecting from the roof
gutter of a building.

SAN SEBASTIAN CHURCH

•The first all steel church in the Philippines
•Neo Gothic
•Revival ofGothic
•Quiapo, Manila
•GenaroPalacios
•No weld, all bolts
•Interior painted to look like stones
•Gustav Eifel myth

-END OF GOTHIC ARCH

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2 T I M E L I N E

1.Medieval Architecture
2.Romanesque Architecture
3.Gothic Architecture
4.Renaissance Architecture
5.Mesoamerican Architecture
6.Revivalism and Industrial Revolution (19th)
7.20thCentury Architecture
8.Modern and International Style
9.Contemporary Architecture

RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE
15th–18thCentury
•The “Rebirth” or “Revival” or “Born Again”
of Classical Arts (Greek and Roman)
depends on the form and purpose of the
building.
•Now applied to various types of buildings –
churches, chateau, domestic buildings,
villas, palaces

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
Domes Walls
Vaults Doors
Ceilings Balusters
Arch Windows
Columns Balusters
Pilasters Parapets
 WALLS
•EXTERIOR
-Rusticated Ashlar
Masonry
-Basement to the Ground
•CORNER -Quoins
•INTERIOR
-Smoothed Plastered
Surfaces decorated with
Frescoes

Fresco
Is the method of painting in which color
VAULTS pigments are mixed solely with water and
then applied directly onto freshly laid lime-
Barrel or Semi-
plaster ground.
circular/
segmental on
DOORS
a square plan
Semicircular/ segmental/
(No Ribs)
triangular pediment with
square lintels. Openings
CEILINGS
without doors usually
Flat or coffered
arched and have a large
or painted
or decorative keystone.

ARCHES
WINDOWS
Semi Circular or Segmental
Paired within a semicircular arch. Used
triangular and segmental pediments often
used alternately.

PARAPETS WITH BALUSTERS

 ALTERNATING PEDIMENTS
Triangular and Segmental
NOTABLE PERSONS AND WORKS
•Filippo Bruneleschi
•Marcus Vitruvius Pollio
•Leonardo daVinci
•Leon Battista Alberti
•Michaelangelo
•Andrea Palladio
•Donatto Bramante
•Christopher Wren
FILIPPO BRUNELESCHI
FATHEROFRENAISSANCEARCHITECTURE
 Filippo Brunelleschi was one of the
leading architects and engineers of the
Italian Renaissance, and is best known for
his work on the Cathedral of Santa Maria
del Fiore (the Duomo) in Florence.
Considered as the first renaissance
architect and known for his discovery of
onepoint perspective.
FLORENCE CATHEDRAL
The project left unfinished also the Dome,
since in 1421only the frame (polygonal base)
had been erected. Two architects, Lorenzo
Ghiberti (1368-1445) and Filippo Brunelleschi
(1377-1446) won the competition although it
was the latter who actually built the dome,
showing a great mastery of technical
knowledge, in 1436.
VITRUVIUS
-Marcus Vitruvius Pollio was a Roman Military
engineer and architect
-who wrote De Architectura (On
Architecture)
DE ARCHITECTURA
THE10BOOKSONARCHITECTURE
Is a treatise on architecture written by the
Roman architect Vitruvius and dedicated to
his patron, the emperor Caesar Augustus as
a guide for building projects.
VITRUVIAN MAN
-Drawn by Leonardo da Vinci in 1490
-depicts a man in two superimposed
positions with his arms and legs apart and
inscribed in a circle and square.
-The Proportion of Human Body in relation to
building design and environment by
Vitruvius.
-Ideal body = 8 heads high
LEONARDO DAVINCI
-ITALIAN POLYMATH / RENAISSANCE ARTIST
-Father of palaeontology, ichnology, and
architecture
-Considered one of the greatest painters of
all time.
LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI
-Italian humanist, architect, and principal
initiator of Renaissance Art Theory.
-He is considered the prototype of the
Renaissance “universal man”.
MICHAELANGELO
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni
was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect,
and poet of the High Renaissance who
exerted an unparalleled influence on the
development of Western art.
ANDREA PALLADIO
-Italian architect, regarded as the greatest
architect of 16th-century northern Italy. His
designs for palaces(palazzi)and villas,
notably the Villa Rotonda.
-Most Copied Architect.
DONATO BRAMANTE
 one of the greatest architects of the
Italian Renaissance
 was considered by his
contemporaries to have restored the
true principles of ancient
architecture, and is acknowledged
today as the founder of the High
Renaissance architectural style.
SAINT PETER’S SQUARE
 Redesigned by Gian Lorenzo Bernini
with colonnades and a red granite
Egyptian obelisk 25.50m tall originally
located in Heliopolis, Egypt
SAINT PAUL’S CATHEDRAL
 Located in London, England
designed by Sir Christopher
Wren6000 floor area with large
central space under dome for big
congregation.
TAAL BASILICA
 Basilica of Saint Martin of Tours
 Taal, Batangas
 Asia’s largest catholic church
 Renaissance Architecture
-END OF RENAISSANCE ARCH
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2 T I M E L I N E
1.Medieval Architecture
2.Roanesque Architecture
3.Gothic Architecture
4.Renaissance Architecture
5.Mesoamerican Architecture
6.Revivalism and Industrial Revolution (19th)
7.20thCentury Architecture
8.Modern and International Style
9.Contemporary Architecture
MESOAMERICAN ARCHITECTURE
Is an architectural era and building traditions
of the indigenous cultures in parts of Mexico
and Central America before the 16th-
century Spanish conquest result of intensive
cultural exchange between the different
cultures of Mesoamerican History.
PeriodsofDevelopment: Civilizations:
•Pre-Classic(1500BC-AD300) 1.Mayan
•Classic(300-900) 2.Aztec
•Post-Classic(900-1500) 3.Incas
HUTS
Houses
MAIZE
Corn –Source of Food
MAYAN
-In between two (2) continents: North
America and South America
-Excellent Medical Techniques
-Has advanced writing skills
-They were fond of jewelry
BALLCOURT
Ball Game

POK-A-TOK
Ball Game
Rubber Ball

MADRID CODEX
Pictograph of Mayans
The Madrid Codex is the longest of the
surviving Maya codices. Its content mainly
consists of almanacs and horoscopes used TEMPLE OF THE SUN
to help Maya priest in the performance of Biggest Mayan Pyramid
their ceremonies and divinatory rituals. PYRAMID OF THE MOON
Second Largest Temple in Teotihuacan
CHICHEN ITZA AZTEC
"at the mouth of the well of theItza people" -Brutal People
was a largepre-Columbian city built by
theMaya Peopleof the Terminal Classic AZTEC CALENDAR
period. Located in Yucatan, Mexico  The calendar consisted of a 365-day
calendar cycle called xiuhpohualli
EL CASTILLO (year count) and a 260-day ritual
Center of Chichen Itza cycle called tonalpohualli (day
count).
 18 terraces on each side  These two cycles together formed a
 the number of months in the Mayan 52-year "century," sometimes called
year the calendar round
 There are four staircases, each with 91
steps, with one final step to the summit CHINAMPAS
temple making 365 steps, one for each AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM
day of the year. CODEX BORBONICUS
Pictograph of Aztecs
TEOTIHUACAN  The Codex Borbonicusis a single
 Is an ancient Mesoamerican city 46.5-foot (14.2m) long sheet of
located in a sub-valley of the Valley amati"paper"
of Mexico.  the calendar pictures all contain
 Located in the State of Mexico40 room above them for Spanish
kilometers (25mi) northeast of modern- descriptions.
day Mexico City.
 Known as the site of many of the most INCAS
architecturally significant -Kind Ones
Mesoamerican pyramids built in the
pre-Columbian Americas.
MACHU PICCHU
 CITY ON TOP OF THE MOUNTAIN
 CUZCO REGION, PERU
 INCAN CITY/ CITADEL
 600 TERRACES (KEEPS CITY FROM
SLIDING DOWN THE MOUNTAIN)
 USED FOR AGRICULTURAL
 170+ BUILDINGS
 THOUSANDS OF STEPS
 SEVERAL TEMPLES
 16 FOUNTAINS INCA QUIPU
 HUNDRED OF THOUSANDS OF STONES Record keeping
 MADE OF MASSIVE GRANITE device by tying
 NEAR SITE WITHOUT TOOLS knots which
 USED RIVER ROCKS (HARDER) TO indicated debt,
CARVED ROCK tax or obligations.
 RAINS MOSTLY THROUGOUT THE YEAR

TWELVE CORNER STONE

 An archeological artefact in Cuzcom
Peru
 It was part of a stone wall of an Inca
palace, and is considered to be a
nationa lheritage object. The stone is
currently part of a wall of the palace
of the Archbishop of Cuzco.

INTIHUATANA
 The place when the sun gets tied
 It was a religious construction,
conformed of 4 sides, considering like
the 4 cardinals points
(north,south,eastandwest) -END OF MESOAMERICAN ARCH
 Located at the top of the sacred
mountain.

TEMPLE OF 3 WINDOWS
 Just 3 of the 5 windows are remaining,
and these 3 windows represent each
part of the world: The underground
(Uku-Pacha) the heaven (Hanan-
Pacha) and the present or the actual
time (Kay-Pacha)
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2 T I M E L I N E NEUSHWANSTEIN CASTLE
Romanesque Revival
1.Medieval Architecture
 A picturesque castle on a mountain
2.Romanesque Architecture
located in Hohenschwangau,
3.Gothic Architecture
Germany designed by Eduard Reidel.
4.Renaissance Architecture
 Inspiration of Disney Land’s Snow
5.Mesoamerican Architecture
White Castle
6.Revivalism and Industrial Revolution (19th)
7.20thCentury Architecture
PALAIS GARNIER
8.Modern and International Style
 Roman/
9.Contemporary Architecture
Renaissance
Revival Beaux
Arts
REVIVALISM is the use of visual styles that
 Place de
consciously echo the style of a previous
I’Opera, 9th
architectural era.
• Romanesque Revival
arrondissement Paris, France
• Renaissance Revival
 Is an Opera House built and Home for
• Neoclassicism/ Neo Classical
“Paris Opera” designed by Charles
• Gothic Revival
Garnier.
• Islamic Revival Europe – Roman Style
America – Greek Style
ESCALIER D’ HONNEUR
The Grand Staircase
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Escalier – Stairs in French
 The biggest impact of the Industrial
The Opera
Revolution on 19th century
architecture was the mass-production
PANTHEON NEOCLASSICISM
of iron and later steel in quantities
Neoclassicism - Higest Rank of Classical
where it became an economically
Architecture
plausible building material (as
opposed a limited material for
weapons and tools). This magical
material, steel, was a game changer
in architecture.

1.Neushwanstein Castle
2.Palais Garnier
3.Pantheon in Paris
4.Le Madeleine
LE MADELEINE
5.Arch De Triomphe
NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE
6.Grande Arche La Defense
 Located in 8th Arrondissement Paris, France
7.Newton Monument
 Architect: Pierre-Alexandre Vignon
8.Monticello
Designed as a temple of Glory of Napoleon’s
9.Rotunda at University of Virginia
Army.
10.The Capitol
11.Lincoln Memorial
12.The Pentagon
13.The White House
14.Westminster Palace
15.Buckingham Palace
16.Brighton Pavilion
 NEWTON MONUMENT
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE – Revived Roman Etienne-Louis Boullee
Neo Classical Architect
Cenotaph - an
empty tomb or
future tomb to
commemorate
the deceased
150m tall
sphere bigger
QUADRIGAS than the pyramids (though never built)
FOUR HORSE STATUES ON TOP OF A BUILDING
TRIGAS – 3 HORSES THOMAS JEFFERSON
BIGAS – 2 HORSES 3RD AMERICAN PRESIDENT AND ARCHITECT

MONTICELLO
 was the
primary
plantation of
Thomas
excellent injured dead Jefferson, the
third who
ARCH DE TRIOMPHE
began designing and building Monticello.
NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE
 The Arc de
THE CAPITOL
Triomphe
Washington DC
honours
WASHINGTON MONUMENT
those who
World’s Tallest Obelisk – 169m
fought and
died for
France in
the French

Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars

 The names of all French victories and
generals inscribed on its inner and outer
surfaces.
 Beneath its vault lies the Tomb of the
Unknown Soldier from World War 1.
NEO CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE
A reaction to Rococo and Baroque
GRANDE ARCHE LA DEFENSE
architectural styles. New discoveries of Greek
The 20th Century version of Arc de Triomphe
and Roman architecture led Neoclassical
designed by Johann Otto von Spreklesen.
period, which lasted 1850-1900.

Neoclassical buildings have few defining

characteristics:
•Clean, elegant lines
•Uncluttered appearance
•Free standing columns
•Massive buildings
LICOLN MEMORIAL, Washington DC THE PALACE OF WESTMINSTER
Neo Classical WESTMINSTER,
Ar. Henry Bacon LONDON
“THE
PARLIAMENT”
GOTHIC REVIVAL
The meeting
place of the
House of Commons and House of the
Lords of the United Kingdom.

BIG BEN – 7M DIAMETER. 13.5 TONS, 1859

Central Post Office Building
Liwasang
Bonifacio
(Plaza
Lawton)
designed by
Architect
Juan Arellano
in Neo BUCKINGHAM PALACE LONDON,
Classical Style damaged during world war 2 ENGLAND NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE
rebuilt in 1946 preserving its original design. THE QUEEN’S HOUSE ROSE GARDEN

OLD LEGISLATIVE BUILDING

PADRE BURGOS
AVE, ERMITA,
MANILA DESIGNED
BY AR. ANTONIO
TOLEDO
NEOCLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
NOW – NATIONAL MUSEUM ECLECTICISM
ARCHITECTURE
A stylized DNA double helix is the focus of mixture of elements from previous
the glass-covered central courtyard, the historical styles to create something that is
symbolic center of the new Museum of new and original.
Natural History.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
THE PENTAGON CONCENTRIC WALLS - The biggest impact of the Industrial
MEDIEVAL Revolution architecture was the mass-
Headquarters of the United States production of iron and later steel.
Department of Defense by George Edwin Example:
Bergstrom 1.Eiffel Tower
2.St. Pancras Station
THE WHITE HOUSE 3.King Cross Station
 James Hoban and Benjamin Latrobe 4.Iron Bridge
 The White House is the official residence 5.Ponte De Artes
and principal workplace of the President 6.Crystal Palace
of the United States 7.Lloyd’s Building (Modern)
MAJOR INVENTIONS CRYSTAL PALACE
Roads- To easily transport people and -was a cast-iron and
goods plate glass structure
Railways- To connect larger cities and originally built in
Hyde Park, London,
town
to house the Great
Canals- Improved drainage and
Exhibition of 1851.
sanitation
Ship- To transport goods overseas ELISHA OTIS
Inventor of Elevator exhibiting his creation
EIFFEL TOWER inside the crystal palace cutting his cord
Alexandre Gustave Eiffel In 1889, preventing it from falling.
 Paris hosted an Exposition Universelle
(World’s Fair) to mark the 100-year LLOYD’S BUILDING
anniversary of the French Revolution By Richard Rogers and
Partners is the home of the
and Eiffel’s company won over 100
insurance institution Lloyd’s
entries for exhibit’s gateway.
of London completed in
 Maurice Koechlin – Conceptualize (an 1986.
employee of Gustav Company)
-END OF REVIVALISM & INDUSTRIAL REVO.

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2 T I M E L I N E

1.Medieval Architecture
2.Romanesque Architecture
3.Gothic Architecture
4.Renaissance Architecture
5.Mesoamerican Architecture
6.Revivalism and Industrial Revolution (19th)
7.20thCentury Architecture
8.Modern and International Style
ST. PANCRAS STATION 9.Contemporary Architecture
-The station takes its name from a 4th
century saint who was beheaded by the MODERN ARCHITECTURE
Roman Emperor Diocletian.
Is the term given to the range of
approaches in architecture, first appearing
KING CROSS STATION -London’s King’s at the beginning of the 20th century, that
Cross Station opened in 1852 as part of rejected historic precedent.
the Great Northern Railways and the
terminus of the East Coast Main Line. MODERNISM STYLES:
1.Arts and Crafts Movement
IRON BRIDGE 2.Art Nouveau
First Steel Bridge in the World that cross the 3.De Stijl
River Severn in Shropshire, England
4.Bauhaus
5.International Style
6.Art Deco
7.Metabolism
Dovetail 8.Brutalism
Joints 9.Post Modernism
10.Deconstructivism
FLAT SLAB
A suspended slab with no structural beams
often has capital on top to avoid punching
shear. PARC GUELL
The Park
1. ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT Güell is a
public park
The use of indigenous materials and
system
picturesque look. It was an international
composed of
movement in the decorative and fine
gardens and
arts. architectonic
elements.
THE RED HOUSE
BEXLEYHEATH, LONDON, ENGLAND CASA BATTLO
Located in
Barcelona, Spain also
called as Casas Dels
Ososor “The House of
Bones”

CASA MILA
Located in
2. ART NOUVEAU Barcelona, UNESCO
It is an international style of art, architecture WHS. It has an
and design that peaked in popularity at the Elephant Skin like facade and has no
beginning of the 20th century(1880-1914) straight lines.
Art Nouveau–French for NEW ART
SAGRADAFAMILIA
HOTEL TASSEL Church of the Holy
Considered as the very Family; located in
first ART NOUVEAU Barcelona, Spain
building in the world now declared as a
designed by Victor Minor Basilica
Horta housing a Bishop.

3. DE STIJL
ST.CYR HOUSE  Dutch for “The Style” (also known as Neo
The maison Saint-Cyr is plasticism) 1917-1931
Gustave Strauven's most  Sought to express a new utopian ideal of
important building spiritual harmony and order.

METROPOLITAIN PARIS 4. BAUHAUS

A rapid transit system in Paris
Metropolitan Area designed
by Hector Guimard
ANTONI GAUDI
He was a Spanish Architect best
known for Catalan Modernism
reflects a distinctive style.
“Form does not necessarily
follow function.”
“Straight lines belong to man, curve lines
belong to God”
An art and architecture school in Germany
founded by Walter Gropius (Dean). 1919-
1933 stopped due to World War II
transferred to US.
5. INTERNATIONAL STYLE
Is the name of a major architectural style
that is said to have emerged in the 1920s
and 1930s
 PAPYRUS DOOR
VILLA SAVOYE CHRYSLER BUILDING ELEVATOR
By Charles-ÉdouardJeanneretor Le Construction during the discovery of the
Corbusier represents the five points of New tomb of Tutankhamen Egypt.
Architecture. 1928-1931
ROCKEFELLER CENTER
Ar. Raymond Hood
Modern/ Art Deco Building in Manhattan
New York

7. METABOLISM
 Japanese modern movement
combination of mega structures to
biological growth.
 Under the influence of Kenzo Tange
LOUIS SULLIVAN design the future of the city.
"Form follows function”
KENZO TANGE
“Modern architecture need not to be Western”

FLATIRON BUILDING FUJI TV HEADQUARTERS

Fuller building is a 22 storey triangular The 3rd and current headquarters of Fuji TV
building an iconic and groundbreaking designed by Kenzo Tange in Tokyo, Japan
skyscraper designed by Daniel Burnham
completed in 1902

PRITZKER PRIZE
To honor a living architect or architects
whose built work demonstrates a
combination of those qualities of talent,
vision, and commitment.

6. ART DECO
A combination of many different styles and
movements of the early 20th century,
including Constructionism, Cubism,
Modernism, Bauhaus, Art Nouveau, and
Futurism. Its popularity apexed during the 8. BRUTALISM ARCHITECTURE
1920s. RAW / PURE CONCRETE/ NAKED

LE CORBUSIER
"The house is a machine for living in“
“Cube within a cube”
“5 points of architecture”
 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT JOHNSON WAX BUILDING
 Organic Architect
 Student of Louis Sullivan
 America’s most famous architect
 "Form follows function that has been
misunderstood. Form and function
shouldbe one, joined in a spiritual
union”
 “Every great architect is –necessarily-
a great poet. He must be a great
original interpreter of his time, his
day, his age.” TALIESIN WEST
 “I believe in God, only I spell it Frank Lloyd Wright’s school of architecture
nature”
 “Less is more only when more is too LIRA LUIS
much” The first Filipino Architect/ graduate of the Frank
Lloyd Wright’s school of architecture in Taliesin
THE FALLING WATER
LUDWIG MIES VAN DE ROHE
o “Less is more”
o "Architecture is the will of an
epochtranslated into space"
o "Architecture starts when you carefully put
two brickstogether. There it begins“
 “God is in the details”

FARNSWORTH
HOUSE
ROBBIE HOUSE One room glass
and steel retreat
house in Chicago.

PHILIP JOHNSON
"All architects want to live beyond their deaths“
“Architecture is the art of how to waste space ”

9. POST MODERNISM
 Is a style or movement which emerged in
the 1960s as are action against the
GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM austerity, formality, and lack of variety of
modern architecture.

OSCAR NIMEYER
 Brazilian Architect
 “Form follows beauty.”
 “Architecture is invention.”

EERO SAARINEN
“Function influence but does not dictate form”

TWA FLIGHT CENTER

By Eero Saarinen at Queens, New York CityTrans
World Airlines
Bird Concept
SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE SANTIAGO CALATRAVA
 Sydney Australia by Danish Ar. Jorn Utzon  Bridge Architect
 A multi-venue performing arts center one  “I have tried to get close the frontier
of the most between architecture and sculpture
 Famous 20thcentury modern architecture And to understood architecture as
UNESCO WHS an art.”
SATOLAS TGV STATION
THE LOURVE MUSEUM Garede Saint-Exupéry TGV is a railway
PARIS FRANCE –INSPIRED FROM PYRAMID station near Lyon, France, directly attached
I.M. PEI to Lyon-Saint Exupéry Airport.

CENTER POMPIDOU LONDON CITY HALL

Paris, France by Italian Ar. RenzoPiano
It is a complex building that houses a vast public
Library and museum. Utilities are in the outside
And exposed.
TJIBAOU CULTURAL CENTER
Noumea, New Caledonia by Italian Ar. Renzo
Piano namlinguistic and artistic heritage of the
Kanak peopled after Jean Marie Tjibaou, the
leader of the independence movement who was
assassinated in 1989 and who had a vision of
establishing a cultural centre which blended the
linguistic and artistic heritage of the Kanak
people.
Foster and Partners –Green Architecture
ZAHA HADID
“I started trying out to create buildings that
would sparkle like isolated jewels, now I
want them to connect to form a new kind of
landscape, to flow together with
contemporary cities and the lives of their
people.”
VITRA FIRE STATION2004 PRITZKER PRIZE
AWARD Weil am Rhein, Germany

FRANK GEHRY
“Architecture should speak of its time and place
but yearn for timelessness”
“I don’t know why people hire Architects and
then tell them what to do”

10. DECONSTRUCTIVISM ARCHITECTURE

Deconstructivism is a movement of
postmodern architecture which appeared -END OF 20th CENTURY ARCH
in the 1980s, which gives the impression of
the fragmentation of the constructed
building. It is characterized by an absence
of harmony, continuity, or symmetry.

BINOCULARS BUILDING
CHIAT DAY BUILDING
An office building in Los Angeles, California
designed by Frank Gehry