BASIC

CONCEPT OF
IDEOLOGY &
POWER
PRESENTED BY: GROUP 3
 GROUP
MEMBERS
FANANDA LUTFIANA 200302110089
HAJIDAH SAHWA SADIQAH 200302110160
RIMA DWI HASTI OKTAVIANI 200302110164
MUHAMMAD IMAM AKBAR 210302110015
NUNE HARDA ZIKRI 200302110245
REFINA AMELIA 210302110069
www.reallygreatsite.com

Table of Contents
IDEOLOGY
POWER

CLASSICAL FRANKFURT
MARXISM SCHOOL
 POWER
Cultural studies writers generally agree on the centrality of the concept of power to the
discipline. For most cultural studies writers, power is regarded as pervading every level
of social relationships. Power is not simply the glue that holds the social together, or
the coercive force which subordinates one set of people to another, though it certainly
may involve these things. It is also understood in terms of the processes that generate
and enable any form of social action, relationship or order. In this sense, power, while
certainly constraining, is also enabling. Having said that, cultural studies has shown a
specific concern with subordinated groups, at first with class, and later with races,
genders, nations, age groups, etc
 www.reallygreatsite.com

Power
In general, power is interpreted as a desire to be achieved by individuals or groups.
power can be expressed through the legitimacy that society receives from people
who have power.
 Negative
MAJORITY GROUP><
www.reallygreatsite.com
MINORITY GROUP
www.reallygreatsite.com

Positive example
Relationship between
lecturers and students.
 www.reallygreatsite.com

1st Trend
Bennett (Barker, 2004) defines cultural studies as an
interdisciplinary study that combines perspectives, concepts, and
theories from various disciplines to dismantle the relationship
between culture and power.

Bennett, Stuart Hall said that what distinguishes cultural studies

from other disciplines is its attempt to show power in cultural
practices.
 www.reallygreatsite.com

Foucault
says that power is productive and spreads in almost all
power relations. According to him, science cannot be
separated from the regime of power.
CULTURAL STUDIES UIN MAULANA
MALIK IBRAHIM

Understanding Ideology is a collection of ideas or

conceps. The main aim behind ideology is to offer
change through a normative thought process.
Ideology Ideology is an abstract system of thought (not just
the formation of ideas) that is applied to public
matters, thus making this concept the core of
politics. Implicitly every political thought follows an
ideology even though it is not placed as an explicit
system of thinking.
CULTURAL STUDIES UIN MAULANA
MALIK IBRAHIM

The word ideology comes from the Greek "idea" and "logos". idea implies knowing
the mind, seeing with the mind. The word logos means ideas, understanding,
words, and knowledge. So, ideology means a collection of ideas or ideas,
understandings, opinions, or experiences. The word ideology comes from the
Greek "idea" and "logos". idea implies knowing the mind, seeing with the mind.
The word logos means ideas, understanding, words, and knowledge. So,
ideology means a collection of ideas or ideas, understandings, opinions, or
experiences.
CULTURAL STUDIES UIN MAULANA
MALIK IBRAHIM

Ramlan Surbakti suggests that there are two meanings of Ideology, namely Ideology
functionally and Ideology structurally. Ideology is functionally interpreted as a set of ideas
about the common good or about society and the state which are considered the best.

This functional ideology is classified into two types, namely doctrinal ideology and
pragmatic ideology. Ideology is doctrinal when the teachings contained in the Ideology are
systematically formulated, and their implementation is strictly monitored by party or
government officials. An example is communism.

05
CULTURAL STUDIES UIN MAULANA
MALIK IBRAHIM

Whereas a pragmatic ideology, if the teachings contained in the ideology are not
formulated in a systematic and detailed manner, but are formulated in general only the
principles, and the ideology is socialized functionally through family life, the education
system, the economic system, religious life and political system. such as individualism
and liberalism
 CLASSICAL
MARXISM
Ads
 KARL HEINRICH MARX
Born on May 5, 1818, Trier, Rhine
province, Prussia [Germany]—died
March 14, 1883, London, England,
revolutionary, sociologist, historian, and
economist. He published (with Friedrich
Engels) Manifest der Kommunistischen
Partei (1848), commonly known as The
Communist Manifesto, the most
celebrated pamphlet in the history of the
socialist movement. He also was the
author of the movement’s most important
book, Das Kapital. These writings and
others by Marx and Engels form the basis
of the body of thought and belief known
as Marxism.
 MARXISM

Marxism is a difficult and contentious body of work. But it

is also more than this: it is a body of revolutionary theory
with the purpose of changing the world. As Marx (1976b)
famously said: ‘The philosophers have only interpreted the
world, in various ways; the point is to change it’. This makes
Marxist analysis political in a quite specific way. Marxism
insists that all are ultimately political.
 PRODUCTION

Marx argues that each significant period in history is constructed around

a particular ‘mode of production’: that is, the way in which a society is
organized (i.e. slave, feudal, capitalist) to produce the necessaries of life –
food, shelter, etc. In general terms, each mode of production produces:
(i) specific ways of obtaining the necessaries of life;
(ii) specific social relationships between workers and those who control
the mode of production, and
(iii) specific social institutions (including cultural ones).
At the heart of this analysis is the claim that how a society produces its
means of existence (its particular ‘mode of production’) ultimately
determines the political, social and cultural shape of that society and its
possible future development. As Marx explains, ‘The mode of production
of material life conditions the social, political and intellectual life process.
 BASE
This claim is based on certain assumptions about the relationship
between ‘base’ and ‘superstructure’. It is on this relationship – between
‘base’ and ‘superstructure’. The ‘base’ consists of a combination of the
‘forces of production’ and the ‘relations of production’. The forces of
production refer to the raw materials, the tools, the technology, the
workers and their skills, etc. The relations of production refer to the class
relations of those engaged in production. That is, each mode of
production, besides being different, say, in terms of its basis in agrarian
or industrial production, is also different in that it produces particular
relations of production: the slave mode produces master/slave relations;
the feudal mode produces lord/peasant relations; the capitalist mode
produces bourgeois/proletariat relations. It is in this sense that one’s class
position is determined by one’s relationship to the mode of production.
 SUPERSTRUCTURE
The ‘superstructure’ (which develops in conjunction with a specific
mode of production) consists of institutions (political, legal,
educational, cultural, etc.), and ‘definite forms of social consciousness’
(political, religious, ethical, philosophical, aesthetic, cultural, etc.)
generated by these institutions. The relationship between base and
superstructure is twofold. On the one hand, the superstructure both
expresses and legitimates the base. On the other, the base is said to
‘condition’ or ‘determine’ the content and form of the superstructure.
This relationship can be understood in a range of different ways. It can
be seen as a mechanical relationship (‘economic determinism’) of cause
and effect: what happens in the superstructure is a passive reflection of
what is happening in the base.
FRIEDRICH ENGELS
He was born on 28 November 1820 in
Barmen, Jerman.
Engels was of English and German
descent. Friedrich Engels had many
professions during his lifetime. He was
an industrialist, social scientist, writer,
political theoretician, philosopher and
also the father of Marxism.
'The Condition of the Working Classes
in England, 1844'
 FRIEDRICH ENGELS AND
MARXISM THEORY
Friedrich Engels is an exemplary figure. He came from a wealthy
family, but that did not make him arbitrary towards the lower classes.
Instead of becoming a businessman in place of his father, Engels
preferred to take care of the working environment, settlement, health,
and miserable life of the workers; and chose to be pursued by the
police and intel for the sake of the proletarian revolution. This is
where this thought of Marxism emerged. This was triggered by the
resistance of two great world figures, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels,
against the unbalanced capitalist system at that time.
 Marx and Engels identified the existence of two classes: the
bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Throughout history, these two
classes have always existed, such as freemen and slaves, nobles
and plebeians (commoners), masters and slaves, and their
masters and servants.
THE THE
BOURGEOISIE PROLETARIAT

is a special name for to identify low social

capitalists in the classes. The proletariat
is a class that receives
modern economy.
a salary by the first
They own the means
class, that is, the
of production and employer class. They
employ hired work to meet their
workers. daily needs.
Frankfurt School
The Institut für
Socialforschung founded by
the intellectuals of the
University of Frankfurt or later
more popularly known as Cafe
Marx, became the forerunner
of the birth of the Frankfurt
School.

1923
Max Horkheimer Theodor Adorno Herbert Marcuse Erich Fromm
Walter Benjamin Jurgen Habernas Axel Honneth
What the Frankfurt School
of Theory examines:

1. Ideology (application of
Soviet marxism)
2. Positivism
3. Life of modern society
4. Postmodernity
Theodor Adorno

Theodor Adorno has a theory about the

relationship between the environment
and humans.

The term Total negativity

Pop music as a product of the

cultural industry.
 Herbert Marcuse
Herbert Marcuse has a critical theory of
integration between the logic of Marxism and the
logic of Criticism that was pioneered by Immanuel
Kant in the era of the German Enlightenment.

One-dimensionality
Development of a Subversive Majority which can
seek true truth for itself.
Thank you!