KAMDAR COLLEGE OF NURSING RAJKOT
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
1 NAME OF THE CANDIDATE WITH
ADRESS
2 NAME OF THE INSTITUTE
3 NAME OF UNIVERSITY
4 COURSE OF THE STUDY AND
SUBJECT
5 TITLE OF THE STUDY
SAGTHIYA HETAL C.
KAMDAR COLLEGE OF
NURSING RAJKOT
DIST: RAJKOT
KAMDAR COLLEGE OF
NURSING RAJKOT
SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN
NURSING
MEDICAL SURGICAL
NURSING
“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF
PLANNED TEACHING
PROGRAMME IN TERM OF
KNOWLEDGE REGARDING
CERVICAL CANCER AMONG
FEMALE STUDENTS OF
SELECTED NURSING
COLLEGES OF RAJKOT
DISTRICT”
 CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Virus is the only species on the earth with whom We

have to fight a long way…….

Cervical cancer is a disease in which the cells of the cervix become

abnormal and start to grow uncontrollably, forming tumors. Cervical cancer is
the second commonest female malignancy after breast cancer; however the
incidence is falling in countries that have introduced effective screening
programs.
Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women in
developing countries (Wright & Kuhn, 2012).According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), in 2008 there were 529,000 new cases of cervical cancer,
and more than 270,000 women die each year, 85% of them from developing
countries (WHO, 2011). Reported annually (WHO/ICO) information center on
HPV and cervical cancer HPV and cervical cancer statistics in India. About
86% of the cervical cancer cases occur in developing countries which represent
13% of all female centers on HPV and cervical cancer.
Dr. George papanicolaou’s screening method (the Pap smear) started in
US 1940. It is widely used in the UK a decade later and a national programme
of cervical screening was established in 1988.
Cervical cancer is preventable and often curable if the right
interventions are made available to those who are at risk or develop cervical
cancer. Studies indicate that preventive strategies to reduce cervical cancer
incidence should focus on preventing risk factors.
Screening and education about screening programs therefore play a
vital role in cervical cancer prevention. The successful decrease
in the mortality from this disease in developed countries is attributable to effective
screening and treatment (sankaranarayanan, Budukh&Rajkumar, 2001). However,
in developing countries, the disease continues to cause thousands of premature
deaths among women.
High profile case of cervical cancer in the media led to a higher uptake of
screening in 2008-2009.The HPV vaccination is introduced in 2006.
The incidence of cervical cancer is twice as high in the developing world
than in the developed world, and mortality is three times as higher.
Incidence rate in developing countries in 17.7% and in the developed
countries in 9.1%.The mortality rate of the developing countries is 9.7% and in the
developed countries is 3.1% rate per 100,000 women.
1, 34, 00,000 women diagnosed every year and 72,000 deaths per year in
India.In year 2012 the incidence rate is 22.9% in India.
One out of every 5 women in the world suffering from disease belongs to
India. It is estimated that there were 1, 12,609 new cervical cancer in 2004 and this
number is expected to rise 1, 39,864 in 2015 cervical cancer. About 7.9% of
women in the general population are estimated to harbor cervical HPV infection at
a given time, and 82.5% of invasive cervical cancers are attributed to HPVs. 1.3
lakh new cases of cervical cancer are reported every year, in India.
 Figure 1.1 Percentage of death according to different age year is shown
below bar chart.

The cervix is the lower third portion of the uterus (womb). It serves as a
neck to connect the uterus to the vagina.
Cervical cancer develops in the thin layer of cells called epithelium, which
cover the cervix cells found in this tissue have different shapes.
1. Squamous cell carcinoma (80-90%) Squamous cell (flat
and scaly).
2. Adenocarcinomas (10-20%) glandular epithelium
3. Mixed carcinomas
1.2 NEED OF THE STUDY

This requires a better educative programme for these professionals in order to

reduce the myths and fear about cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer is the second commonest female malignancy after breast cancer in
worldwide, it is essential to bring awareness regarding cervical cancer and its effects (as a
girl). Every girl should be necessary to know about knowledge of cervical cancer and
how to prevent the cervical cancer.

The need or the study because by the study of detection and prevention of cervical
cancer prevent the mortality and morbidity rate are decrease.

1, 34, 00,000 women diagnosed every year and 72,000 deaths per year in India. In
year 2012 the incidence rate is 22.9% in India.

1.3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

“A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme in Term of

Knowledge regarding cervical cancer among

Female Students of selected selected

Nursing colleges of rajkot district”

1.4 OBGECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To assess existing knowledge regarding cervical cancer among the Nursing

college girls before planned teaching programme.
2. To assess effectiveness of plan teaching about cervical cancer among the
Nursing college girls.
1.5 HYPOTHESES

H1: The mean post- test knowledge score of college girls attending plan teaching
programme on cervical cancer will be significantly higher than their mean pre-
test knowledge score determined by structured questionnaire.

1.6 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

1. Assess-It refers to the appraisal of knowledge score of college girls attending planned
teaching programme regarding cervical cancer.

2. Effectiveness-It refers to the improvement in knowledge score after the planned

teaching as evident of increase in the post test score.

3. Planned teaching programme–It refers to systematically organized teaching strategy

on cause, spread,prevention,complication and the management of cervical cancer for
selective college girls.

4. Knowledge - It refers to the response of female college students to the questionnaire

regarding risk factor, signs and symptoms, early diagnosis and prevention of cervical
cancer.

5. Cervical cancer – It refers to the disease in which the cells of the cervix become
abnormal and start to grow uncontrollably, forming tumors.

6. College girls – It refers to a female student at a coeducational college or university

1.7 DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

 This study is delimited to the selected colleges of Rajkot District.

 This study delimited to the second year student of the selected colleges of
Rajkot District.
 The study is delimited to under-graduate(UG) college girls of the selected
colleges of Rajkot District.
 Cost and time factors considered to delimit to selected college girls of Rajkot
District..
 The study is delimited for each 30 students of each selective college in Rajkot
District.