Advanced CFD

Applied Fluid
Mechanics
How to distinguish if the force causes the same deformation?
The inability of fluids to resist shear forces leads to the conclusion that:
In most cases, the plastic deformation of a solid cannot be considered as
a fluid, and the fluid does not have an elastic limit.
Small Deformation----Solid
Frequent Periodical Deformation----Acoustic-Structure Interaction
Large Deformation----Fluid-Solid Interaction
Deformation
Rotation
If the problem is 2D…
More general expression:
• Equation based on
Newton’s second law.
• Supplements the effect
of shear stress.
• Added the expression
form of acceleration.
Steady Flow: The fluid velocity does not change with time.
Incompressible Flow: The fluid density does not change with time.
What variable will determine whether a fluid is compressible?
If the density is constant
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣
+ =0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
Navier-Stokes Equation
 High Velocity
Low Viscosity
Inviscid Assumption

Euler Equation

Low Velocity
High Viscosity
Creeping Assumption

Stokes Equation
Convection is the movement of particles through a
substance, transporting their heat energy from hotter areas
to cooler areas.
Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of
high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Source is a direct addition to the transport equation,
adding the concentration over time to the volume.
𝐽 that represents flux
High concentration to concentration low shows negative gradient:
 General Transport Equation

The Transport equation describes how a scalar quantity is

transported within a fluid and applies to many scalars, including
passive scalars, temperature and even momentum by component.