CAIRO UNIVERSITY FLUID MECHANICS II

Faculty of Engineering 3rd Year Petroleum Eng.

Irrigation & Hydraulics Department 2020-2021

Assignment No. 1

1. A and B are two points, 10 m apart, along a small inclined pipe of diameter 10mm.
The pressures at A, B are 200 Kpa & 300 Kpa, respectively, while A being 5 m
higher than B. If a fluid of specific weight 8000 N/m3, and viscosity 0.04 Kg/m.s is
flowing in the pipe, find the direction and rate of flow, and the head lost per meter of
pipe.

2. Estimate the size of a uniform horizontal welded steel pipe conveying 500 l/s of
water at 10°C. The allowable pressure loss is 5 m/km of pipe length.

3. Water flows in a new horizontal cast iron pipe 30 cm in diameter. A leakage in the
pipeline is noted. A pair of pressure gauges located upstream of the leak indicate a
pressure drop of 23,000 N/m2. Another pair of gauges downstream of the leak
record a pressure drop of 21,000 N/m2. If the distance between the gauges in each
pair is 100m, determine the magnitude of the leak.

4. Two reservoirs are connected by a 600 m long, 30 cm diameter pipe (f = 0.03). The
flow produced by the difference in water levels is 170 lit/sec. If a new pipe 200 m
long, 30 cm diameter (f = 0.02) is laid parallel to an equal length of the old pipe,
determine the new discharge. If it is required to double the original discharge,
calculate the required length of the new pipe.

5. A pipeline of 0.6m diameter and 8.0 km long has a 10 m difference in heads

between its ends. Find the rate of flow of water ( ν = 1.3 x 10-6 m2/s, ks = 6 mm). It
is desired to increase the flow rate by 50%, either by installing a new pipe of the
same diameter and friction coefficient parallel to the old one but with length (L). or
by installing a pump of efficiency 80%. Which alternative would be preferable if the
pipe costs $ 70.0 per meter, and the pump costs $ 500 per horsepower.

6. Three reservoirs are connected together by three pipes as shown in the

figure below. The water surface elevations of the highest, middle, and the
lowest reservoirs are 100m, 85m, and 60m, respectively. An external
demand is located at the common junction (j) of the pipes:
a. What is the discharge in each pipe and what are the feeder tanks for the
following cases:
i. There is no demand at the junction (j).
ii. Qj = 0.02 m3/sec
iii. Qj = 0.1 m3 /sec
b. Sketch the T.E.L on the drawing for each of the above cases in (a).
c. Explain what will happen if the elevation of junction (j) is lowered by
10m?

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FLUID MECHANICS II
Faculty of Engineering 3rd Year Petroleum Eng.
Irrigation & Hydraulics Department 2020-2021

(100 m)

A (85 m)
D = 0.25m
L = 1500m
D = 0.3m
B
f = 0.02
L = 2000m j
f = 0.02

Qj (m3/sec)

(60 m)
D = 0.25m
L = 3000m
C
f = 0.02

7. In the following figure, the two reservoirs (A) and (B) with difference in
water level elevation (H=10m) are connected with a pipeline 1000m long,
250mm diameter (f=0.0175). If the valve C of the same diameter as the
pipes is connected at midpoint of the pipe to feed water on demand for
irrigation purposes.
a. If the valve at C is fully closed, find the flow rate from A to B. Neglect
all local losses.
b. In case of low demand, the valve at C is only 30% open. Find the flow
rates in all pipes and the discharge flowing from each tank if the valve
loss coefficient is Kv=100. Neglect all other local losses.
c. In case of high demand, the valve a C is fully opened. Find the flow
rates in all pipes and the discharge flowing from each tank if the valve
loss coefficient is Kv=0.7. Neglect all other local losses.

(100.0)
10m
A
(85.0)

B
C

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CAIRO UNIVERSITY FLUID MECHANICS II
Faculty of Engineering 3rd Year Petroleum Eng.
Irrigation & Hydraulics Department 2020-2021

8. Water flows from the tank shown into a horizontal pipeline of constant
diameter d=300mm and friction coefficient f=0.03. The pipeline consists of
two equal reaches each of length L1=L2=200m but the second reach pipe is
perforated.
Knowing that the pump used provides head of Hp=10m and the discharge at
the end of the perforated pipe is zero, calculate:
a. The Value of Q flowing into the system. (neglect minor losses)
b. The Slope of T.E.L after 50m in the perforated pipe.
c. Draw a neat sketch of both the T.E.L and H.G.L of the system. (consider
all losses)

+ (10.00)

Q Q2
P (0.00)

Q1
Reach 1 Reach 2

9. A water main is 100 mm diameter and 4.8 km long. Supplies, that are
arranged along the water main, uniformly draw a discharge q of 7.5 lit/hr per
meter of its length. Calculate the difference in head between the pipe entrance
and the last point of supply. Take f = 0.02.

10. In the figure below, water leaves the reservoir into pipe (C) and then
branches through a smooth junction (J) into two pipes (A) and (B) of equal
diameter and length. Both pipes discharges freely to the air but pipe (A)
discharges 6.0m higher than pipe (B) which discharges 12 m lower than the
water level in the reservoir. Pipe (B) is perforated in a way that it discharges
to the air the same discharge lost along its length. A control valve is placed at
the end of pipe (B) to control its discharge such that:
Q
QB  A
2
If the friction coefficient f is taken 0.02 for all pipes, find considering all
losses (except inlet and junction losses):

a. Sketch the TEL along the streamline of water from the reservoir till the
junction end of pipe (A).
b. The water discharge flowing into the system.
c. The elevation of the pipe centreline at the junction (J) such that its
pressure head doesn't exceed 6.0m
d. The head losses through the valve and the valve loss coefficient.

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 CAIRO UNIVERSITY FLUID MECHANICS II
Faculty of Engineering 3rd Year Petroleum Eng.
Irrigation & Hydraulics Department 2020-2021

+ (12.00)

Pipe (A) QA +(6.00)

Pipe (C) LA = 300m
LC = 300m DC = 0.20m
QC DC = 0.30m
(J) Control
Valve

QB (0.00)
Pipe (B)
LB = 300m QB
DB = 0.20m

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