Energy Environment and Sustainability

1st Edition Moaveni Solutions Manual

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 Chapter 6

6.4. How many gallons of gasoline would be saved during the next 10 years if a driver were
to change her existing car with a 25-mpg fuel efficiency to a more efficient car with an
average fuel economy of 40 mpg? Assume she drives her car about 12,000 miles per
year.

SOLUTION

 10 years = 1,800 gallons

12,000 miles 12,000 miles
-
25 miles 40 miles
1 gallon 1 gallon

6.5. Perform a sensitivity cost saving analysis for Problem 6.4. See Example 6.10.

SOLUTION

Gasoline cost Savings

(in dollars) (in dollars)
2.00 3,600.00
2.25 4,050.00
2.50 4,500.00
2.75 4,950.00
3.00 5,400.00
3.25 5,850.00
3.50 6,300.00
3.75 6,750.00
4.00 7,200.00

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© 2018 Cengage Learning®. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
6.6. How much energy in Btu would be saved during the next five years if a household were
to reduce its annual electricity consumption rates from 10,000 kWh to 7,000 kWh?
Perform a sensitivity cost saving analysis, assuming the electric utility company could
charge between 10 to 20 cents per kWh. Use increments of 2-cent change for your
analysis.

SOLUTION

kWh
Energy saving = 5 years10,000 ⎼ 7,000   = 15,000 kWh
year

= 15,000×103  Wh  h  = 51.2×106 Btu

Btu
3.4123
W

Electricity cost Savings

(in dollars/kWh) (in dollars)
0.10 1,500.00
0.12 1,800.00
0.14 2,100.00
0.16 2,400.00
0.18 2,700.00
0.20 3,000.00

6.7. As shown in Figure 6.1, in 2011, petroleum provided 34% of the world's energy
consumption of 519 quadrillion Btu. Assuming petroleum has an average energy content
of 130,000 Btu/gallon, how many barrels of petroleum were consumed? Also express
your answer in gallons.

SOLUTION

519×1015 Btu
amount of petroleum consumed = 3 = 3.99×1012 gallons
130×10 Btu
gallon

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© 2018 Cengage Learning®. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 4×1012 gallons
= = 9.50×1010 barrels
42 gallons
1 barrel

6.8. How many gallons of gasoline are consumed annually on average by a 25-year-old male
driver if he drives a car with a fuel economy of 20 mpg?

SOLUTION

From Example 6.8, a 25-year old male would drive 17,976 miles on average.

17,976 miles
= 898.8 gallons
20 miles
gallon

6.9. Assume the annual heating energy consumption of a house is 122 million Btu. How many
cubic feet of natural gas does it take to keep the house warm during the cold months?

SOLUTION

Assuming 100% efficiency,

Btu
122 ×106 year
Amount of natural gas required = = 122,000 ft3 /year
1,000 Btu
1 ft3

6.10. The annual heating energy consumption of a house located in the northeastern part of the
United States is 140 million Btu. How many gallons of fuel oil does it take to keep the
house warm during the cold months?

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© 2018 Cengage Learning®. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
SOLUTION

Assuming 100% efficiency,

Btu
140 ×106
year
Amount of fuel oil required = = 1,007 gallons/year
139,000 Btu
1 gallon

6.11. The annual electricity consumption of a household is 9,800 kWh. How many pounds of
coal must be burned in a power plant to address this need? Assume a combined overall
efficiency of 30% for the power plant and the transmission lines.

SOLUTION

First we convert kWh to Btu/h.

9,800 kWh/year = 9,800×10    = 3.344×107 Btu/year

Btu
Wh 3.4123 h 3
year W

3.344×107 Btu/year
10,000 Btu
1 pound
Amount of coal required =
0.3

3,344 pounds/year
= = 11,147 pounds/year
0.3

6.12. In a recent year, California consumed 41 million gallons/day of gasoline. How many Btu
of energy were consumed each day? What is California’s gasoline consumption per
capita? Assume an approximate population of 37 million.

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© 2018 Cengage Learning®. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
SOLUTION

Assuming the average energy content of gasoline = 124,000 Btu/gallon,

The energy consumed by 41 million gallons/day

= 41 ×106 gallon/day   = 5.08×1012 Btu/day

124,000 Btu
gallon

41 ×106 gallon/day

Gasoline consumption per capita per day in California

37 ×106  people

= = 1.11 gallons/person·day

6.13. In a recent year, 23 trillion ft3 of natural gas was delivered to 70 million customers in the
United States. How many rooms with dimensions of 15 ft x 15 ft x 10 ft could be filled
with 23 trillion ft3? This problem is intended to give you a visual image of how much
natural gas we consume.

SOLUTION

23×1012 ft3
15×15×10 ft
number of rooms = 3 = 10.2 ×109 = 10.2 billion rooms

6.14. In 2010, United States coal mines produced 1,805.3 million tons of coal. What was the
coal consumption per capita for the United States? Assume an approximate population of
308 million for that year.

SOLUTION

1,805.3×106 tons
coal consumption per capita = = 5.86 tons per capita
308×106 people

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6.15. In the United States, wood and wood waste could account for 2% of energy use. How
many Btus of energy are generated from wood and wood waste? State your assumptions.

SOLUTION

According to Figure 6.8, 98.3 quadrillion Btu was consumed by major sectors in the
U.S. in 2014. Therefore, about 2 quadrillion Btu (2% of 98.3 quadrillion Btu) was
generated from wood and wood waste.

6.20. In a recent year, the United States consumed 29,000,000,000,000 kWh of energy. Express
this value in MWh, GWh, TWh, and PWh. See Table 2.2 for the list of decimal multiples
and prefixes used with SI base units.

SOLUTION

29,000,000,000,000 kWh
= 29,000,000,000 MWh = 29,000,000 GWh = 29,000 TWh = 29 PWh

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