Sections: 5.7&5.

8: Inverse Trigonometric Functions: Differentiation and Integration

5.7.1: Definitions

Theorem:

If A function f is:

1) continuous and
2) strictly increasing or decreasing from [a, b] to its range R=f([a,b])

Then: f has an inverse that is defined from R to [a,b].

Note: R = range of f={f(x)/ x is in [a, b]}

Example: f ( x)  x 2
1) Find its domain and range R
2) Find where f(x) is strictly increasing
3) Find the domain and range of its inverse

Solution:

1) Df  {x / f ( x)  x2  is  defined}  IR

Range  R  { f ( x)  x 2 / x  IR}  IR 
f : IR  IR 
2) f ( x)  x 2  f '( x)  2 x
Then, if x > 0, f’(x)>0. Then, f is strictly increasing for x>0.

Then: f has an inverse from IR  IR  .

to

3) Its inverse is the function g defined from IR to IR  by:
1
g ( x)  f ( x)  x
g ( f ( x ))  g ( x 2 )  x 2  x  x, x 0
We are going to use this theorem to define the inverse of all the trigonometric
functions:

Example 1: Let f(x) = sin(x).

From this graph, we see that:

   
f ( x )  sin( x) :  ,    1,1
 2 2
x  sin( x)  y
f is strictly increasing and continuous, then it has an inverse called arcsine(y) that is
defined from

   
f 1
( y )  arc sin( y ) :  1,1   , 
 2 2
Note: The graph of arc sin( y ) is the symmetric of the graph of sin(x) with
respect to the diagonal. See the Figure above.
5.7.2: Differentiation of the Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Examples:
5.8: Integration of the Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Hint: Just remember the rules of derivatives and get the rules of integration

Then:

1
 dx   arcsin( x) a  arcsin(b)  arcsin(a )
b b
a
1  x2
1
 dx   arccos( x) a  arccos(b)  arccos(a )
b b
a
1  x2
Homework: Do all the examples of section 5.7_5.8

End-Of-Section_5.7_5.8