Key equations
Large flocks of birds, like starlings, can move in highly Variables
Objective and motivation?
Murmuration refers to the phenomenon of a large group of
birds flying in an intricately coordinated manner, often
creating mesmerizing and beautiful patterns in the sky. While
it may appear to be a purely natural spectacle, scientists have
been fascinated by the underlying mathematical principles
that govern this behaviour. Through mathematical reasoning
and modelling, we can better understand why birds engage
in murmuration, how they are able to navigate through the
air in such an intricate manner, and the advantages that this
behaviour provides to the birds.
Assumptions
1.Birds fly in Murmuration only for protection from
predators: While it is true that one of the main reasons birds
fly in Murmuration is to protect themselves from predators,
there are other reasons as well. For example, they may also
fly together in order to find food, or to roost together at
night.
2. Murmuration are only performed by certain bird species:
Although some bird species are more well-known for their
Murmuration, such as starlings and blackbirds, many other
bird species also perform this behaviour.
3. Murmuration are always performed in the same way:
While there are certain patterns that are often seen in
Murmuration , such as the shape of a tornado or a blob, the
exact shape and movements can vary greatly depending on
the situation and the group of birds.
synchronised and coordinated ways during a
phenomena called murmuration. Murmuration cannot
be explained by a single equation, but it can be
comprehended by combining ideas from physics,
biology, and mathematics. The self-propelled particle
model, commonly known as the Boid's model, has
been suggested as one of many hypotheses to explain
this phenomenon.
Here are some key equations and concepts
involved in understanding Murmuration:
1. Boid’s model: This model, proposed by Craig
Reynolds in 1986, defines three basic rules
governing the behaviour of individual birds (or
"boid’s") in a flock:
Separation: Avoid crowding nearby boids
Conclusion
These concepts and equations can be combined to create a more
comprehensive model of Murmuration. However, it is worth
noting that the phenomenon is still not fully understood, and
Alignment: Steer towards the average
research continues to uncover new insights into the complex
heading of nearby boids.
interactions among birds in a flock.
Cohesion: Steer towards the average
position of nearby boids.
References
(This explains the Boid’s concept)
https://vanhunteradams.com/Pico/
Animal_Movement/Boids-
algorithm.html