THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF DISASTER:

1. Physical perspective
 Calamities are phenomena that cause great physical damage in community
infrastructure, its people and their properties, e.g. houses and environmental
sources of living. These cited effects of a disaster can be easily measured and
the most common.
2. Psychological Perspective
 Victims of disasters may suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
and other serious mental health conditions, which are not being given much
attention to by the authorities or even by the victims, themselves.
3. Socio – cultural Perspective
 Most Filipino families would rely on government’s help for them to get by.
However, limited resources and aids from the government make people find
possible ways to survive amid the pandemic.
4. Economic Perspective
 Disasters affect the economic condition of a community because they reduce
local and international trade. It can also partially or totally paralyze a country’s
transportation system.
5. Political Perspective
 Natural disasters are commonly thought to be less politically argumentative
than armed conflicts, yet a closer look shows that both the effects of a natural
disaster and the resulting distribution of humanitarian aid are profoundly linked
to politics.
6. Biological Perspective
 The disturbing effects caused by a prevalent kind of disease or virus in an
epidemic or pandemic level is known as biological disaster.
(a) Epidemic Level: Biological disaster affects large numbers of people within
a given community or area. Ex: Dengue.
(b) Pandemic Level: Biological disaster affects a much large region, sometime
spanning entire continents or the globe

HAZARDS CAN BE CATEGORIZED IN DIFFERENT TYPES:

1. Natural hazards - arise from natural processes in the environment.
2. Quasi-natural hazards- arise through the interaction of natural processes and
human activities
3. Technological (or man-made) hazards- These arise directly as a result of
human activities.
THE DIFFERENT IMPACT OF HAZARDS:
1. Physical impact
2. Psychological impact
3. Socio- cultural impact
4. Economic impact
5. Environmental impact
6. Biological impact
IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS AND RISK ASSESSMENT
 Hazard identification - is the process of determining all physical and
nonphysical agents in the workplace or specific environment.
 Risk assessment - is a way to determine which hazards and risks should be
prioritized by taking into consideration the probability and severity of impact.
 Below are the steps in hazard identification and risk assessment.
1. Identify the hazards
2. Assess the risk
3. Make the changes
4. Checking the changes made
WHAT ARE EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS?
 Earthquake Hazards refer to earthquake agents which have the potential
to
cause harm to vulnerable targets
 The effects of an earthquake can be classified as primary or secondary.
• Primary effects are permanent features an earthquake can bring out.
• Secondary effects happen when ground movement results to other
types of destruction.
WHAT ARE THE NATURAL SIGNS OF AN IMPENDING
TSUNAMI?
1. Feel an earthquake. Severe ground shaking from local earthquakes may
cause tsunamis. However, an earthquake may not be felt if the event is far
away.
2. See ocean water disappear from beach, bay, river. Water may recede from
the coast, exposing the ocean floor, reefs and fish before returning as a fast-
moving wall of water (tsunami). This is called “drawback.” Drawback can
exceed hundreds of meters exposing normally submerged areas.
3. Hear an unusual roaring sound. Abnormal ocean activity, a wall of water,
and an approaching tsunami can create a loud "roaring" sound similar to that
of a train or jet aircraft.

Volcanic hazards are observable facts that are arising due to volcanic activity such
as eruption. Volcanic eruption is one of the dangerous event that may happen
because it results to different hazards such as: Ballistic projectiles, Ash fall,
Pyroclastic flows, Lava flows, Volcanic gases, Debris Avalanche or Volcanic
landslide and even Tsunami.