SEMINAR REPORT

Submitted to the State Board of Technical Education, Kerala

in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the

Diploma in Mechanical engineering

DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Done by,

ADHVAITH P.C - Reg No: 2101022534

ON

GREEN CONCRETE

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SREE RAMA GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
THRIPRAYAR, P.O VALAPAD, THRISSUR DIST,
KERALA – 680567
2022-2023

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 SREERAMA GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE THRIPRAYAR,
THRISSUR DIST- 680567 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING

This is to certify that the Seminar report presented by ADHVAITH P.C bearing
Registration No 210122534 has been completed successfully for the partial
fulfilment of the requirements of Diploma in mechanical Engineering from Sree
Rama Government Polytechnic College, Triprayar.

STAFF IN CHARGE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

PLACE: THRIPRAYAR
DATE:

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, we would like to express our sincere gratitude and thanks to God
almighty whose blessing and grace always been there with us for the successful
completion of our project with great enthusiasm and pleasure that we bringing out
this mini project.

First and foremost, we thank God almighty for all his blessings he showered
on us. We express our sincere thanks to Principal Mr. BABURAJAN T S. A. A,
Sree Rama Govt. Polytechnic College, Thriprayar.

We would also like to express our sincere thanks to our Head of the
Department Mr.JESBIN K.S, Department of Mechanical Engineering for the
successful completion of this seminar.

We express our sincere gratitude to MR.SALOOP T.S, for his cooperation

and guidance for preparing & presenting this seminar.

Last but not the least thankful to all members of mechanical department for
providing their valuable support in this project. We also express thanks to parents
and all friends who give us extreme support for completion of this seminar

ADHVAITH P.C - Reg No: 2101022534

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 ABSTRACT

this seminar report delves into the innovative ideas of green

concrete, exploring transformative technologies such as carbon
cure and solidia. In these technologies we will talk about the methods used by the
carbon cure and solidia. How can we reduce carbon emission and potentially be
carbon negative. We also talk about the effects of carbon dioxide. How much carbon
dioxide is produced throughout the year and how these technologies can reduce
carbon emission.

Signature of the student

Name: ADHVAITH P.C

Registration no: 2101022534

semester: 5

branch: mechanical

date:

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 CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE
NO

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3

ABSTRACT 4

CONTENTS 5-6

CHAPTE TITLE PAGE

R NO NO
1 INTRODUCTION 7

2 CARBON EMISSION 8-9

3 CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS 10-11

4 CARBON CURE TECHNOLOGIES 12-13

5 ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF 14

CARBON CURE TECHNOLOGY

6 SOLIDIA’S TECHNOLOGIES 15

7 ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF 16

SOLIDIA’S TECHNOLOGIES

8 APPLICATION OF GREEN CONCRETE 17

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 CHAPTE TITLE PAGE
R NO NO
9 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF 18
THIS TECHNOLOGY

10 CONCLUSION 19

11 REFERENCE 20

LIST OF TABLE AND FIGURES

figure 1.total global carbon emission..............................................................8

figure 2.chemical reaction taking place in kiln...............................................10

figure 3.concrete production diagram.............................................................11

figure 4.co2 tank and valve box .....................................................................12

figure 5.injection of co2 in concrete mixer......................................................13

figure 6.curing chamber...................................................................................15

table 1.co2 emission by different country .......................................................9

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A key innovation in the always changing world of building materials is green concrete, which is
the result of the paradigm shift towards sustainability. This seminar report explores solidia and
carbon cure, two innovative technologies, in an investigation of an environmentally responsible
option. Concrete produces 8% of total global emissions to combat this emission. We should use
this technology’s basically these technology is injecting carbon dioxide during the curing process
instead of water that reduces the reaction time from more than a week to only 24 hours. The
injected co2 is then trapped in the final solid product resulting in a claimed net overall co2
emission reduction of up 70%. or we can reduce carbon emission by simply taking a pressurized
tanks of co2 to concrete mixer and simply inject it into the ready-mix material. that’s essentially
the carbon cure technology and we also talking about the process of making concrete and there
this co2 is produced during the production of concrete.

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 CHAPTER 2

CARBON EMISSION

Carbon emissions are a major concern for our planet. Concrete production is a significant
contributor, as it involves the release of carbon dioxide during the manufacturing process. The
primary culprit is the chemical transformation of limestone into clinker

fig(1)
from fig (1) we can observe different percentage of total global carbon emission in different
sectors and concrete produces 8% of global emission the traditional manufacturing of concrete
produces 1 ton of carbon dioxide per 1ton of concrete production

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 YEARS CHINA INDIA INDONESIA IRAN
(MMT) (MMT) (MMT) (MMT)
2021 853 149 28.6 22.5
2020 858 122.9 28 23.9
2005 411 59.7 18 11.3
1990 84 22.3 7.7 6.1
MMT:- million metric tons
Table(1)
table (1) shows the emission of carbon dioxide from concrete production. India and china is the
leading carbon emitter in 2021 India produced 149 million metric tons of carbon and china
produced 853 million metric tons of carbon that year. Cement is the second most consumed
product on earth beaten only by water

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 CHAPTER 3

CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS

the first step of manufacturing cement is to grind up limestone, otherwise known as calcium
carbonate, with additional materials like clay, slate, silica sand and iron ore and throw it all into a
massive rotating kiln at a temperature of 1500 degrees celsius. The kiln is tilted at an angle and as
the mixture goes from the higher end to the lower end various elements are driven out to form a
new substance at the bottom called clinker, which comes out of the kiln as little gray balls about
the size of marbles. A small amount of gypsum and lime stone is added in to the marbles and then
they all get ground up into the fine powder that we know as portland cement. The chemical
reaction for the process is shown in fig(2)

fig(2)

from this reaction carbon dioxide is the main out put from this process more the 40% of carbon
dioxide is formed in the entire manufacturing of cement and also to get the high temperature
required by the kilns large amount of fossil fuels like powdered coal are often used, which results
in even more amount of co2 emission.

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 Fig(3)

then this cement is mixed with (10%) water,(50%) gravel,(25%)sand in a concrete mixer and we
get ready-mix concrete then this concrete is used to build roads, walls, floors, driveways,
footpaths etc...

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 CHAPTER 4

CARBON CURE TECHNOLOGIES

carbon cure technologies is a kind of technologies we simply taking co2 gas in pressurized tank
and inject it into the concrete mixture. Carbon cure technology is developed by a canadian
company founded in 2007. they source their co2 from industrial emitters, purifying it and then
distributing it to concrete sites in pressurized tanks that can be regularly refilled, as it’s injected
into the fresh concrete a mineralization process embeds it permanently. The additional co2 in the
mix has the handy benefit of increasing the compressive strength. Of the concrete
carbon cure claim that 17 kilograms of co2 can be saved for every cubic meter of concrete
produced and from this technologies we can remove around 500 million tons of co2 per year from
the exhaust stacks of industrial polluters. That is same as removing 100 million cars from our
roads.

fig(4)

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fig(5)

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 CHAPTER 5

ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF

CARBON CURE TECHNOLOGY

ADVANTAGES OF CARBON CURE TECHNOLOGY:

*Carbon Emission Reduction: Mitigates environmental impact by utilizing CO2 in curing,

reducing overall carbon footprint.

*Strength Enhancement: Can contribute to improved concrete strength over time, enhancing
structural performance.

*Sustainability: Aligns with sustainable construction practices by repurposing a greenhouse gas.

DISADVANTAGES OF CARBON CURE TECHNOLOGY:

8Initial Cost: Implementation may involve higher initial expenses for equipment and technology
adoption.

*CO2 Supply Dependency: Relies on a consistent and available supply of CO2, which may pose
logistical challenges.

*Market Adoption: Limited market acceptance and awareness may hinder widespread adoption in
the construction industry.

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 CHAPTER 6

SOLIDIA’S TECHNOLOGIES

this technology developed by company called solidia based in new jersey founded in
2008.Solidia’s technology produce cement in a traditional kilns but with a 50:50 ratio of limestone
to sand instead of two-thirds to one-third. That means the reaction can run at a mush lower
temperature which reduces energy use by about 30% and reduce carbon emission by up to 40%.
this process is done during the curing process carbon dioxide is injected into the mix
instead of water that reduces reaction time from over a week to only 24 hours. The injected co2 is
then trapped in the final solid product resulting in a claimed net overall co2 emissions reduction of
up to 70%. the biggest limitation of this technology right now is that it can only be produced in a
factory environment to make blocks of cast concrete. It is good for paving slabs and breeze blocks
but it is not good for ready-mix pourable concrete which currently makes up almost 75% of all
concrete use globally. Solidia claims they in future will development of ready-mix version very
soon.

fig(6)

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 CHAPTER 7

ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF

SOLIDIA’S TECHNOLOGIES

ADVANTAGES OF SOLIDIA TECHNOLOGY:

1.Reduced Carbon Emissions: Solidia technology lowers carbon emissions by using lower
temperatures and absorbing CO2 during curing.
2.Faster Curing Times: It enables quicker curing compared to traditional methods, potentially
speeding up construction processes.
3.Versatile Raw Materials: Solidia can utilize various raw materials, providing flexibility in
sourcing and potentially reducing environmental impact.

DISADVANTAGES OF SOLIDIA TECHNOLOGY:

1.Industry Adoption Challenges: Widespread acceptance in the construction industry may pose a
hurdle for Solidia technology.
2.Cost Implications: There could be initial cost considerations compared to traditional concrete
production methods.
3.Validation of Long-Term Performance: Long-term durability and performance may require
further validation through extended real-world applications to build confidence in the technology.

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 CHAPTER 8

APPLICATION OF GREEN CONCRETE

CARBON CURE TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS:

1)Ready-Mix Concrete: Carbon Cure can be applied in ready-mix concrete, reducing carbon
emissions in standard concrete used in construction projects.

2)Precast Concrete: It's suitable for precast concrete production, offering a sustainable option for
various building components like beams, panels, and blocks.

SOLIDIA TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS:

1)Pavement Construction: Solidia concrete can be used in the construction of pavements,

providing a durable and eco-friendly alternative.

2)Building Blocks and Panels: Solidia is applicable for manufacturing construction blocks and
panels, contributing to sustainable building practices.

3)Infrastructure Projects: It can be employed in various infrastructure projects such as bridges and
tunnels, offering a greener option for large-scale construction.

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 CHAPTER 9

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF
THIS TECHNOLOGY

REDUCED CARBON EMISSIONS: Both technologies significantly lower carbon emissions in

concrete production, helping to combat climate change by minimizing the industry's
environmental impact.

CARBON SEQUESTRATION: Solidia technology actively captures and sequesters CO2 during
the curing process, contributing to carbon capture and storage efforts.

RESOURCE EFFICIENCY: Carbon Cure and Solidia technologies often use recycled materials or
alternative raw materials, promoting resource efficiency and reducing the reliance on traditional,
resource-intensive components.

ENERGY SAVINGS: The lower curing temperatures employed by these technologies result in
energy savings compared to conventional concrete production methods, further reducing the
environmental footprint.

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 CHAPTER 10

CONCLUSION

Carbon Cure and Solidia technologies present promising solutions for reducing the environmental
impact of concrete production. With their ability to lower carbon emissions, actively capture CO2,
and promote resource efficiency, these technologies contribute to more sustainable practices in the
construction industry. While challenges like adoption of technology and initial costs exist, the
potential long-term benefits, including mitigating climate change and promoting greener
construction methods, underscore the importance of further research and integration of these
innovations into mainstream construction practices.

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 CHAPTER 11

REFERENCE

Carbon Emission by Concrete:

1. Smith, I. M., & Mindess, S. (2017). "Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials."
McGraw-Hill Education.
2. World Green Building Council. (2019). "Embodied Carbon in Buildings A Review of Current
Research."

Solidia Technology:
1. Solidia Technologies. (2023). [Official Website](https://www.solidiatech.com/).
2. Jones, S. (2020). "Innovations in Concrete: Solidia Cement and Concrete." Concrete
Construction Magazine.

CarbonCure Technology:

1. CarbonCure Technologies. (2023). [Official Website](https://www.carboncure.com/).

2. Thomas, M. D. A., & Gupta, R. C. (2016). "CarbonCure Technology for Production of
Sustainable Concrete." Journal of Green Building, 11(2), 152-169.

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