BUILDING

ASSESSMENT
(REVISED MCO)
Ts Dr Norhafezah Kasmuri
LEARNING OUTCOME
• Ability to evaluate sustainability
dimension including ecological
footprint
• Ability to analyze sustainability
guidelines in the life cycle of buildings
• Ability to apply and assess
environmental assessment system
(e.g., USGS-LEED)
• Ability to conduct case study using
USGS-LEED system
 Learning outcome

◦ Ability to evaluate sustainability dimension including ecological

footprint
◦ Ability to analyze sustainability guidelines in the life cycle of
buildings
◦ Ability to apply and assess environmental assessment system
(e.g., USGS-LEED)
◦ Ability to conduct case study using USGS-LEED system
Programme Outcome (PO5) and
Course Outcome (CO2)

CO2 : to apply the essential principles and tools in

evaluating impacts due to developments

PO5 : Enhanced ability to solve complex

environmental engineering problems through team
work
New era Buildings

Esplanade, Singapore Burj Khalifa, Dubai Petronas Twin Towers, Malaysia

Old buildings

Old building new Central Sultan Abdul Samad

Market, Kuala Lumpur Building, Kuala Lumpur
Questions
◦Why we need to do building environmental assessment?
◦How to do it?
◦Who responsible for this work?
◦What is the significant of development of building
environmental assessment?
 Sustainable Built Environment, Introduction
Defining Sustainability in the Built Environment
• Sustainable design is a collective process whereby the built environment achieves unprecedented
levels of ecological balance through new and retrofit construction, toward the long-term viability and
humanization of architecture.
• Focusing on environmental context, sustainable design merges the natural, minimum resource
conditioning solutions of the past (daylight, solar heat, and natural ventilation) with the innovative
technologies of the present, into an integrated “intelligent” system that supports individual control with
expert negotiation for resource consciousness.
• Sustainable design rediscovers the social, environmental, and technical values of pedestrian, mixed-
use communities, fully using the existing infrastructures, including “main streets” and small-town
planning principles, and recapturing indoor-outdoor relationships.
• Sustainable design avoids the further thinning out of land use, and the dislocated placement of
buildings...

Vivian Loftness (2013)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5828-9_925
SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPT
(GOVERNMENT POLICY)

Sustainable Development
Goals Voluntary National
Review 2017
MALAYSIA
WHY WE NEED TO
DO BUILDING
ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT?
Building environmental assessment
◦ Why it is important?
◦ Buildings are the single largest consumer of energy
produced by fossil fuel power plants, therefore the biggest
contributor to the carbon emissions
◦ For example, in U.S., buildings account for 74% of electrical
consumption, 39% of total energy use, 40% raw material use,
and 30% waste output
◦ Inefficient building trigger variable operating expenses
(e.g., energy use, maintenance issues, and cost to change
(e.g., material, additional facilities, and etc)
 PROBLEMS RELATED TO BUILDING
•Air conditioning
CO2 •Concrete
emission

•Air circulation
•Limited land Health •Indoor Toxic
in city area Land use problem gases

Building

•Electrical supply
•Production of waste
•Water supply
energy Waste during construction
•Additional facilities
•Waste management
in building
Sustainability design of building must
address:
◦ Social aspects of welfare, health, safety and comfort
◦ Functional and economic aspects of use incorporating flexibility
◦ Technical aspects of serviceability, durability and reliability
◦ Ecological aspects of biodiversity and resource depletion plus air,
water, and soil pollution

Management of sustainability issues requires built environment professionals to

work through increasing complex problems while instigating new
systems/ideas to overcome difficulties in gathering, analyzing and verifying
KNOWLEDGE
 Built Environmental Sustainability
 Overview
1. Forces propelling change
2. Introduction to high performance buildings
3. The USGBC LEED Building Assessment Standard
4. Connection of technology and high performance
 5.Green buildings
6. Key energy technologies
7. Building hydrologic cycle systems
8. Materials innovations
9. Indoor environmental quality strategies
10.Design for Deconstruction and Disassembly (DfDD)
History of building environment assessment
◦ BREEM = Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (1990)
◦ Others env. Assessment methods :
1. BREEM-UK,
2. LEED-US,
3. TGBRS-India,
4. CASBEE-Japan,
5. NABERS
6. USGS-LEED

Design criteria + Environmental consideration

Building Environmental Assessment
Green Building Practice
(e.g., in –door park, less energy
consumption, rainwater
harvesting system)

BREEM

Enable building performance

RE-shapping the design process
(for public transport transit stop
(e.g., KLCC and KL sentral)) (cost, material, time constrain)

Sustainability concern
environmental + social + economic
SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPT (Authority)
Low Carbon Green Building- (SEDA, 2012)
SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPT (Organizations)
CIDB Green PASS Assessment Structure- 2012

% of CO2e Reduction

≥ 1 to < 10 ≥ 10 to < 30 ≥ 30 to < 50 ≥ 50 to < 70 ≥ 70 to < 100 100% Carbon Neutral

+ + + + + +
≥ 1 to < 10 ≥ 10 to < 30 ≥ 30 to < 50 ≥ 50 to < 70 ≥ 70 to < 100 100% Carbon Neutral
SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPT (GL Organizations)
CIDB Green PASS- 2012

➢The primary objective of GreenPASS is to evaluate the

environmental impact of construction and operational
performance of buildings in relations to reduction of
carbon emission.

Preferential green features of a building:

▪ Durability – longevity
▪Functionality - efficiency
▪Maintainability – low maintenance
SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPT (Law & Legislations) Established Initiatives (1967-2012)
No Green Initiative Establishment Organization Year

Guidelines
1 Energy Efficiency & Conservation Guidelines for Malaysian Industries MEGTW / KETTHA, MGTC, and UNDP-GEF 2007
2 Design Strategies for Energy Efficiency in New Buildings (Non-Domestic) MEGTW / KETTHA, DANIDA, MPWD / JKR 2004
3 Guidelines for Conducting Energy Audits in Commercial Buildings MEGTW / KETTHA and MGTC 2004
4 Malaysia Industrial Energy Audit Guidelines MEGTW / KETTHA, MGTC, and UNDP-GEF 2003
5 MS1525 : 2001-Code of Practice Use of Energy Efficiency and renewable Energy for Non- SIRIM 2001 and 2007
Residential Buildings
6 EE in Buildings Guidelines Ministry of Energy, Telecommunications & Post 1989

Energy Management Program

1 Feed-In Tariff Energy Commission 2011
2 ASEAN Energy Management Scheme MGTC 2011
3 Energy Audit Government buildings MEGTW / KETTHA 2001
Government Policy
1 The National Green Technology Policy MEGTW / KETTHA 2009
2 Energy Policy-based on 1974 Petroleum Development Act, 1975 National Petroleum Policy, MEGTW / KETTHA, Energy Commission, and MGTC Varies
1980 National Depletion Policy, 1990 Electricity Supply Act, 1993 Gas Supply Acts, 1994
Electricity Regulations, 1997 Gas Supply Regulation and the 2001 Energy Commission Act.

Green Building Scheme

1 Green Building Index GBI Sdn Bhd (PAM & ACEM) 2009
National Clean Development Mechanism Project UNFCCC 2008-2012
1 55 energy projects were registered with CDM EB and 5 energy projects has issued CERs PGEO Energy SB, Felda Palm Industries SB, LDEO 2006-2010
Energy SB, SEO Energy SB, and LAFARGE S.A.
Multi-function-building – PETRONAS twin
Tower

Transportation

Recreational park Shopping Complex

Sustainability dimension including ecological footprint
Life cycle analysis (LCA)
Environmental assessment: LCA analysis to reduce emission of
CO2 and to enhance energy efficiency
LCA : carbon For print calculation
LCA analysis : various exterior wall
DOES GREEN BUILDING MAKE DOLLAR AND SENSE?

CASE STUDY: Green Energy Office (GEO) – MGTC Malaysia

Table 1 GEO building reduces 70 percent of energy consumption compared to

conventional building.

Description Energy Index Energy Consumption

A. Conventional 220 kWh / m2 / year 698,500 kWh / year

building

B. GEO building 65 kWh / m2/ year 206,375 kWh / year

(Savings= A-B) 155 kWh / m2 / year 492,125 kWh / year

Percentage savings - 70.5%

Source: MGTC, 2010.
DOES GREEN BUILDING MAKE DOLLAR AND SENSE?

CASE STUDY: Low Energy Office (LEO)-KETTHA Malaysia

Table 9 LEO building yields more than 50 percent operational cost saving on energy
compared to conventional building.
Description (based on a/c area of 19,200m2) Energy Cost (RM/year)
Cooling Electrical Total
Energy Energy
A. Conventional 275 kWh / m2 / year 478, 000 620, 000 1, 099,
building 000
B. LEO building 114 kWh / m2/ year 156, 000 338, 000 493, 000
(Savings= A-B) 161 kWh / m2 / year 322, 000 282, 000 604, 000

Percentage savings ± 60 % 67.4 % 45.5 % 55.1 %

Source: Tick & Shing 2010
SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPT (Authority)
Low Carbon Green Building- (SEDA, 2012)
Natural Disaster and Building Safer Structures

 Major natural disaster around the world

 Earthquakes
 Tsunami
 Flood
 Natural disaster could damage or destroyed numerous buildings, bridges, and other
structures.
 By monitoring how structures respond to this natural disaster, and applying the
knowledge gained, scientists and engineers are improving the ability of structures to
survive major earthquakes. Many lives and millions of dollars have already been saved
by this ongoing research.
SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPT 2 (Built Environment Scholar)
Concept Definition- (Khamidi, 1997)-

“Sustainable design recognizes;

➢ The interdependence of the built and natural environments; it seeks to harness natural
energy flows and biological processes, eliminate reliance on fossil fuels and toxic materials,
and improve resources and efficiency.

➢ In the short run, the impact of these changes will reduce the environmental impact of our
designs. In the long run, the goal is to create buildings that are not only not harmful but
actually part of natural systems and restorative of those systems.

➢ Sustainable design is concerned with the quality of our environment as a whole system”.
SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPT 3 (Government Policy)

Initiatives and Mission - (Razak, 2009; KETTHA, 2009)

INITIATIVES: The Government and the Malaysian Construction

Professionals are now very committed to contribute a
sustainable approach hence a ‘Going Green’ concept such as
Green Technology Policy is introduced in 2009.

MISSION: Achieve 10th Malaysia Plan 2011-2015 aspirations

towards the New Economic Model, premised on high income,
inclusiveness and Sustainability.
 Some Importance issues
◦To what extend Life Cycle Analysis (sustainability
assessment) could be integral to building environmental
assessment?
◦How are assessment tools viewed by various stakeholders
in the building industry (profit vs. building env.
sustainability)
ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENT

Environmental Measurement as a paradigm shift

Waste Management
(Focus on waste
handling) Pollution Management
(Focus on organization)

Environment Management
(Focus on management) Life Cycle Management
(Focus on product)
Assignment 2
Based on your selected case study, give your own score according to Green Building
Index Tool (GBI) for these category:

• Energy Efficiency (EE)

• Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ)
• Sustainable Site Planning & Management (SM)
• Materials & Resources (MR)
• Water Efficiency (WE)
• Innovation (IN)

Support your score on each of the category by providing the evidence or future designs.
Include the diagram of case study (building) and the SUMMARY OF FINAL SCORE on this
category with the ratings of GBI.