E-TECH
established.
LESSON 1: Introduction to Information and
Communication Technologies
What then is ICT?
Information and Communication Technology
(ICT)
deals with the use of different communication
technologies such as mobile phones, telephone,
Internet, etc. to locate, save, and edit
information.
What then is ICT?
Information and Communication Technology
(ICT)
It is a study of computers as data processing
tools. It introduces students to the fundamental
of using computer systems in an internet
environment.
FAMOUS PERSONALITIES BEHIND THE ICT
BILL GATES – He introduced Microsoft
STEVE JOBS – He introduced Apple
MARK ZUCKERBERG – He pioneered Facebook
and later bought Instagram
MARTHA LANE FOX – developed last-
minute.com., an online booking site for airlines,
hotels, restaurant and everything under the
sun. Her website relied heavily on online
systems which other websites soon followed
suit.
TIM BERNERS-LEE – invented the World Wide
Web, an Internet-based hypermedia initiative
for global information sharing.
LET US NOW ASSESS IF YOU HAVE POTENTIAL
TO BE IN THE WORLD OF ICT IN THE FUTURE:
ICT IN THE PHILIPPINES
More ICT-related jobs and companies are
Owning multiple phones/gadgets at the same
time.
Increase in text messages, chat messages and
emails sent each day.
Different services, news and new information
are easily access through the internet.
A lot of selfies are taken and posted in social
media each day.
WHAT IS INTERNET?
Is the global system of interconnected
computer networks that use the Internet
protocol suite to link billions of devices
worldwide;
Means of connecting a computer to any other
computer anywhere in the world via dedicated
routers and servers.
Top Internet Service Providers in the
Philippines
Converge ICT Solutions
One SKY
PLDT
Globe Broadband
Rise
WHAT IS WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)?
Is an information space where documents and
other web resources are identified by URLs,
interlinked by hypertext links, and can be
accessed via the Internet.
Invented by Tim-Berners Lee.
WHAT IS WEB PAGE?
Web page is a hypertext document connected
to the World Wide Web.
It is a document that is suitable for the World
Wide Web.

WHAT IS WEBSITE?

A location connected to the Internet that

maintains one or more pages on the World
Wide Web.

It is a related collection of World Wide Web

(WWW) files that includes a beginning file
located a home page.
WHAT IS WEB BROWSER?
It displays a web page on a monitor or mobile
device.
It is a software application for retrieving,
presenting, and traversing information
resources on the World Wide Web.
FEATURES OF WEB 2.0
Folksonomy -allows users to categorize and
classify/arrange information using freely chosen
keywords
Rich User Experience – content is dynamic and
is responsive to user’s input.
User Participation – the owner of the website is
not the only one who is able to put content.

WHAT IS WEB 1.0 STATIC?
When the World Wide Web was invented, most
web pages were static. It is also known as flat
page or stationary page because the page is “as
is” and cannot be manipulated by the user. The
content is also the same for all users
WHAT IS WEB 2.0?
It allows users to use web browsers instead of
just using their operating system.
Browsers can now be used for their user
interface, application software (or web
applications), and even for file storage.
Long Tail – services that are offered on demand
rather than on a one-time purchase.
Software as a Service – users will subscribe to a
software only when needed rather than
purchasing them.
WEB 3.0 AND THE SEMANTIC WEB
The Semantic Web is a movement led by the
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
The W3C standard encourages web developers
to include semantic content in their web pages

Examples of Web 2.0 include social networking

sites, blogs, wikis, video sharing sites, hosted
services, and web applications.
 Social Networks
Media Sharing

Bookmarking Sites Microblogging

Social News

Blogs and Forums

3. MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES

SEVERAL PROBLEMS OF WEB 3.0 The popularity of smartphones and tablets has
taken a major rise over the years. This is largely
1. Compatibility because of the devices capability to do tasks
that were originally found in personal
HTML files and current web browser could not
computers.
support Web 3.0
KINDS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
2. Security
IOS
The user’s security is also in question since the
machine is saving his or her preferences Android
3. Vastness (kalakhan) Blackberry OS
The World Wide Web already contains billions Windows Phone OS
of web pages
Symbian
4. Vagueness (hindi malinaw)
Web OS
Certain words are imprecise. The words “old”
and “small” would depend on the user. Windows Mobile

5. Logic

Since machines use logic, there are certain

limitations for a computer to be able to predict
what the user is referring to at a given time.
TRENDS IN ICT
CONVERGENCE- Technological convergence is
the synergy of technological advancements to
work on a similar goal or task.
Assistive Media
is a nonprofit service designed to help people
who have visual and reading impairments.
RULES OF NETIQUETTE
Online security, safety and ethics

SOCIAL MEDIA- is a website, application, or Internet threats

online channel that enables web users to Protecting reputations online
create, co-create, discuss, modify, and exchange
user-generated content. Copyright

6 TYPES OF SOCIAL MEDIA Contextualized online search and research skills

10 Best Rules of Netiquette

>The Golden Rule
>Use proper Grammar and Spelling
>No Flaming
>Be honest/Be yourself
>Don’t type in ALL CAPS
>Don’t SPAM
>Follow the TOS (TOS-Term of Service) >Shop
Secure Sites
>Don’t talk with people you do not know
>Obey Copyright Laws
What is internet Safety?
It refers to the online security or safety of
people and their information when using the
internet.
Some Tips to Stay Safe Online:
Be mindful on what you share online.
Do not just accept terms and conditions, read it.
Do not share your password with anyone.
Do not talk to strangers whether online or face-
to-face.
Never post anything about a future vacation.
Avoid visiting untrusted websites.
If you have WiFi at home, make it private by
adding a password.
Install and update an antivirus software on your
computer.
Add friends you know in real life.
Avoid downloading anything from untrusted
websites.
Buy the software, do not use pirated ones.
Do not reply or click links from suspicious
emails.
INTERNET THREATS
Malware – stands for malicious software; It is a
set of instructions that run on your computer
and make your system do something that an
attacker wants it to do.
Virus - a malicious program designed to
replicate itself and transfer from one computer
to another (internet, local networks, FDs, CDs,
etc.)
INTERNET THREATS
Spyware - a program that runs in the
background without you knowing it (thus called
“spy”). It has the ability to monitor what you
are currently doing and typing through
keylogging.
Adware - A program designed to send your
advertisement, mostly as pop-ups; SPAM-
Refers to the transmission of unsolicited
messages from various origins using electric
messaging systems
Dangers on the Internet
Email Spam- Also known as junk email, it is
usually unsolicited commercial email sent from
one source with identical message sent to
multiple recipients.
Phishing-This is a deceitful practice of trying to
get confidential information such as passwords
and usernames and credit card details by
making it appear as if it comes from a
trustworthy source.
Dangers on the Internet
Pharming - This is a dangerous hacker attack on
a website which directs all traffic to that
website to another fictitious website.
Spyware - It is known that spyware programs
also affect the performance and settings of the
computer.
Dangers on the Internet
Computer worm - This is a dangerous computer Install and update an antivirus software on your
program that replicates itself through a computer. Use only one antivirus to avoid
network. conflict.

Trojan Horse - it can erase data, can allow If you have a wi-fi at home, make it a private
access of the victim’s computer, can corrupt network by adding a password.
files, and can be used in Phishing for bank
Buy the software; do not use pirated ones.
accounts.
Do not reply or click links from suspicious
Hacker - This is a person who is able to enter
emails.
and control other people’s computer without
authorization. Avoid downloading anything from untrusted
websites. You are most vulnerable in peer-to-
LESSON 2: ONLINE SAFETY, SECURITY, ETHICS,
peer downloads (torrents) as the download is
AND NETIQUETTE
most likely not monitored by the site owner.
INTERNET CRIMES

Cyberbullying

Hacking

Identity Theft

Plagiarism

IP Rights and Copyright Issues

Keeping Self Safe Online
Be mindful of what you share online and what
site you share it to.
Do not just accept terms and conditions; read it.
Check out the privacy policy page of a website
to learn how the website handles the
information you share.
MALWARE
Stands for malicious software
VIRUS – A malicious program designed to
replicate itself and transfer from one computer
to another either through the internet and local
networks or data storage like flash drives and
CDs.

Do not talk to strangers whether online or face-

to-face.

Never post anything about a future vacation. It

is similar to posting, “rob my house at this
date”.

Add friends you know in real life.

Avoid visiting untrusted websites.
WORM – a malicious program that transfers
from one computer to another by any type of
means. Often, it uses a computer network to
spread itself. Example: Iloveyou WORM (love
bug worm) created by a Filipino
TROJAN – A malicious program that is disguised
as A useful program but once downloaded or
installed, leaves your PC unprotected and
allows hackers to get you information.
ROGUE SECURITY SOFTWARE – tricks the user
into posing that it is a security software. it asks
the user to pay to improve his/her security but
in reality they are not protected at all.
SPYWARE – A program that runs in the
background without you knowing (thus called
“spy”). It has the ability to monitor what you are
currently doing and typing through keylogging.
ADWARE – A program designed to send you
advertisements, mosty as pop – ups.
SPAM- Unwanted email mostly from bots or
advertisers. It can be used to send malware.
PHISHING- Its goal is to acquire sensitive
personal information like password and credit
card details. This is done by sending you an
email that will direct the user to visit a website
and be asked to update his / her username,
password, credit card or personal information.
PHARMING- A more complicated way of
phishing where it exploits the DNS (domain
name service) system.
COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT
If you create something – an idea, an invention,
a form of literary works, or a research, you have
the rights as to how it should be used by others.
This is called INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY.
Copyright law includes your rights over you
work, and anyone who uses it without your
consent is punishable by law. Books have
copyright page for example.
CORE RULES OF NETIQUETTE
RULE 1: Remember the human.
RULE 2: Adhere to the same standards of
behavior online that you follow in real life.
RULE 3: Know where you are in cyberspace.
RULE 4: Respect other people’s time and
bandwidth.
RULE 5: Make yourself good online.
RULE 6: Share expert knowledge
RULE 7: Help keep flame wars under control. Step 1: Questioning --- Before going on the
Internet, you should structure their questions.
RULE 8: Respect other people’s privacy
Step 2: Planning --- Develop a search strategy
RULE 9: Do not abuse your power.
with a list of sites to investigate.
RULE 10: Be forgiving of other people’s
Step 3: Gathering --- Use the Web to collect and
mistakes.
gather information.

Step 4: Sorting & Sifting --- Analyze and

LESSON 3: CONTEXTUALIZED ONLINE
RESEARCH AND RESEARCH SKILLS
INTERNET SEARCH
Internet research is the practice of using
Internet information, especially, free
information on the World Wide Web, in
research. It is:
categorize the data they gathered on the Web.
Step 5: Synthesizing --- Integrate the
information into the lesson and draw
conclusions.
Step 6: Evaluating --- Assess the results, and if
necessary, begin the process again.

focused and purposeful (so not recreational

browsing alone);

uses Internet information or Internet-based

resources (like Internet discussion forum);

tends towards the immediate (drawing answers

from information you can access without delay);

and tends to access information without a

purchase price. ONLINE SEARCHING TIPS

APPLICATIONS Choose you web browser based on the best

search engine for you
personal search on a particular subject
(something mentioned on the news, a health Use punctuation and Boolean operators (and,
problem, etc.), or, not)

students doing research for academic projects Filter results by setting the range of time it was
and papers, and searched.

journalists and other writers researching Use truncations (*,!,? And $)

stories. BASIC BOOLEAN OPERATORS

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

Barron and Ivers (1996) outlined the following

cycle for online research projects.
 EVALUATING INTERNET SOURCES

Accuracy

Authority

Objectivity

Coverage

Accuracy

Are sources listed for the facts? Can information

be verified through another source? VHas the
site been edited for grammar, spelling, etc.?

Authority

Is the publisher reputable? Is the sponsorship

clear? Is a phone number or postal address
available? Is there a link to the sponsoring
organization? Is the author qualified to write on
this topic?

Objectivity

Does the sponsor have commercial interests? Is

advertising included on the page? Are there
obvious biases? Currency Is a publication date
indicated? Is there a date for the last update? Is
the topic one that does not change frequently?

Coverage

Are the topics covered in depth? Does the

content appear to be complete?

LESSON 3.1: APPLIED PRODUCTIVITY

ONLINE SEARCHING TIPS TOOLS WITH ADVANCED APPLICATION
TECHNIQUES
Limit your search to specifics
PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS
Use quotation marks for specific phrases
One of the most popular productivity suited is
Use the advanced search button to refine the
the Microsoft Office developed by Microsoft.
search
This includes word processing, electronic
Use browser history spreadsheet, presentation software, and
database, and desktop publishing program.
Read and spell – check
 PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS can be a freeware or
shareware.
FREEWARE is copyrighted, which can be used
for free and for an unlimited time.
• A useful tool that allows you to quickly produce
SHAREWARE is commercial software that is
copyrighted which can be copied for trial but
needs to be purchased for continued use.
WORD PROCESSING TOOL
One of the software of the Microsoft Office
2013 suite. It offers a set of tools that is
• When these two documents are combined
advanced compared to its previous versions.
Along with its new features are the advanced
techniques including hyperlinks, macros, and
mail merge.
• Form Document. It is generally the document
ADVANCED TECHNIQUES
Mail Merge and Label Generation
Hyperlink
Integrating Images and External Materials
.html Conversion
HYPERLINK
• List or Data File. This is where the individual
• MS Word creates a hyperlink when you type the
address of an existing web page, such as
www.google.com, if the automatic formatting of
hyperlinks has not been turned off.
• You can create a hyperlink to a new or existing
document or web page, an e-mail address, a
specific location to another document or web
page, a location in the current document, and
to another file or program.
MAIL MERGE
and send information, newsletter, resumes, or
brochures to many people. It basically requires
two components: the document that contains
the message and the document or file that
generally contains the list of names and
addresses.
(merged) during the mail merging, feed your
printer with enough paper until all mailers are
printed out. Each document includes the
individual names and addresses you need to
send it to.
Components of Mail Merge
that contains the main body of the message we
want to convey or send. The main body of the
message is the part of the form document that
remains the same no matter whom you send it
to from among your list. Also included in the
form document is what we call the place
holders, also referred to as data fields or merge
fields. This marks the position on your form
document where individual data or information
will be inserted. From our sample document,
the placeholders are denoted or marked by the
text with double-headed arrows (<< >>) on each
side with a gray background.
information or data that needs to be plugged in
(merged) to the form document is placed and
maintained. One of the best things about the
mail merge feature is that it allows data file to
be created from within the Microsoft Word
application itself, or it gets data from a file
created in Microsoft Excel or other data format
Steps in Mail Merging
• Select document type
• Select starting document GIF
• Create a data file • Graphics Interchange Format.
• Select recipients • capable of displaying transparencies. Therefore,
• Write your letter it is good for blending with other materials or
• Preview your letter elements in your document
• Complete the merge • capable of displaying simple animation.
• may not be too useful on a printed document
Integrating Images and EM but if you are sending documents electronically
• Integrating or inserting pictures in your or trough email, or even post documents into a
document is fun and it improves the impression website, then this could be quite impressive.
of your document. A common use of inserting a • It can only support up to 256 colors.
picture on a document is when you are creating • So it is good mostly on logos and art decors with
your resume. very limited, and generally solid colors. .GIF is
much better for logos, drawings, small text,
black and white images, or low-resolution files.

PNG
• This is pronounced as “ping”.
• Portable Network Graphics.
Pictures
• Built around the capabilities of .GIF. Its
• These are electronic or digital pictures of
development was basically for the purpose of
photographs you have saved in any local
transporting images on the Internet at faster
storage device. .JPG, .GIF and .PNG are the
rates.
common extensions on the file names of the
• Good with transparencies but unlike .GIFs, it
pictures.
does not support animation but it can display
up to about 16 million colors, so image quality
.jpeg / .jpg
for this image file type is also remarkably
• Short for “Joint Photographic Experts Group”.
improved.
• It identifies the kind of data compression
• .PNG allows the control of the transparency
process that it uses to make it more compatible
level or opacity of images.
and portable through the internet. This type of
image file can support 16.7 million colors that is
OTHER EXTERNAL MATERIALS
why it is suitable for use when working with full
• Shapes
color photographic images.
• Illustrations
• It does not support transparency and therefore,
• Screenshot
images of this file type can be difficult to
• Smart Art
integrate in terms of blending with other
• Chart
materials or elements in you document. But
• Clip Arts
they are considered as best quality image to
integrate with your document.
TEXT WRAPPING
• JPG does not work well on lettering, line
drawings, or simple graphics. JPG images are • In Line with Text
relatively small in file size.
• Square
• Tight

• Through

• Top and Bottom

• Behind Text

• In front of Text

Tight
In Line with Text
• This is almost the same as Square setting, but
• The default setting for images that inserted or here the text“hugs” or conforms to the general
integrated in your document. It treat your shape of the image. This allows you to get a
image like a text font with the bottom side more creative effect on your document. This
totally aligned with the text line. setting can mostly be achieved if you are using
• This setting is usually used when you need to an image that supports transparency like .GIF or
place your image at the beginning of a .PNG file.
paragraph. When placed between texts in a
paragraph or sentence, it distorts the overall
appearance and arrangement of the text in the
paragraph because it will take up the space it
needs vertical pushing whole lines of texts
upward as in the example below.

Through

• This setting allows the text on you document to

flow even tighter, taking the contours and
shape of the image. Again, this can be best used
with .GIF and .PNG type of image.

Square

• This setting allows the image you inserted to be

placed anywhere within the paragraph with the
text going around the image in a square patters
like a frame.

Top and Bottom

• This setting pushes the texts away vertically to

the top and/or the bottom of the image so that
 the image occupies a whole text line on its own
as in the example.
Behind Text
• This allows your image to be dragged and
placed anywhere on your document but with all
the texts floating in front of it. It effectively
makes the image look like a background.
In Front of Text
• As it suggests, this setting allows your image to
be placed on the top of the text as if your image
was dropped right on it. That means whatever
parts of the text you placed the image on, it will
be covered by the image.
LESSON 3.2: APPLIED PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS
WITH ADVANCED APPLICATION TECHNIQUES
SPREADSHEET APPLICATIONS
MS EXCEL – simulate a paper worksheet.
Composed of cells that are represented in rows
and columns designed to perform basic
arithmetic operation. Widely used in accounting
and financial operations, as well as statistics and
engineering calculations.
Formula / Functions
• excel formulas always begin with an equal sign (
= ).
• Examples are count, sum, average, if, countif,
max, min.
o RANGE – the range of cells where you want to
look for the criteria.
o CRITERIA – a value or label that determines id a
cell is part of the range to be averaged.
o AVERAGE RANGE – the actual range of cells
that will be averaged, if omitted, the range will
be used instead.
• COUNT – a function used to count the cells with
content in a range.
o Formula:=COUNT(range)
o Example:=COUNT(A1:A20)
• SUM – a function used to compute for the
summation of the number of a range.
o Formula:=SUM(range)
o Example:=SUM(A1:A20)

• AVERAGE – a function used to compute for the

average of the number of a range.

o FORMULA=AVERAGE(range)

o EXAMPLE:=AVERAGE(A1:A20)

• RANK - returns the rank of a number in a list of

numbers.

o FORMULA=RANK(number, ref,[order])

• COUNTIF – used to count the cells with a

specified content within a range.

o FORMULA:=COUNTIF(range, criteria)

o EXAMPLE: =COUNTIF(A1:A20,”Batangas”) MS Power point Components

• Title Bar. Displays the name of the application

and the file currently in use.
LESSON 3.3 APPLIED PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS
WITH ADVANCED APPLICATION TECHNIQUES • The Ribbon. Displays the numerous functions
and tools available to work with your
PRESENTATION APPLICATIONS
presentation.
MS POWERPOINT – format text and images,
• Quick Access Toolbar. Enables you to customize
adding animations and other multimedia
the toolbar to contain the commands you use
components interactively.
most frequently.
1. SLIDE ANIMATION – a moving computer
• File tab (Backstage View). Provides access to
graphic effect that can be added to the object,
basic commands such as New, Open, Save, Print
text or the entire slide itself.
and Share plus access to customize the
2. SLIDE TRANSITION – control how your application.
presentation moves from slide to slide.
• Slides pane. Displays a thumbnail version of
3. HYPERLINKS – allows you to go to other slides each slide within the presentation.
in the same presentation or in another
• Slide. The area which will be displayed as full
presentation or in a web page and even to e-
screen when viewed in Slide Show mode.
mail addresses.
• Status Bar. Provides information relating to
4. ACTION BUTTON – allows you to play sounds,
features such as slide number, spell check and
animate, or run a program. Allows you to move
shortcuts to Notes, Comments, various different
from one slide to another without using the
views and zoom functions.
using next button in a slide show.
• Placeholders. Displayed as dotted lines which
allows you to identify where you can add text,
and insert elements such as images or tables.
Creating an Effective Presentation Arrangement of opposite elements in a
composition so as to create visual interest
MINIMIZE – slide counts to a minimum to
maintain a clear message.

CLARITY – use font style and size that are easy

to read.

SIMPLICITY – use bullets or short sentences.

VISUALS – use graphics to help in your

presentation
Emphasis
CONSISTENCY – make you design uniform.
Creates a center of interest or focal point.
CONTRAST – use light font on dark background,
vice versa.

LESSONE 6 IMAGING AND DESIGN FOR

THE ONLINE ENVIRONMENT

Basic Principles of Graphics and Layout

Movement
Balance
Can create the illusion of actions.
Distribution of visual weight on either side of
the vertical axis.

Balance Pattern
Distribution of visual weight on either side of Repetition of specific visual elements such as a
the vertical axis. unit of form or shape.

Contrast

Rhythm
 Regular repetition of, or alternation in elements data. It is also used to easily compare data
to create cohesiveness and interest. patterns and relationships.

• Like designing for a desktop publishing whether

for the web or not, there are also important
elements that should be considered in designing
an infographic.

• When searching the net, you can find a lot of

principles and guidelines on how to create an
Proportion infographic:

Creates a sense of unity where they relate well • Thesis / Story. The subject and the main idea of
with one another. your infographic must be clear.

• Data. Data must be well-organized and supports

the main idea.

• Simplicity. (color, style, and illustrations). You

must be able to create you own color palette;
your style must be able to attract readers so as
not to make your infographic full of text. Do not
use stock photos.
Variety

Uses several design elements to draw a viewer’s

IMAGE FILE FORMAT
attention.
JOINT PHOTOGRAPHICS EXPERT GROUP (JPEG)

• JPEG or Joint Photographic Experts Group is

Infographics
the most popular image format used on the
• Information graphics or infographics are used to web. JPEG files are very ‘lossy’ files where much
represent information, statistical data, or of the information about the image is lost from
knowledge in a graphical manner usually done the original state to keep the image file small.
in a creative way to attract the viewer’s
• JPEG Files are used mostly by photographers,
attention. Infographics make complex data
artists, graphic designers, medical imaging
become more visually appealing to an average
specialists, art historians, and other groups
user.
because image quality and color fidelity is
• Also known as data visualization, is defined by important in the field.
Oxford dictionary as a visual image such as a
GRAPHICS INTERCHANGE
chart or diagram that is used to explain
information or data. FORMAT (GIF)

• It makes the data easily understood at a glance GIF or Graphics Interchange Format is limited
and quickly communicates a message especially to the 8-bit palette with only 256 colors. This
to simplify the presentation of large amounts of format was popularized in the 1980s as an
efficient means to transmit images across data
networks and on the web since it uses the basic
form of file compression.
BITMAP IMAGE FILE or BMP
BMP or bitmap image file or device
independent bitmap (DIB) file format is the
image file used in the Microsoft Windows
operating system. It is an uncompressed file and
is made up of millions of dots called ‘pixels’,
with different colors and arrangements. It is
also called raster image.
TAGGED IMAGE FILE FORMATor TIFF
TIFF or Tagged Image File Format is a file format
created originally by Aldus Corporation for
desktop publishing. TIFF is supported by many
imaging programs and is a good format for
graphic storage, processing, and printing. This
makes TIFF the superior raster image format. By
the year 2009, its control was transferred to
Adobe Systems.
TIFF is considered as a high – quality image
format, where all colors and data information
are stored. However, it produces a very large
file size and takes huge disk consumption.
PORTABLE NETWORK GRAPHIC or PNG
PNG is an image format developed by a group
of graphic software developers as a non-
proprietary alternative to the GIF format. This
format supports full color images and used for
photographic images. However, the resulting
file is much larger than with lossy JPEG
compression. PNG does best with line arts, text,
and logos.
PRINCIPLES OF IMAGE MANIPULATION
Cropping
A process of removing unwanted parts of the
image focusing only on the subject. When
cropping, one must always follow the rule of
thirds to organize the image composition.
Color Balance
In any image manipulating program, this
command will allow you to make changes in the
mixture of colors in an image.
Adjusting Brightness and Contrast
This command is the most basic when adjusting
the image tone (highlights, shadows, and
midtones)
Compression and Resizing
It is an important aspect in image manipulation.
Images to be uploaded on the web must be of
the standard resolution of 72 dpi (dots per inch)
to maintain its image file size of 30 – 50 KB. If
the image is for printing, set the maximum
resolution to 300 dpi and set its physical
printing size in inches.
Color Blending
Use the different special effects buttons
available in the different image editing
software. You can combine colors and
commands that will give you a more dynamic
image result.
ONLINE GRAPHICS SOFTWARE
Adobe Photoshop
There is no doubt that Adobe Photoshop came
to be the standard of photo editing since it
started in the 1990s. However, there are a lot of
image editing sites on the net that also offers
that basic and advanced techniques that we can
do with other professional software.
Based on TechRadar, the following are the list
of websites that you can try as beginners in the
field or for professionals who would like to try
other software.

Picasa
Google’s free desktop image editing program. It
can be downloaded and help you manage your
photos and upload them to an online album.
Fotor
It is a multiplatform photo editing website. It
offers a wide range of effects and tools for
editing images.
Pixlr
It is also a multiplatform image editing program.
You can choose between the editor for editing
images or creating an original image right
through the browser. The tools are almost
similar to Photoshop that makes it easier for
you to manipulate.
Other image editing suits
Photo scape
Serif Photo Plus Starter Edition
GIMP
Paint.Net
Image Hosting Sites
Images can be shared online through the
different web hosting sites that are free. You
just need to create a free account, and you will
be able to post, organize and share you photos.
Image Hosting Sites
Imgur
Flickr
Photobucket
SlickPic
Zenfolio
Imgur
A free image hosting site wherein you can
upload images from your computer. You can
also edit your images before posting online.
Flickr
It is an image social networking site. You can
save and manage your photos for it offers a 1 TB
storage capacity in your account.
Photobucket
It has almost similar features with Flickr as you
can upload and share your images over the
internet through your account.
Slick pic
It is an online image-hosting service that allows
you to upload and store an unlimited number of
photos online. You can create as many albums,
and it also offers professional editing of images.
Zenfolio
It is an online image-hosting site that does not
only allow you to upload image but also lets you
create an online image website for your images.
LESSON 7 ONLINE PLATFORMS FOR
ICT CONTENT DEVELOPMENT
ONLINE PLATFORMS
Online Platforms are technologies that are
grouped to be used as a base upon which other
applications, processes or technologies are
developed.
Online Platforms for ICT Content Development
Presentation Tools – Prezi, Zoho Show, and MS
Powerpoint.
Newsletter, ICT Content Platforms – Dropbox,
Tumblr, Wix
Photo editing Tools – Picasa, Adobe Photoshop,
MS Paint
Photo Uploading and Hosting Tools – Google
Drive, Viber, Facebook
Cloud Computing – Dropbox, Google Drive, MS
One Drive
Blog Tools – Blogger, WordPress, Live Journal
Mapping Tools – Google Maps, Wikimapia
Music Production – Sibelius
Survey and Forms – Google Form
ICT Projects and Contents Publishing and
Uploading Platforms – WordPress, MS Office
Project Server, File Manager
Content Management Systems Platforms –
WordPress, Drupal, Joomla
File Management Platform – Zamzar,
Word2PDF
Curating Tools – Pinterest, Storify, Trafit.
Web Page Design Platforms – Wix, Weebly,
Adobe Dreamweaver
Web Management Platforms – Drupal,
WordPress, Joomla
Social Media Platforms
Blogging Platforms – WordPress, Tumblr,
Blogger
Content Management Systems
A Content Management System (CMS) is a
computer application (sometimes online or
browser-based) that allows you to publish, edit
and manipulate, organize and delete web
content. CMS is used in blogs, news websites
and shopping.
Blogs
Blogs is a discussion or informational website
published on the web consisting of discrete,
often informal diary-style text entries ("posts").
Posts are typically displayed in reverse
chronological order, so that the most recent
post appears first, at the top of the web page
Major Features in Online Course
Platform Comparison
Comparing e-learning platforms may seem like a
complicated task, especially since there are so
many important factors to consider. We want to
take that stress away from you, that’s why we
created the most extensive online course
platform comparison tool there is. Take a look
at which main features you need to evaluate
while doing the comparison of online learning
platforms.
Content Quality
It’s quite obvious that the quality of learning
material is one of the most important features
of online learning platforms. By enrolling into a
course you naturally expect to gain new
knowledge or develop your skills, but in some
cases your expectations could be far from the
truth. That’s why in our online learning
platforms’ comparison, we always evaluate the
quality of learning material by gathering
hundreds of user opinions & doing in-depth
research.

Certifications
Having eligible proof of your efforts or gained
knowledge is always a great way to kick-start or
advance your career. Certificates,
specializations or online degrees are great tools
to do just that. So before deciding which e-
learning platform is the best for you, be sure to
compare online courses & the certifications
they offer upon completion. It’s also important
to find out whether the certificates are free or
paid. Learn that with our comparison tool.
provider fairly and accurately. Uncover it in our
e-learning platforms’ comparisons.
Price
We understand that if you pay for online
courses, classes, degrees or specializations, you
always expect good value for the money you
paid. Sadly, there are many e-learning providers
that do not offer fair pricing, have hidden fees
or simply offer poor content hidden under hefty
price tags. We want to help you steer away
from these online learning platforms by
disclosing real pricing plans, additional
payments & price VS value ratio.

Unique Features

When you’re choosing between several top-

notch online course providers, unique features
may be a main deciding factor for which
platform to pick. Whether it’s specialized
certifications, customized learning paths or
Ease of Use valuable extra curriculum material, the top-
rated online learning platforms win by offering
Having a smooth, stress-free & easy online something authentic and valuable. All the most
learning process is bliss. Obviously, not all e- important, unique features are disclosed in our
learning providers can offer that, since they online learning platforms’ comparison charts.
have clustered pages, confusing navigation &
overall bad UX. It may take a lot of time for you
to try out each learning platform and actually
see if it’s easy to use or not, but that’s what
we’re here for! Here, the in-depth comparison
of online learning platforms will let you find out
which provider offers the best user experience.

Learning Experience

Learning experience can be very hard to

measure as it usually depends on many factors.
It’s mainly shaped by the instructor or a
lecturer, but the overall positive learning flow of
the online learning platforms also plays a big
part. Luckily, our reviewers & researchers know
what makes the online learning experience
great and measure it for each e-learning