HISTORY OF SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY

• They learn to weave cotton, make glass ornaments,

and cultivate lowland rice and dike fields of terraced
STONE AGE fields utilizing spring water in mountain regions.
• Archeological findings
• They also learned to build boats for trading
show that modern man
purposes. • Spanish chronicles noted refined plank
from Asian mainland first
built warships called caracoa suited for interisland
came over land on across
trade raids.
narrow channels to live in PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
Batangas and Palawan
about 48,000 B.C.
• Filipinos were already engage in activities and
• Settlement in Sulu, practices related to science forming primitive or first
Davao, Zamboanga, Samar, wave technology. e.g. making of wine, mining gold
Negros, Batangas, Laguna,
• They were curative values of
Rizal, Bulacan and Cagayan.
some plant on how to extract
Inventions medicine from
herbs(superstitious beliefs).
• They made simple tools and weapons of stone flakes
and later developed method of sawing and polishing • They had an alphabet, a
stones around 40,000 B.C. system of writing, a method of
counting and weights and
• 3,000 B.C. they were producing adzes ornaments of
measure.
seashells and pottery.
• They had no calendar but counted the years by the
• They learned to produce copper, bronze, iron, and
period of the moon and from one harvest to another
gold metal tools and ornaments
SPANISH REGIME
• Establishment of school system manage by
IRON
IRON AGEAGE
missionaries and priest (religion-centered). e.g.
• Lasted from there third century B.C.to 11th century Colegio de San Ildefonso-Cebu-1595 Colegio de San
A.D. Ignacio-Manila-1595 Colegio De Nuestra Senora del
Rosario-Manila-1597 Colegio De San Jose-Manila-
• Filipinos were engaged in extraction smelting and 1601.
refining of iron from ores, until the importation of cast
iron from Sarawak and later from China. • Development of Hospitals San Juan Lazaro Hospital
the oldest in the Far East was founded in 1578.
• Filipinos from the Butuan were trading with Champa
(Vietnam) and those from Ma-I (Mindoro) with China. • In 17th and 18th Century,
(bee wax, cotton, pearls, coconut heart mats, tortoise successive shipwrecks of and attacks
shell and medicinal betel nuts, panie cloth for of pirates on the galleons led to
porcelain, leads fishnets sinker, colored glass beads, declining profits from the trade that
iron pots, iron needles and tin). led to economic depression in Manila
during the later part of the 17th
century

• In 1871 the school of medicine and pharmacy were

opened to UST, after 15 years it had granted the
degree of Licenciado en Medicina to 62 graduates.

• There were no school for engineering but they

offered nautical four year course for pilot of merchant
marine that includes the subject: a. Arithmetic,
b.Algebra, c. Geometry, d.Trigonometry, e. Physics, f.
Inventions Hydrography, g. Meteorology h. Navigation, and i.
Pilotage.
• Jesuits promoted meteorological studies founding
Manila observatory at the Ateneo Municipal de
Manila in 1865
AMERICAN REGIME
SCIENCE AND TEACHNOLOGY SINCE THE INDEPENDENCE

• Science and technology advance rapidly by the

government encouragement and support.
• Creation of Department of Public Instruction which
offers free and compulsory elementary (600 teachers
from USA taught in Philippines, Philippine Normal
School, Philippine Medical School).
• Promotion of higher education in sciences and
government research institution and agencies
performing technical function (Liberal Arts,Veterinary
medicine, law).
• Trained and qualified Filipino teachers (they were
sent abroad for advanced training).
• Men and women must finished in American
Colleges (Pensionados)
• Scholarships for advanced studies of a scientific or
technical nature.
• Produces medical doctors, engineers,
• Proliferation of schools as business enterprises and
no definite government policies.
• Government was responsible in supervising private
schools due to substandard private schools (Monroe
survey)
• Creation of Bureau of Science as government
research establishment and training ground of Filipino
Scientist (Vaccines, dse like leprosy, tuberculosis,
cholera, dengue fever, malaria and beri-beri and
scientific developments)
• The State continues its support to education at all
levels.
• Proliferation of schools and many of them were ill-
equipped and illprepared to provide quality education
particularly in sciences and engineering (Standards).
• UP system remains the most developed with
extensive graduate and undergraduate degree
programs in the sciences and engineering. (half of the
national budget for SUC’s)
• Low enrollment rate in agriculture, medical, natural
and physical sciences (low compensation of Filipino
scientists)
• Engineering and science courses entail longer
periods of study and been more expensive to pursue.
• Little innovation and training of scientists and
engineers.
• Scientific work in the government suffered from a
lack of support, planning and coordination after early
postwar years.
• Creation of science agencies like PCARR, PSHS, PCRI,
PTRI, NRCP, etc.
• Establishment of a Scientific Career System in the
Civil Service by PD No. 901

COMMONWEALTH PERIOD
• Promotion of scientific development for the
economic development.

• Expansion of public school system to accommodate

all schoolchildren.

• Curriculum revision (removal of Gr-7, double-single

session and reducing time or dropping certain subjects
in basic education).

• Reorganization and establishment of government

corporation to perform development of natural
resources