1.

Personification

Definition:
the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to
something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in
human form.
a figure intended to represent an abstract quality.
plural noun: personifications.

Usage:
The function of personification in literature is to give a concept or
object human features, usually to describe its qualities or to make a
statement about human behavior.

Words:
1. Smiled down.
2. Jumped off.
3. Danced.

Examples:
 “The sun smiled down on us.”
 “The story jumped off the page.”
 “The light danced on the surface of the water.”

2. Onomatopoeia

Definition:
The formation of a word from a sound associated with what is
named.
The naming of a thing or action by imitation of natural sounds (as
"buzz" or "hiss") : the use of words whose sound suggests the sense
(as for poetic effect).
Usage:
The function of onomatopoeia in poetry is to create musicality in the
spoken words, and reinforce the overall theme of the poem.
Onomatopoeia is the literary term used to describe words that
approximate their meaning with their sound.

Words:
1. Cock-a-doodle-do.
2. Ticktock, ticktock.
3. Click.
4. Quack, quack.

Examples:
 On my first morning on the farm, I was awoken suddenly by the
cock-a-doodle-do of the resident rooster.
 Ticktock, ticktock… the sound of the clock was all that could be
heard in the hospital waiting room.
 I ordered online proofreading services with the click of a mouse.

3. Hyperbole

Definition:
Hyperbole uses figurative language to make an overstatement or
exaggeration. This figure of speech creates emphasis and depending
on the context, you can use it for comic or dramatic effect, to create
vivid images, or to convey intensity or emotion.

Usage:
Hyperbole is a literary technique in which a certain piece of
information, feeling, or other statement is exaggerated intentionally
for a certain effect.
Words:
1. Eat a horse.
2. As old as the hills.
3. A million miles.
4. Died of embarrassment.

Examples:
 I'm so hungry I could eat a horse.
 She's as old as the hills.
 I walked a million miles to get here.

4. Alliteration

Definition:
the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of
adjacent or closely connected words.
the repetition of usually initial consonant sounds in two or more
neighboring words or syllables (such as wild and woolly, threatening
throngs).

Usage:
The function of alliteration in literature is to provide emphasis on a
particular point or to make some aspect of the work more
memorable. In prose, for example, alliteration is often used to draw
the reader's attention to a particular sentence and make it stand out.

Words:
1. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
2. A good cook could cook as many cookies as a good cook who
could cook cookies.
3. I saw a saw that could out saw any other saw I ever saw.
4. A big bug bit the little beetle, but the little beetle bit the big bug
back.
Examples:
 Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. ...
 A good cook could cook as many cookies as a good cook who
could cook cookies.
 I saw a saw that could out saw any other saw I ever saw.

5. Metaphor

Definition:
Methaphor a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally
denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to
suggest a likeness or analogy between them (as in drowning in
money) a thing regarded as representative or symbolic of something
else, especially something abstract.

Usage:
The function of metaphor in literature is twofold. The first, and more
practical, function is to allow the reader greater understanding of
the concept, object, or character being described. This is done by
comparing it to an item that may be more familiar to the reader.

Words:
1. Diamonds.
2. A shining star.
3. White blanket.

Examples:
 Her eyes were diamonds.
 He is a shining star.
 The snow is a white blanket.
6. Idiom

Definition:
A group of words established by usage as having a meaning not
deducible from those of the individual words .
It is a characteristic mode of expression in music or art.

Usage:
Idioms are used often to replace a literal word or expression, and
many times the idiom better describes the full nuance of meaning.
Idioms and idiomatic expressions can be more precise than the
literal words, often using fewer words but saying more.

Words:
1. Hit the hay.
2. Up in the air.
3. Stabbed in the back.

Examples:
 “Sorry, guys, I have to hit the hay now!”
 “No, they’re still up in the air for now. We’ll figure everything
out later.”
 “I don’t want to be Hayley’s friend anymore, she stabbed me in
the back!”

7. Oxymoron

Definition:
A figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in
conjunction (e.g. faith unfaithful kept him falsely true).
An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines contradictory
words with opposing meanings, like “old news,” “deafening silence,”
or “organized chaos.” Oxymorons may seem illogical at first, but in
context they usually make sense.

Usage:
An oxymoron is a figure of speech that places contradictory terms
next to each other in a word or phrase. As a literary device, it is used
to make certain word combinations more thought-provoking to
stand out.

Words:
1. Awfully good.
2. Bittersweet.
3. Same difference.
4. Original copy.

Examples:
 This show is awfully good.
 You may also be able to recall bittersweet memories with
fondness.
 The original copy destroyed, and the corrected copy placed on
the files in its head.

8. Simile

Definition:
A figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with
another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more
emphatic or vivid.

Usage:
The purpose of a simile is to make a figurative rather than a literal
comparison of one thing to another.
A simile is generally used in a sentence to make comparisons
between two or more nouns and this is done with the use of words
such as 'like' or 'as'. The general idea of using a simile with the word
'as' is by using a noun that is known for a particular quality.

Words:
1. As innocent as a lamb.
2. As tough as nails.
3. As shiny as a new pin.
4. As hot as hell.
5. As white as a ghost.
6. As bright as a button.

Examples:
 I swear, I didn't pull the fire alarm—I'm innocent as a lamb!
 Don’t try to bargain with Liz. She’s as hard as nails.
 When I gave him the news, he was as white as a ghost.
 I love his giddiness and underneath it, he's as bright as a
button.