Home Work 2

B. Tech 2nd year 3rd semester in Leather Technology

Fluid Mechanics (LT 301)

2023

1. An oil of sp .Gr. 0.8 is flowing through a venturimeter having inlet diameter 20 cm and
throat diameter 10 cm. the oil mercury differential manometer shows a reading of 25
cm. Calculate the discharge of oil through the horizontal venturimeter, Take CD = 0.98.

2. A pitot tube is used to easure the airflow in a circular duct 620 mm in diameter. The
flowing air temperature is 66°C. The pitot tube is placed at the centre of the duct and the
reading Δh on the manometer is 11.2 mm of water. A static pressure measurement
obtained at the pitot tube position is 200 mm of water above atmospheric. Calculate the
velocity at the centre. Given : The pitot tube coefficient Cp = 0.98

3. A venturimeter has inlet and throat diameters of 300 mm and 150 mm. Water flows
through it at the rate of 0·065 m2/s and the differential gauge is deflected 1·2 m. The
specific gravity of the manometric liquid is 1·6. Determine the coefficient of discharge of
the venturimeter.

4. A venturi meter having a throat diameter of 38·9 mm is installed in a line having an inside
diameter of 102·3 mm. It meters water having a density of 999 kg/m3. The measured
pressure drop across the venturi is 156·9 kPa. The venruti coefficient is 0·98. Calculate
the flow rate in m3/hr.

5. A rectangular channel 2·0 m wide has a discharge of 250 litres per second, which is
measured by a right-angled V-notch weir. Find the position of the apex of the notch from
the bed of the channel if maximum depth of water is not to exceed 1·3 m. Take Cd = 0·62.

6. An orifice meter of diameter 25 mm is installed in pipeline of diameter 50 mm for

measurement of flow rate of water. The pressure drop across the metre is 10 cm of Hg.
Find the volumetric flow rate of water if constant of meter is 0·62.

7. A heavy oil at 20°C having a density of 900 kg/m3 and a viscosity of 6 cp is flowing in a
4-in. schedule 40 steel pipe. When the flow rate is 0.0174 m3/s it is desired to have a
pressure drop reading across the manometer equivalent to 0.93 x 105 Pa. What size orifice
should be used if the orifice coefficient is assumed as 0.61? What is the permanent
pressure loss?

8. Water at 20°C is 'flowing in a 2-in. schedule 40 steel pipe. Its flow rate is measured by a
venturi meter having a throat diameter of 20 mm. The manometer reading is 214 mm of
mercury. The venturi coefficient is 0.98. Calculate the flow rate.

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9. a) Find the drag force exerted on a flat plate of size 2 m × 2 m when the plate is moving
at a speed of 4 m/s normal to its plane in (i) water, (ii) air of density 1·24 kg/m3.
Coefficient of drag is given as 1·15. b) A pitot static tube is used to measure the velocity
of water in a pipe. The stagnation pressure head is 6 m and static pressure head is 5 m.
Calculate the velocity of flow assuming the coefficient of tube equal to 0·98. c) Explain
the advantages and disadvantages of each of the following: (i) venturi meter, (ii) orifice
meter.

10. Write about the advantages of triangular notch or weir over Rectangular Notch or weir.

11. Crude oil of specific gravity 0·85 flows upwards at a volume rate of flow of 60 litre/s
through a vertical venturi meter with an inlet diameter of 200 mm and a throat diameter
of 100 mm. The coefficient of discharge of the venturi meter is 0·98. The vertical distance
between the pressure tappings is 300 mm. i) If two pressure gauges are connected at the
tappings such that they are positioned at the levels of their corresponding tapping points,
determine the difference of readings in N/cm2 of the two pressure gauges. ii) If a mercury
differential manometer is connected in place of pressure gauges to the tappings such that
the connecting tube up to mercury are filled with oil, determine the difference in the level
of the mercury column.

12. A pitot tube is used to measure the flow rate of water at 20°C in the center of a pipe having
an inside diameter of 102.3 mm. The manometer reading is 78 mm of carbon tetrachloride
at 20°C. The pitot tube coefficient is 0.98. (a) Calculate the velocity at the center and the
average velocity. (b) Calculate the volumetric flow rate of the water.