CIVIL ENGINEERING 2nd Preboard Examination REFRESHER NOV 2022

Monday, November 7, 2022 - 02:00 p.m. – 06:00 p.m. Page 1

HYDRAULICS AND PRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING SET A

INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for each of the following

questions. Mark only one answer for each item by shading the box
corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided.
STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The permeable soil layer shown has a coefficient of

permeability equal to k = 5.3 x 10^-5 m/sec.

Groundwater table (free surface)

8°

3.0 m

8°

Impervious Permeable layer

layer

Calculate the rate of seepage through the permeable soil in

m3/hr per meter width.
A. 0.0111 C. 3.080 x 10^-6
B. 2.191 x 10^-5 D. 0.0789

2. A triangular channel with the most efficient proportion

discharges water at a rate of 1 m^3/s. Assuming n = 0.018 and S
= 0.0021, calculate the normal depth of flow in meters.
A. 0.499 C. 0.768
B. 0.593 D. 0.913

3. Evaluate the plastic settlement, in mm. , on a layer of plastic

clay due to an increase of pressure caused by loads above it
under the following conditions:
Initial intergranular pressure = 200 kPa
Increase in intergranular pressure = 120 kPa
Thickness of the clay layer = 8 m.
Coefficient of consolidation = 0.315
Void ratio of the clay = 1.132
A. 503.49 C. 241.27
B. 262.22 D. 511.88

4. Find the difference in pressure between tanks A and B in the

figure shown. Use d1 = 330 mm, d2 = 160 mm, d3 = 480 mm, and d4
= 230 mm.

A. 91.5 C. 84.0
B. 104.2 D. 82.5

5. Water is pumped at a rate of 1 m^3/sec through the permeameter

in a permeability test setup involving a cylindrical soil

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HYDRAULICS AND PRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING SET A

sample 40-mm in diameter and height of 200 mm. The hydraulic

head of the test was held constant at 300 mm. In a duration of
one minute, the water collected in the graduated cylinder was
recorded at 1.5 liters. Evaluate the coefficient of
permeability of the soil sample, in cm/sec.
A. 1.45 C. 1.68
B. 1.33 D. 1.40

6. The minimum required number of boreholes per structure based on

the footprint area is summarized below as per NSCP:
Footprint area of Minimum required
structure (m^2) number of boreholes
A ≤ 50 1
50 ≤ A ≤ 500 2
2 + (A/1000)
A > 500 Rounded up to
Nearest Integer
‘A’ corresponds to the footprint area of the structure in m^2.
For a footprint area of 2500 m^2, what will be the minimum
required number of boreholes?
A. 3 C. 4
B. 5 D. 6

7. Which of the following statements are correct?

I. Detention basins are characterized by ungated outlets.
II. Detention basins are usually designed to control short,
high-intensity local storms.
III. Detention basins in the lower part of a river basin
have little effect on reducing the flood crest from a
storm moving downstream
IV. Any number of detention basins will have little
cumulative effect in reducing the peak discharge on the
downstream section of a large river unless retention is
provided over a prolonged period.
A. I, II C. I, IV
B. I, II, IV D. II, III

8. If the velocity head at one point in a pipe, at a velocity of

V1, is 5.2 m., what is the velocity head on another point in the
pipe if the velocity at this point is twice that of V1 in
meters?
A. 15.6 C. 18.0
B. 20.8 D. 23.5

9. According to the Westergaard Theory, the vertical stress at a

point below the surface of a semi-infinite, homogeneous,
isotropic soil mass due to appoint load applied at the ground
surface is given by the equation:
0.318𝑄𝑁
𝑃=
𝑧2
Where:
1
𝑁= 1.5
𝑟 2
[1 + 2 (𝑧) ]
r = horizontal distance of the point from the vertical line of
application of the load
z = depth of point below ground surface

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HYDRAULICS AND PRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING SET A

Evaluate the vertical stress, in kPa, at a point below the

ground for Q = 1500 kN if the point is 6 m. below the load but
3 m. horizontally from the application of the load.
A. 7.21 C. 1.96
B. 53 D. 13.25

10. NSCP 302.6 Drainage and Terracing

Unless otherwise indicated on the approved grading plan,
drainage facilities and terracing shall conform to the
provisions of this section for cut or fill slopes steeper than
1 unit vertical in ___ units horizontal.
A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4

11. A ship with vertical sides near the waterline weighs 4000 tons
and draws 22 ft in salt water (γ = 64.0 lb/ft3). Discharge of 200
tons of water ballast decreases the draft to 21 ft. What would
be the draft ‘d’ of the ship in fresh water (γ = 62.4 lb/ft3)?
Use 1 ton = 2000 lb.
A. 21.13 C. 21.80
B. 21.66 D. 21.49

12. A cubic tank is filled with 1.5 m of oil, SG = 0.752. Find the
force, in kN, acting on the side of the tank when the
acceleration is 4.9 m/s2 vertically upward.
A. 12.44 C. 18.67
B. 4.15 D. 6.23

13. A mercury barometer reads 660 mm. What would be the

corresponding reading (meters) in water barometer?
A. 8.98 C. 7.55
B. 7.11 D. 8.06

14. Which of the following are important factors that cause

instability in a slope and lead to failure?
I. Gravitational force
II. Force due to seepage water
III. Erosion to the surface of slopes due to flowing water
IV. The sudden lowering of water adjacent to the slope
V. Forces due to earthquakes
A. II, III, V C. II, III, IV, V
B. I, II, III, V D. All of the above

Situational

Situation 1 - A triangular gate having a horizontal base 1.0 meter

long and an altitude of 1.5 m is inclined at 45° from the vertical
with the vertex pointing upward. The vertex of the gate is 2.4 m.
vertically below the surface of the water.

15. Evaluate the total force on the gate, in kN.

A. 25.64 C. 20.48
B. 22.86 D. 19.96

16. Locate the point of action of the total force from the bottom
of the gate along its plane, in meters.
A. 0.648 C. 0.472
B. 0.554 D. 0.394

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HYDRAULICS AND PRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING SET A

17. What normal force, in kN, must be applied at the vertex of the
gate to open it if it is hinged at the base?
A. 8.50 C. 7.19
B. 6.66 D. 7.56

Situation 2 - A 3-meter-high retaining wall supports a horizontal

backfill composed of two layers of soil. The upper 2-meter soil has a
unit weight of 15.7 kN/m3 and angle of friction of 30° while the
lower 1-meter has a unit weight of 18.9 kN/m3, angle of friction of
26°, and cohesion of 2 kPa. Water table is encountered at a depth of
2 meters below the ground surface.

18. What is the total active force acting on the wall in kN per
linear meter?
A. 24.55 C. 27.77
B. 26.91 D. 25.13

19. Determine the distance of this force from the top of the wall.
A. 2.087 C. 1.006
B. 0.913 D. 1.994

20. What is the total active moment on the wall in kN-m per linear
meter?
A. 24.55 C. 25.13
B. 27.77 D. 26.91

Situation 3 - In a constant head test in the laboratory, the

following are given: Length of soil specimen = 25 cm.; Area = 105
cm2. If the value of the hydraulic conductivity is 0.014 cm/sec, and
a flow rate of 120 cm3/min must be maintained through the soil,
determine the following:

21. Head difference across the specimen

A. 43.10 C. 2040.82
B. 34.01 D. 2480.20

22. Discharge velocity under the test condition, in cm/s

A. 0.021 C. 0.017
B. 0.014 D. 0.019

23. Seepage velocity if the porosity of the soil is 0.20, in cm/s

A. 0.095 C. 0.016
B. 0.114 D. 0.019

Situation 4 - A cylinder having a diameter of 1.20 m. and weighing 800

N is held in position in sea water (SG = 1.03) by a cable tied to an
anchor block resting at the bottom of the sea such that 0.30 m. of the
cylinder is below the surface of the water with its axis vertical. The
anchor block has a volume of 0.50 m3 and weighs 24 kN/m3 in air. Neglect
the weight and volume of the cable.

24. Evaluate the buoyant force on the cylinder for the position
described, in kN.
A. 3.43 C. 3.23
B. 3.33 D. 3.13

25. Evaluate the tensile force in the cable for the given draft of
the cylinder, in kN.
A. 2.43 C. 2.53

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HYDRAULICS AND PRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING SET A

B. 2.33 D. 2.63

26. Evaluate the rise in the tide that will lift the anchor from the
bottom of the sea, in meters.
A. 0.391 C. 0.412
B. 0.378 D. 0.398

Situation 5 - Water flows from a large tank through an orifice (d =

3”) and against a block as shown. The water jet strikes the block at
the vena contracta. The block weighs 50 lb., and the coefficient of
friction between the block and floor is 0.57. Use C = 0.60, Cc =
0.62.

Water
tank

y
W Block

1.0 ft

27. What is the discharge (ft3/s) at the vena contracta?

A. 0.707 C. 0.850
B. 0.669 D. 0.551

28. What is the velocity (ft/s) at the vena contracta?

A. 17.309 C. 21.983
B. 18.469 D. 23.243

29. What is the minimum height to which water must rise in the tank
in order to start the block moving to the right?
A. 9.958 C. 9.012
B. 13.923 D. 13.004

Situation 6 - A soil in its natural state has a moisture content of

30% and unit weight of 16 kN/m^3. The specific gravity of the soil
particles is 2.50.

30. Evaluate the void ratio of the soil sample.

A. 0.973 C. 0.677
B. 0.875 D. 0.993

31. Obtain the dry unit weight in kN/m^3.

A. 12.1 C. 12.3

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HYDRAULICS AND PRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING SET A

B. 10.8 D. 13.6

32. Evaluate the degree of saturation in percent.

A. 78.6 C. 75.6
B. 90.2 D. 62.3

Situation 7 - Consider the downward flow of water through a granular

soil in the tank shown. The water level in the soil tank in held
constant by adjusting the supply from the top and the outflow at the
bottom. For the soil, the following are given: void ratio = 0.52,
specific gravity of solids = 2.67.

Inflow

1.0 m 0.9
A m

4.0 m
6.0 m C

Valve
(open)
Outflow

33. Calculate the effective stress at point B in kPa.

A. 73.50 C. 64.74
B. 133.34 D. 55.92

34. Calculate the effective stress at point C in kPa.

A. 51.94 C. 49.00
B. 45.32 D. 37.23

35. What is the downward seepage force, in kN per unit volume of

soil (kN/m3)?
A. 1.47 C. 2.45
B. 8.83 D. 3.48

Situation 8 - A liquid has a mass of 100 kg. and a volume of 0.05541

m3. Determine its:

36. Density
A. 1084.37 kg/m3 C. 1804.73
B. 1843.70 D. 1708.34

37. Unit Weight

A. 16.76 kN/m3 C. 18.09
B. 17.70 D. 10.64

38. Specific Gravity

A. 1.80 C. 1.71
B. 1.84 D. 1.08

Situation 9 - A barge floating in fresh water has the form of a

parallelepiped having dimensions 10 m x 30 m by 3 m. It weighs 4,500

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HYDRAULICS AND PRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING SET A

kN when loaded with center of gravity along its vertical axis 4 m.

form the bottom.

39. Determine the draft of the barge.

A. 1.529 C. 3.000
B. 0.765 D. 2.472

40. Determine the metacentric height about its longest centerline.

(Rolling)
A. 5.450 C. 2.215
B. 1.450 D. 2.979

41. Determine the metacentric height about its shortest centerline.

(Pitching)
A. 49.052 C. 46.581
B. 45.052 D. 45.816

Situation 10 - A layer of clay 8.6 m. thick is overlain by a deposit

of sand 15.2 m. thick to ground surface. When the water table is at
ground surface level, the saturated unit weight of the sand was
determined to be 21.2 kN/m3 for which its dry unit weight is 18.2
kN/m3. The saturated unit weight of clay is 18.8 kN/m3. When the
ground water table lowered by 7.6 m., the degree of saturation of the
sand above the water table was lowered to 30%, At the mid-height of
the clay layer,

42. Evaluate the effective pressure (kPa) before lowering of the

water table.
A. 213.48 C. 215.01
B. 211.79 D. 209.67

43. Evaluate the effective pressure (kPa) after lowering of the

water table.
A. 270.38 C. 263.54
B. 265.11 D. 269.39

44. Evaluate the effective pressure (kPa) when there is no water in

the sand layer but remain in moist condition at the same degree
of saturation.
A. 320.18 C. 315.30
B. 324.44 D. 328.98

Situation 11 - A rectangular tank of internal width 7 m. partitioned

as shown, it contains oil and water. Assume unit weight of water is
9.79 kN/m3.

45. If the oil has a SP of 0.84, find its depth, h.

A. 1.048 C. 0.985
B. 0.857 D. 1.190

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HYDRAULICS AND PRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING SET A

46. If a 900 N block of wood is floated in oil, what is the volume

of wood submerged?
A. 0.10944 C. 0.19440
B. 0.09487 D. 0.08479

47. If a 900 N block of wood is floated in oil, what is the rise in

free surface of the water in contact with air?
A. 8.755 C. 7.485
B. 17.511 D. 15.890

Situation 12 - A solid object (SG = 7.3) is placed on a container

filled with mercury.

48. What fraction of the volume of the solid floats above the
surface of the container?
A. 0.537 C. 0.000
B. 0.999 D. 0.463

49. If the volume of the object below the liquid surface is 0.014
m3, what is the weight of the object?
A. 0.0261 C. 1.0026
B. 1.8678 D. 0.0075

50. What load applied vertically that would cause the object to be
fully submerged?
A. 1.6120 C. 3.4798
B. 1.8678 D. 3.8876

--- END ---

WARNING: Failure to submit your Test Questions (Complete) set will
cause the cancellation of your Test-Results for the
subject.

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