Erican CAE-Level English (Chapter 8)

ERICAN ONLINE EDUCATION
Erican Teen Learners Programme

CAE
Certificate in
Advance English
Venus
Arts and Lifestyle

Class Code: ETLP-CAE-V-SB08
ETLP-CAE-V-01 SB TA -08
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READING TASK 1
CAE Reading - Part 6
1 You are going to read four extracts from online articles about
sports psychology. Before reading the article, look at the image
given above. What does the image above depict? How would you related the
image to sports psychology? List down your ideas and discuss it verbally with
your classmates.
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2 Now, read the extracts given below about sports psychology and answer the
questions accordingly.
Sports Psychology: A Valid Discipline?

A Dorothy Common
Is the ever growing discipline of sports psychology contributing effectively to sporting
performance or is it, as many people think, “simply the art of stating the blindingly
obvious”? I have certainly seen evidence that those in journalistic circles are yet to be
fully convinced. And it is certainly true that sport psychologists should strive to increase
the sophistication of their approaches to research, making use of more reliable
scientific methods. Yet it’s a shame that people should be so skeptical. Essentially,
sports psychology asks this simple question: considering the undeniable role mental
life plays in deciding the outcomes of our sporting efforts, why is mental training not
incorporated to the equivalent degree into the athlete’s typical training? If, say, a track
sprinter is susceptible to letting their head get the better of them (temper issues,
nerves, anxiety), then why should they spend their training just working on their
strengths (the physical side)?
В Jahangir Khan
There is a popular view, largely based on a well-known case with a prominent runner,
that sports psychology is something for treating athletes with mental disorders. This
has no basis in fact and stems from making assumptions based on a limited
understanding of psychology and how it is used in applied settings. In my area of
particular expertise, football, rugby and hockey, there exists a culture of what one
psychologist calls ‘folk psychology’. That is, there are usually individuals (typically an
older dominant coach) who communicate non-scientific words of wisdom which,
consciously or unconsciously, affect everyone, usually to detrimental effect in the long
run. Think of a young player who is told to ‘dig deep’ and give it ‘110%’ consistently.
This gives a mental aspect to training that is non-scientific and misguided. But this is
in stark contrast to the reality of modern day psychology research, which is based
upon rigorous scientific methodologies.
C Brian D. Rossweller
Research into sports psychology is increasingly evidence-based, using the gold
standard methodology of randomised control group designs. Nevertheless, using the
term ‘psychology’ in relation to psychological efforts with athletes, especially those
involved in team sports, can be both an asset and a hindrance to understanding the
field. Psychology as a field has become much more acceptable in social life. It seems
that every time a person flicks through the television channels they are likely to see a
psychologist talking about something or other. Thus people tend to view psychologists,
including those seen on sports programmes, as knowledgeable and as providing
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information useful to everyday life. However, the flip side is that most people know
someone who sees a clinical psychologist or therapist for a mind-related problem. In
our society there has been a stigma attached to such problems and so many people
have attached negative connotations to seeing a psychologist and may misunderstand
the nature of seeing a sports psychologist.
D Xiu Li
There is still some distance between research and coaching practice. Sports
psychology has been able to develop a relatively significant research base in the last
fifteen years; aided by general experimental researchers often using athletes as an
easily identifiable and obtainable population. Yet, as a practicing sports psychologist I
recently observed an athletics coach, whose reaction to a promising middle-distance
runner losing a winning position on the last lap was to prioritise developing a sprint
finish. What he didn’t address was the fact that the runner failed to focus whenever he
got overtaken. Then again, I also witnessed some baseball coaches doing some work
– which I would have been proud of in my professional capacity – on assessing and
profiling strengths and weaknesses, and also on performance anxiety. So things vary,
and some trainers are clearly more knowledgeable than others. But it is not surprising
that, as a result, public conceptions are confused on the issue.
Which expert …
1. shares Khan’s opinion on why public misconceptions about sports psychology have
occurred? _______
2. has a different view from Khan on whether some psychological training used in team
sports is helpful to the players? _______
3. has a different view from Rossweller on how the media regard sports psychologists?
_______
4. has a different opinion from the other three experts on the current state of research
in sports psychology? _______
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3 Given below are 10 common athlete thinking errors (1 – 10), match the each
error with its reasoning (a – j). Work with a partner.
1. Jumping to Conclusion
2. Mental Filtering
3. Personalisation
4. Catastrophising
5. Labelling
6. Over Generalisation
7. Disqualifying Positives
8. Shoulds and Musts
9. Black and White Thinking
10. Emotional Reasoning
a. You feel a specific way you believe it to be true. ______

b. You take one bad event and generalize it to other areas of your ______
life.
c. You dismiss or discount any positive experiences. ______
d. You think of things in terms of should, musts and oughts. ______
e. Everything is seen as good or bad or a success or failure. ______
f. You assign labels to yourself or other people. E.g. “I am ______
useless”.
g. You start predicting the future or mind reading. ______
h. You focus on the negatives and filter out any positive aspects. ______
i. You blame yourself for something that was not your fault. ______
j. You start to blow things out of proportions. ______
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CAE Reading - Part 7
1 Discuss verbally with a partner, when normally you use the
phrases given below: (Speaking Task 1)
a) “Suddenly, I realized”
b) “Now I understand”
c) “It came to me in a flash”
d) “I now knew”
e) “I finally understood that”
f) “All of sudden I knew what I had to do”
g) “The thought came to me”
h) “Suddenly, I saw something”
i) “For the first time in my life, I didn’t know”
2 Have you heard of “the AHA Moment”? If no, look up online for the meaning /
reasoning for the AHA Moment, then share your finding with your fellow classmates.
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3 You are going to read an article about an outstanding individual. Six
paragraphs have been removed from the article. Six paragraphs have been
removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A – G the one which fits
each gap (1-6). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.
Jonah Lehrer: The Prodigy Who Lights up Your Brain
There is a moment familiar to anyone who has ever frittered away innocent hours
watching old cartoons. It occurs when Wile E Coyote, Elmer Fudd, Popeye or any of
dozens of animated characters gets a sudden moment of insight. With a flash, a light
bulb appears above their heads, shining brightly to illuminate the darkness of whatever
dilemma they faced. Aha!
1.________
That little nugget of information – blending culture and science – is the essence of the
remarkable rise of Jonah Lehrer. He is a contributing editor at Wired, has published
three books, is a prolific blogger and counts publications from the Wall Street Journal
to the Washington Post as home. The New York Times has called him a ‘popular
science prodigy’ and the Los Angeles Times once hailed him ‘an important new
thinker’.
2.________
Lehrer’s own ‘aha moment’ came while he worked in the laboratory of acclaimed
neuropsychiatrist Eric Kandel. As Lehrer helped in Kandel’s lab on a project to study
the molecular links between smell and memory, he was well on his way to one
important discovery. ‘What I discovered was that I was a terrible scientist,’ he later told
one interviewer.
3.________
That was the end of Lehrer’s prospects as a scientist but the beginning of a writing
career acting as an interpreter between two worlds: the sciences and the humanities.
After he graduated from Columbia in 2003, he became a Rhodes scholar, travelling to
Oxford. He arrived with a plan to study science but rapidly changed it to literature and
theology.
4.________
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There is no doubt Lehrer is very smart. He was born on 25 June 1981 in the Los
Angeles neighbourhood of Los Feliz. His father, David, is a civil rights lawyer and his
mother, Ariella, developed educational software. It was a happy, middle-class home
under sunny Californian skies with parents that encouraged their son’s manic curiosity.
5.________
Prompted by a baffling moment trying to pick out a box of Cheerios on an aisle

crowded with scores of different cereal brands, Lehrer looked at human decision-
making. He took dramatic individual decisions – a pilot landing a stricken plane, a
Superbowl pass, a poker playing physicist – and looked at the neurology behind them.
He examined how different parts of the brain took on different decisions and how that
made an impact on the world.
6.________
Art and human emotions — all our failures, foibles and triumphs – may just be
chemicals and firing neurons but Lehrer’s words make them sing all the same.
Missing Paragraphs:
A
That tome was followed up by a third offering in the shape of Imagine, which looks at
how neurology and creativity interact. Far from showing how innovations come to one-
off geniuses, he reveals how solid science lies behind the creative process, which can
be understood neurologically and thus nurtured.
В
But no matter. For Lehrer had started reading Marcel Proust on his way to work; in
particular, he became engrossed with Proust’s explorations of how smell could trigger
memory. Lehrer once described the moment thus: “I realised that Proust and modern
neuroscience shared a vision of how our memory works.”
C
“I remember Mom patiently listening as I prattled on about my latest interests” Lehrer
told me. An interest in science was always there. He recalled stepping into a lab for
the first time. “It seemed like a magician’s lair” he said. He followed up on Proust by
diving further into the borderland between neurology and human experience in 2009’s
How We Decide.
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D
After shining at school, Lehrer went to Columbia, where he met his wife-to-be, Sarah
Liebowitz, in a Shakespeare class. She went with him to Britain, where she worked for
the Boston Globe’s London bureau. They have an eleven-month daughter called Rose
and the family lives in the Hollywood Hills.
E
All of which is not bad for someone who is only thirty. Lehrer’s stock-in-trade is the
boundary between science and the humanities. He strives to link art and neurology:
how chemical reactions within three pounds of squidgy grey matter inside our skulls
actually make us love, laugh and lead our lives.
F
He also ended up living in London. It was here he began to work on his first book,
Proust was a neuroscientist, which was published in 2007, and began a successful
journalism career. Lehrer took a look at numerous cultural figures and studied how
their work foreshadowed the research of neuroscience.
G
It is harmless fun. But, according to popular science wunderkind Jonah Lehrer, also
literally true. There is indeed a part of the brain associated with a sudden ‘aha moment’
of the type linked to key breakthroughs of luminaries such as Isaac Newton and
Archimedes. When you get a sudden insight, it registers a huge spike in activity, just
like that light bulb.
4 Complete the given phrases below with any appropriate sentences expressing
AHA Moment.
1. Suddenly, I realized _______________________________________________

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2. I finally understood that _____________________________________________
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3. For the first time in my life, I didn’t know ________________________________
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USE OF ENGLISH TASK 1
1 For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (А, В, C or
D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
A success story — or is it?
Success, like beauty, lies in the 0 eye of the beholder. How one person chooses to
define it can be very different from how others perceive it. For some people, it’s earning
a fortune, 1_______ for others it’s working in a voluntary position helping those less
fortunate. It’s also relative rather than 2_______ because the person who 3_______
a new skill has achieved success in their terms just as much as the self-made
millionaire.
Ironically, there may also be an underlying contradiction in the term. 4_______, an

actress who has a glamorous life and seems to have everything she wants may
actually be troubled by the loss of her 5_______ life as paparazzi invade her personal
6_______.
It also has something to do with the length of time success 7_______. Many young
people are happy with short-term fame but 8_______ it’s true that reaching that one
goal might be comparatively straightforward, maintaining that success is often much
harder. And surely, it’s long-term success that is ultimately the most satisfying and
also the most enviable?
0 A eye B look C sight D view
1 A as B while C so D since
2 A total B whole C complete D absolute
3 A wins В earns C gets D masters
4 A After all В At first C At once D Apart from
5 A secret В private C individual D separate
6 A zone В area C space D place
7 A goes В holds C keeps D lasts
8 A despite B even C although D however
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2 Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only
one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.
Example: (0) ANY
Allergies
Put simply, an allergy is a disorder in which the body over-reacts to harmless

substances which in normal circumstances should not produce any reaction at all. An
allergy can occur in almost 0 any part of your body, and can 1. ______ caused by just
about anything. But mainly, allergies become evident on parts of the body directly
exposed 2. _____ the outside world. Certain allergies occur only at certain times of
the year, while 2. _____ are there all the time. Those 4. _____ occur all the year round
and are probably caused by something you come into contact 5. _____ every day of
your life, some seemingly harmless object such as your deodorant or the pillow you
lie on each night. Allergies can occur at any time during your life, 6. ____ usually do
so before your fortieth birthday. Sometimes the symptoms are 7. ______ slight you do
not even know you have an allergy, and it may take years for an allergy to become
noticeable. Sometimes it comes and 8. _____ for no apparent reason and with no
regularity.
1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. ____________________
4. ____________________
5. ____________________
6. ____________________
7. ____________________
8. ____________________
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VOCABULARY TASK 1
1 Use your knowledge of the vocabulary words below to answer the following
questions.
smog hazardous murky contamination emissions

tailpipe fuels acrid particles pollutants
vulnerable hostility mobilise adhere collating
1) This word means to stick to or attach to a thing, cause, ___________________
or idea.
2) This is something that makes the air heavy and foggy. ___________________
3) This means to separate and organize, usually papers. ___________________
4) This word is a synonym for dangerous. ___________________
5) We burn these to power something like machinery. ___________________
6) When we gather resources or come together as a ___________________
group, we?
7) Something with a strong, horrible taste or smell is ___________________
what?
8) This word is what is monitored to test for pollutants. ___________________
9) When these are released it can be hazardous to our ___________________
help.
10) This word refers to small bits of something, usually ___________________
difficult to see.
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2 Choose the word that best completes each sentence.
1) The crowd showed much more __________________ (hostility, hazardous,

smog) than was necessary at the protest.
2) The tiniest _______________ (emissions, adhere, particles) can be taken into
our bodies without us even realizing it.
3) _________________ (adhere, pollutants, acrid) can come from many sources
and enter our food, water, or air.
4) The _____________ (murky, acrid, vulnerable) water looked unsafe for
consumption.
5) Runoff from the factory caused _______________ (emissions, contamination,
acrid) of the water.
6) _______________ (emissions, acrid, particles) from the power plant were
problematic.
7) The group was ______________ (hostility, vulnerable, collating), but able to
________________ (mobilise, collating, hazardous) their resources.
8) The _______________ (particles, collating, tailpipe) fell off the car.
9) The ________________ (acrid, murky, fuels) scent wafted through the air.
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3 Complete the speech below with the correct choice of words given in the
parentheses.
Fellow coworkers, friends, and family, I stand before you today to discuss the
_______________________ (mobilise, murky, pollutants) that have created the
_______________________ (smog, murky, particles) we see and walk through
daily when outdoors. The local chemical plants and even our own actions add to the
_______________________ (adhere, vulnerable, hazardous) conditions that are
around us in the air and water. The __________________ (contamination, particles,
acrid) levels in this town are far too high. We need to _______________________
(murky, mobilise, vulnerable) our resources and ourselves so we can make a
change in our hometown. The change may be small, but every little bit helps. We are
not just _______________________ (vulnerable, acrid, collating) babies who have
no way to change how life is lived. We can learn to _________________ (emissions,
adhere, collating) to certain lifestyle choices that make a difference. By doing simple
things like carpooling to work, we can reduce ___________________ (particles,
fuels, emissions) and save fossil _____________________ (particles, fuels,
contamination). By doing this, the __________________ (acrid, pollutants, murky)
scent that hangs in our air will be limited and we can breathe freely. We will not face
this with ____________________ (collating, mobilise, hostility), but with a plan and
real change. Thank you.
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GRAMMAR TASK 1
PRESENT PERFECT TENSES
1 Fill in the blanks with has or have. Also, fill the past participle of verb:
1. His father ____________________ (come) home.

2. Everyone ____________________ (finish) eating.
3. The Boys ____________________ (give) the exam.
4. I ____________________ (put) on my clothes.
5. All the passengers ____________________ (buy) the tickets.
6. I ____________________ (not receive) salary yet.
7. The sun _____________not ___________ (set) yet.
8. You _____________not ___________ (reach) the top of the tree.
9. _____________you ___________ (send) the application?
10. How many boys _____________ (give) the exam?
11. Why _____________he not _____________ (eat)?
12. How much money _____________he _____________ (withdraw) from the bank?
13. _____________he been _____________ (bite) by a dog?
14. Somebody _____________ (cut) my pocket.
15. David's father _____________ (die) of cholera.
16. I _____________not __________(see) my red jacket
17. _____________you _____________ (eat) the pasta I made?
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2 Change the following sentences as instructed:
1. Has he just left? (Change to negative)

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2. I have not made dinner yet. (Change to affirmative)

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3. Have you send the message to the boss? (Change to affirmative)

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4. They have lost their cat. (Change to interrogative)

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5. Have you been to Los Angeles? ( Change to negative)

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6. Why have they brought cheap bread and butter? (Change to affirmative)
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7. I have seen the Jungle Book. (Change to negative)

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8. I have not eaten a cupcake. (Change to interrogative)

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9. Has Kevin found a job yet? (Change to affirmative)
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10. You have not finish your lunch yet. (Change to interrogative)
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11. It has rained a lot this year. (Change to negative)
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12. My father has had a driving license. (Change to interrogative)
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13. Have you ever met a film star? (Change to affirmative)

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3 Underline the correct time expressions in the following sentences.
1. Mount Nyiragongo in Goma, Congo has not erupted (for, since) twenty-five years.
2. The earthquake in Gujerat, India is the most destructive we have seen (since, for)
the earthquake in Kobe, Japan.
3. His relationship with his classmates has worsened (for, since) they accused him of
stealing their money last week.
4. Dr Murray has lived among the indigenous people of Brazil (since, for) three years.
5. Sophia Loren and Catherine Deneuve have been in Malaysia (since, for) a week
to promote their new film.
6. (Since, For) my mother stopped working at Mosanto a year ago, she has taken up
computer and business courses. She is planning to work from home.
7. The police have patrolled the housing area nightly (since, for) the convicts escaped
from the Kajang Prison three nights ago.
8. He has presented several papers at local and international conferences (since, for)
he retired two years ago.
9. Peter has been very eager to study at Monash University in Australia (since, for)
he attended the Education fair last year.
10. (Since, For) she returned from the United kingdom with a master’s degree in
education, she has introduced many changes in her school.
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LISTENING TASK 1
1 You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer
(A, В or C) which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions
for each extract. (ETLP-CAE-V-08-Listening Task 1 (1))
Extract One
You hear part of an interview with a broadcaster who is talking about a series of
programmes he presented about landscape painting.
1. Why did he decide to include a picture by a politician?

A to point out how painting helps people in different ways
В to show some interesting points about styles of painting
C to stress that amateur art can equal professional painting
2. How does he feel about the process of drawing?

A The activity relaxes him
В He is ashamed of the results
C Concentrating on it is exciting
Extract Two
You hear an amateur pilot called Gina Nesbit talking about doing aerobatics in her
small plane.
3. What does Gina find hard about learning new aerobatic movements?
A It is difficult to practise without any instructions
В Trying out some of them makes her feel sick at first
C She can get nervous flying the plane unaccompanied
4. What gives Gina most pleasure when taking part in competitions?

A the relief she feels after completing a sequence of actions
В the satisfaction of knowing she has performed accurately
C the pride she takes in preparing as thoroughly as possible
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Extract Three
You overhear a chef called George talking to a friend about his daily routine.
5. What does George appreciate most about riding a motorbike?

A It allows him to avoid the traffic jams on the way to work
В It reminds him of when he was a teenager
C It gives him some time for himself
6. Which is George’s favourite object in his house?

A the kitchen table
В the shower
C the cooker
2 You will hear an art teacher called Rosa Weston giving a talk about making
mosaics works of art that are made out of small pieces of glass and stone.
Complete the sentences below accordingly. (ETLP-CAE-V-08-Listening Task 1 (2))
Making mosaics
1. Rosa feels that the real experts in mosaics were the ________.
2. Rosa says that the greatest changes have occurred in the ________ of mosaics.
3. Until recently, modern mosaics were mostly found in _______ and swimming pools.
4. Rosa says that the process of making mosaics calls for both ________ and
________.
5. Most students attend what’s called a ________ as part of their course.
6. Rosa admits that making mosaics can be compared to doing ________.
7. Rosa gives the example of ashtrays and ________ as objects that are now being
made using mosaics.
8. Rosa has even considered putting a mosaic border on ________.
1. _________________________ 5. _________________________
2. _________________________ 6. _________________________
3. _________________________ 7. _________________________
4. _________________________ 8. _________________________
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3 You will hear part of a radio programme in which two people, Sally White and
Martin Jones, are discussing the popularity of audio books. Choose the answer
(А, В, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear.
(ETLP-CAE-V-08-Listening Task 1 (3))
1. Sally feels that the main advantage of audio books is that they
A encourage children to read more
В make more books accessible to children
C save parents from having to read to children
D are read by experienced actors
2. What does Martin say about the woman who came into his shop?
A She no longer worries about long journeys
В Her children used to argue about what to listen to
C She no longer takes her children to France
D Her children don’t like staying in hotels
3. Martin says that in the USA there is a demand for audio books because people
there
A were the first to obtain audio books
В have to drive long distances
C are used to listening to the spoken word on the radio
D feel that they do not have time to read books
4. Sally says that authors may record their own books on tape if
A their book has just been published
В they want it read a certain way
C they have already read extracts from it aloud
D there are no suitable actors available
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5. According to Sally, successful abridgements depend on
A their closeness to the original
В the length of the original
C the style of the author
D the type of story
6. Martin feels that unabridged versions

A are better than abridgements
В can be too expensive
C contain too much detail
D are becoming more popular
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WRITING TASK 1
1 Look at these different ways of giving advice to someone.
 You ought to …….
 Its’ best to …..
 It might be a good idea to …..
 What about …..?
 If I were you, I‘d …..
 You could always ……
 You must ….
 Why don’t you ….?
Now, discuss with your classmates and make notes of which phrases you would
use to offer a strong recommendation and which you would use to offer more
tentative advice.
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2 Add to the list two or three more phrases of your own.

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3 Imagine that a British friend of yours has received an invitation to a traditional
Malay wedding in your country and has written to you for your advice.
Dear Bet,
How are you? Guess what? Do you remember the girl I
worked with when I last visited Malaysia? Siti, she is getting
married at the end of the month and was kind enough to send
me an invitation. Apparently her family is really traditional
and it’s going to be a big affair. I want to be part of the
wedding in every way especially the attire, therefore, please
tell me all about a traditional Malay wedding in your country.
My flight to Malaysia is on 23rd February and ………………..
Write a suitable reply to your friend’s letter. Reassure your friend by briefly
describing what normally happens at a traditional wedding and by offering
appropriate advice on what to wear, what sort of present to give, and generally
hoe to behave. Write approximately 250 words.
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READING TASK 2
1 You are going to read a magazine article about dog-training process. Choose
the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text for the
questions below.
A Working Life: The Guide Dog Trainer
As mobility instructor for Guide Dogs for the Blind, Gareth Evans has the rewarding
job of matching dogs to their owners.
I’m blindfolded and frightened. Cars are roaring past as I stumble along busy
Leamington Spa pavements, terrified I’ll unwittingly stray into the path of a vehicle. But
Spriggs, the black Labrador whose brown training harness I’m desperately clinging to,
soon has me at ease, calmly steering me around hidden obstacles, pedestrians,
workmen and parked cars with every wag of his tail. Spriggs is close to finishing his
training with Guide Dogs for the Blind and will soon be partnered with a visually
impaired person.
At some point Spriggs will have been tutored by Gareth Evans, a local man who has
worked with the charity for close to sixteen years. ‘It has to be a partnership when you
take on a guide dog,’ he explains. ‘We can only get the dogs to a certain level and
then the owners have to take over and they will get out of that partnership what they
put in.’ Evans grew up in nearby Warwick surrounded by puppies – his family were
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regular ‘puppy walkers’ for the charity, the name given to families that look after a
puppy for its first 12-14 months before handing it back for training, as well as breeders.
‘Guide dogs have always been in my life and I’d always wanted to work for the charity.’
He achieved that ambition when he was nineteen, spending five years working in the
kennels before a broken wrist led him to shadow the organisation’s rehab workers,
who provide training and guidance to help people live independently. ‘What impressed
me most was how you could give someone the smallest piece of advice, some of it
not even related to dogs, that would make a huge difference to their lives, such as how
to make the text on their television screen bigger,’ he remembers. ‘So I retrained as a
rehab worker and did that for eight years.’ Four years ago he became a mobility
instructor for the charity, which means that as well as finishing off the dogs’ tuition with
advanced training, he helps match dogs to owners, provides support while they get to
know each other and makes annual aftercare visits.
Evans thinks there are many myths about the role of guide dogs. ‘A lot of people think
they take their owners for a walk, that the owner says, “Right, off to the fish and chips
shop, please,” and the dog takes them there,’ he says. ‘The owners are the ones in
control and who need to know where they are going. The dog is only helping them
look out for roads and obstacles, it’s not actually taking them anywhere – although if it
learns a route, it might pop into a shop if the owner visits frequently.’ He talks of the
occasional embarrassment suffered by owners whose guide dogs betray their love of
takeaways by padding into the kebab shop even if the owner wishes to walk past.
When I am blindfolded and partnered with Spriggs for my walk, I immediately realise
how big a jump it is from trusting your own eyesight to trusting that a dog will guide
you safely around town. For the first five minutes I am genuinely scared that my life is
held in the paws of a canine I’ve never met but I slowly become attuned to Spriggs’s
subtle movements when he pulls me to the left or right to avoid obstacles or as he
prepares to stop at a kerb. I marvel as he obeys my command to turn right at one
pavement edge. All the while Evans is telling me what to do, how to give the dog
feedback, to pat him affectionately when he has done well, along with numerous other
instructions.
By the time I take the blindfold off, I have genuinely bonded with Spriggs, to the extent
that Evans jokes: ‘I’d better check your bag to see you haven’t stolen him,’ and I get
an inkling of the incredible bond that dogs and owners must share. On the train back
to London I spot one of Spriggs’s black hairs on my leg and it reminds me of my
childhood pet Sid, a Jack Russell terrier I still miss to this day. It then strikes me why
Evans has been with Guide Dogs for the Blind for so many years: when you are a key
part in forging so many beautiful relationships, partnerships that lead to vastly
improved lives, why would you want to work anywhere else?
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Questions:
1. Why does the writer start to feel more relaxed in the first paragraph?
A He knows he will shortly regain his sight.
В He has survived a difficult experience.
C He begins to have faith in his guide.
D He is approaching the end of the journey.
2. Gareth believes that a successful guide dog is ultimately the result of

A the breeding and quality of the dog.
В the level of training the dog is given.
C the early stages of care when they are young.
D the interaction between owner and dog.
3. When working in rehabilitation, Gareth was

A encouraged by the degree of independence the blind people had.
В surprised by the value of his own contributions.
C confident that he could learn from the experience.
D undeterred by his physical problems.
4. The writer mentions the ‘fish and chip shop’ to

A illustrate the talents of a good guide dog.
В correct a common illusion.
C explain a difficult procedure.
D emphasise the importance of training done by owners.
5. When taking part in the experiment, the writer believes that

A being in control of the dog is a very powerful feeling.
В knowing how to direct the dog takes time.
C relying on the dog takes considerable courage.
D reacting to the dog’s affection is important.
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6. What is the writer’s reaction to the experience?
A He would like to do the same work.
В He can identify with the satisfaction Gareth gets from his job.
C He values the experience of being dependent on a guide dog.
D He wishes that he could have another dog of his own.
Reading Part 8
1 You are going to read four movie series reviews. For questions below,
choose from the sections of the article (A-D). The sections may be chosen
more than once. Which reviewer(s) …
1 states the film he liked least? _____

2 mentions the difficulty in following the story plot? _____
3 criticises how one of the directors managed the film production? _____
4 gives importance to how the characters respond to some tragic events? _____
5 supports a venue’s decision to run the film? _____
6 implies that the film will not appeal to a certain group of people? _____
7 liked the acting? _____
8 wouldn’t have noticed that the trilogy was meant for TV viewers? _____
9 suggests how some people may find it difficult to understand? _____
10 says one film is good thanks to the feelings of one of the characters? _____
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Red Riding Trilogy
(A) The “Red Riding” films all come across as great, gritty tales of police corruption
and human failing, but it’s the first film that has the most impact, mainly because the
young reporter Dunford is such a mix of romantic notions — he’s going to solve the
crime and save the girl. Such optimism runs dead against reality in these films. Mix
the best episodes of the superb British crime series “Prime Suspect” with the current
real-feel cinema (“Fish Tank”) coming out of England and you’ve got a sense of what
“Red Riding” is about. The key isn’t the murders; the key is the reactions to the murders
on a breadth of levels, and those reactions lay bare gray and grave souls. Each film
works well separately, although 1983 is necessarily dependent on 1974, but taken as
one great sweep of a dark hand, “Red Riding” stands as a wrenching tale of power
abused and lives discarded. It is powerful stuff.
(B) Red Riding is a challenge. The convoluted story is not easily summarized and it
demands constant viewer attention. A two-minute trip to the lavatory or snack bar can
be deadly. For American audiences, there is an additional problem: some of the
accents are so thick that it can be difficult to decipher dialogue and entire passages
may be missed. I’m generally not in favor of subtitling English movies in English, but
this is one occasion when such an approach might have been helpful. There are times
when the movie is slow going. Patience is rewarded not only in the second half of this
film, when the violence mounts and secrets are revealed, but during the subsequent
productions, when a degree of familiarity with the initial narrative bears fruit. Red
Riding: 1974 is the weakest of the three Red Riding films, but it is effective at setting
the stage, introducing some of the characters, and capturing the attention of those
who love gritty, uncompromising dramas about police corruption and the dark side of
human nature.
(C)
There’s a good reason the indie-minded Zeitgeist Multi-Disciplinary Arts Center has
turned over its programming for the next three weeks to the superb and ambitious
“Red Riding” film trilogy: because “Red Riding” isn’t so much a film series as it is a film
event, and it deserves to be treated as such. Inspired by author David Peace’s neo-
noir “Red Riding Quartet” novels, it is ambitious, it is gripping and it is dark. It’s also
entirely irresistible cinema, an uncompromising and hard-to-turn-away-from nightmare
in three acts. With its muted colours but unmuted violence, the beautifully shot “Red
Riding” is similar both tonally and texturally to David Fincher’s superb 2007 thriller
“Zodiac” about another 1970s serial killer. It’s also just as disturbing. “Red Riding” is
so richly produced, in fact, and so cinematic, that it’s easy to forget it and its sister
films were produced for British television, airing on England’s Channel 4 last spring.
This is movie that deserves to be seen in a theatre.
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(D) Buoyed by very strong performances and a deliberate, grim style, the first
installment in the acclaimed Red Riding Trilogy, Red Riding 1974 sets the tone for the
movies to come and makes clear that these are not sunny days for the faint of heart.
These are gloomy times; films not merely about the seedy underbelly of society but
the fact that the seedy underbelly keeps things moving. They have been compared to
Zodiac but they are more realistically grim than David Fincher’s masterpiece. The film
can be a bit too self-serious at times, director Julian Jarrold (Brideshead Revisited)
would have been wise to focus on the procedural a bit more than the lead’s dream
sequences or moments of reflection, and the film’s television roots show on a
production level, but Red Riding 1974 is a well-made, expertly performed mystery with
the added bonus that there are two more films to watch when the first one’s over.
2 Have you watched the The Lord of the Rings?
___________________________________________________________________
It is a series of three epic fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson, based
on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled The
Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002), and The Return of the
King (2003).
3 Watch / Read about the series and write a review of the movie series (Writing
Task 2) and share it verbally (Speaking Task 2) to your classmates. During your
discussion, take turns to share your views / points. Make it an interesting
discussion. Pay attention to the difference between your views and your
classmates. ( Online Take Home Task / Mini Assignment)
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1 Read the text below and use the word given in capitals at the end of some of
the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example
at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS
Example: (0) ASTONISHINGLY
Searching for a King
You wouldn’t expect to find a dead king under a city car park, 0 ASTONISH
yet, (0) astonishingly, this was where archaeologists found
Richard III, an English king who died in 1485. Always a
1._______ figure, Richard was 2._______ as a villain and 1. CONTROVERSY
murderer by Shakespeare. The accuracy of this portrayal is 2. MORTAL
3._______, but the fact that Richard was killed at the Battle 3. DEBATE
of Bosworth Field is 4._______. The exact whereabouts of his 4. DISPUTE
body after the battle was a mystery but with the discovery of
a skeleton in Leicester, people speculated about whether
these were the 5._______ of the king. The skeleton exhibited 5. REMAIN
similar injuries to those recorded after the battle and scientists
carried out carbon dating, which placed the skeleton in the
fifteenth century. 6._______ of DNA from living descendants 6. ANALYSE
of the king put 7._______ of the skeleton beyond doubt – the 7. IDENTITY
evidence was 8._______.The last missing king of England 8. CONCLUDE
had been found.
1. _____________________________
2. _____________________________
3. _____________________________
4. _____________________________
5. _____________________________
6. _____________________________
7. _____________________________
8. _____________________________
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2 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use
between three and six words, including the word given.
Example: I don’t have any free time, so I  WOULD

can’t come to the theatre with you.  ANSWER: had some free time, I
 If I ____________ come to the
theatre with you. would
1. This milk is bad. It smells terrible!  OFF

 This milk __________. It smells
________________________________
terrible!
2. What the archaeologists discovered  MADE

when they opened the tomb was
________________________________
amazing.
 The ____________ when they
opened the tomb was amazing.
3. People are more interested in history  LESS

than you might expect.
________________________________
 You ____________ interested in
history.
4. For me, imagining what life must  QUITE

have been like then is just not possible.
________________________________
 I find it ____________ what life
must have been like then.
5. It’s difficult for a poorly performing  TURN

company to make a profit.
________________________________
 If a company is performing
poorly, it’s difficult ____________
one.
6. The failure of the company was  BITTERLY

incredibly disappointing.
________________________________
 I ____________ the failure of the
company.
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VOCABULARY TASK 2
Use of Vocabulary Words in Context

1 Read the passage below to better understand the vocabulary words.
Development Issues
Years ago, agriculture was prominent. Farms dotted the landscape of most areas. As
more people moved into America, more housing options were needed and a more
urban environment was necessary. Homes, businesses, and a city infrastructure
was created to sustain all the people. This development also changed the overall
ecosystem, upsetting it. When heavy rains fell in some areas, the drainage was not
sufficient and water backed up. This caused sewage to run in the streets and power
outages to occur throughout the area. Such an adverse event would be normal where
a monsoon season existed, but the devastation in the newly built city was shocking.
As improvements were made, waterlogging was not as much of a problem.

Sanitation departments were created to clean up messes and power companies
could turn electricity on and off so a downed line was less likely to electrocute
someone. This did not correct every naturally occurring issue. It is still possible to face
a landslide and we still face water issues when too much rain falls at once. If you are
ever in one of these disasters, stay out of the water, even if in the car. Rushing water
can trap you inside a vehicle and submerge it quickly.
We have made great improvements in city infrastructure, but nature still has the upper
hand. We must stay prepared.
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2 Look up for the words in the dictionary (if required) and write the meaning of
each using your own words / understanding.
1. agriculture ___________________________
2. urban ___________________________
3. infrastructure ___________________________
4. ecosystem ___________________________
5. drainage ___________________________
6. sewage ___________________________
7. outages ___________________________
8. adverse ___________________________
9. monsoon ___________________________
10. devastation ___________________________
11. waterlogging ___________________________
12. Sanitation ___________________________
13. electrocute ___________________________
14. landslide ___________________________
15. submerge ___________________________
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3 Choose the word that best completes each sentence. Write it on the line.
1) After a flood, it is important to make sure proper _________________ (sanitation,
waterlogging, urban) is used during clean-up.
2) The __________________ (ecosystem, drainage, landslide) caused rocks to
block the road.
3) Never touch downed powerlines because they could ___________________
(adverse, electrocute, submerge) you.
4) Excess rain caused ___________________ (waterlogging, drainage, and slide)
in the yard.
5) Rain is an important part of the ____________________ (sewage, urban,
ecosystem).
6) Massive flooding caused ________________ (devastation, drainage, urban)
throughout the town.
7) If you drive through water, the car can ________________ (waterlogging,
submerge, outage) and trap the passengers.
8) Raw ___________________ (sewage, electrocute, adverse) seeped into the
waterways after the flood.
9) The power _______________ (urban, monsoon, outage) was annoying, but not
dangerous short term.
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GRAMMAR TASK 2
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
1 Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the Present Perfect Progressive
Tense for the verbs given in the parentheses.
1. I have ___________________ on this project since June 2022. (work)
2. She ___________________ the report. (prepare)
3. We ___________________ to play without our coach. (not/go)
4. He ___________________ his whole teammates in the tournament. (lead)
5. The farmer ___________________ the fertilizers due to lack of money.
(not/spread)
6. He ___________________ from his toes since 2 o’clock. (bleed)
7. You must ___________________ your hair from that salon. (cut)
8. _______ you ___________________ your son for his mistake? (forgive)
9. The gold digger machine ___________________ in this region for so long. (dig)
10. She ___________________ his father’s hands tightly. (hold)
11. Amol ___________________ the seeds in his farm due to the rain. (not/sow)
12. What _______ you ______________ about the attendance in your college? (think)
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2 The Present Perfect Progressive sentence below contain verb errors. Identify
and amend the mistakes.
1. We were been reading a book in my class. ______________________

2. The entire team has been worked hard to improve ______________________
their skills.
3. That horse is been running really fast in all of the ______________________
races.
4. The glacier has be melted a little more each year. ______________________
5. Those lifeguards has been watching the pool all ______________________
summer.
6. I have being wanted to be a dancer when I grow up. ______________________
7. She is being had a great time playing softball with ______________________
her friends.
8. The bridge has been being opened when the ______________________
weather is nice.
3 Now form a sentence using the present tense and another using the present
perfect progressive tense for the verbs below. Discuss the difference between
both.
 take
Present Progressive:
Present Perfect Progressive:
 teach
Present Progressive:
Present Perfect Progressive:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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LISTENING TASK 2
1 You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer
(A, В or C) which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions
for each extract. (ETLP-CAE-V-08-Listening Task 2 (1))
Extract One
You hear two people talking about their work as website designers.
1. How does the man feel about the work?
A He finds the creativity stimulating
B He would like to use his academic training more
C He gets most satisfaction from being part of a team
2. What do they both think about the job?
A It’s a difficult career to get started in
B It’s important to be able to work flexible hours
C It’s a poorly paid job for the amount of work involved
Extract Two
You hear two cyclists talking about their sport.
3. The man thinks his success as a cyclist is due to
A his complete dedication
B the age at which he started
C a series of great role models
4. When talking about cycling in a velodrome, the woman reveals her
A fear of dangerous sports
B inability to follow instructions
C willingness to accept a challenge

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Extract Three
You hear a man called Roy talking about bees on a phone-in programme.
5. Why has he phoned the programme?
A to raise issues not previously discussed
B to challenge the opinions of other contributors
C to lend his support to a view that’s been expressed
6. When talking about gardens, he is
A describing what he does in his own
B encouraging people to grow certain things
C suggesting that people keep bees themselves
2 You will hear a student called Tim Farnham giving a class presentation about
a seabird called the albatross. Complete the sentences with the correct words.
(ETLP-CAE-V-08-Listening Task 2 (2))
The Albatross
1. Tim thinks that the name ‘albatross’ comes originally from a word in the
___________ language.
2. There are currently though to be a total of ___________ species of albatross.
3. The fact that it relies on ___________ explains why the albatross isn’t found in
some areas.
4. By using a locking mechanism in its ___________, the albatross can save energy
when flying.
5. Tim explains that the albatross has a surprisingly good sense of ___________.
6. Tim was surprised to discover that ___________ attack albatross nests.
7. The albatross used to be hunted mostly for its ___________ as well as for food.
8. Tim gives the example of ___________ as plastic objects commonly eaten by
albatrosses.
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3 You will hear an interview with a woman called Amy Marties, who works as a
choreographer, creating dance performances for live shows. Choose the
answer (А, В, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. (ETLP-CAE-V-08-
Listening Task 2 (3))
1. Amy traces her decision to become a choreographer back to
A the advice of her first dance teacher
B her need to express herself through movement
C the emphasis placed on dance in her primary school
D her failure to reach a high level of sporting achievement
2. Amy feels that, above all, a good choreographer is one who
A remains in touch with the everyday feelings of dancers
B keeps dancers motivated during long tiring sessions
C has experience of appearing on stage as a dancer
D is able to join in with the dancing itself if necessary
3. When she’s creating a new dance, Amy
A finds it easier to work directly with a composer
B prefers to be given clear constraints to work within
C keeps an open mind about how a piece might develop
D accepts that some of her ideas will prove to be unpopular
4. In her work as a choreographer, Amy aims to
A challenge the audience’s ideas about what dance is
B feel that she is conveying a message to the audience
C thrill the audience with some cutting-edge dance techniques
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D draw the audience’s attention away from other elements in the show
5. When asked about choosing dancers to work with, Amy says she
A relies on the expertise top professionals bring to the creative process
B accepts the need to accommodate the feelings of sensitive people
C finds those with less experience an easier proposition
D likes to help those she has previously taught
6. When she’s working on a new production of a well-known piece, Amy
A tries to build on the work of those who have gone before
B is aware of the need to update the ideas in a play
C is annoyed if people make unfair comparisons
D remains faithful to her usual guiding principles
4 Are you a good dancer? How often do you dance?
___________________________________________________________________
5 Discuss with a partner the benefits of both listening to good

music and dancing for the rhythm of a music or song. Then, take
turns to present your views/ ideas to the class.
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READING TASK 3
Reading Part 5
1 You are going to read an article about a management theory book. For
questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best
according to the text.
The new management gurus. What can animals tell us about business?
Bees. Ants. Reindeer. Not the usual topic of conversation at an average board
meeting. But if Peter Miller’s debut book, Smart Swarm, is anything to go by, the
creatures could revolutionise the way we do business. In the latest in a series of books
that challenge leaders to think differently, Smart Swarm explores the habits, actions
and instincts of animals and how they can be applied to business. The book is set to
become the most talked about in management circles after Miller, a senior editor at
National Geographic Magazine, wrote an article on the subject a few years ago, which
was read by 30 million people globally.
It follows a string of ‘business thinking’ books that have hit the shelves in recent years,
all searching for new answers on how to run organisations effectively. Obliquity,
published in March, told us that the most profitable companies are not the most
aggressive in chasing profits, Wikinomics, a bestseller, demonstrated new models of
production based on community and collaboration. Miller believes his book is the first
time anyone has laid out the science behind a management theory. ‘The biology of
how ant colonies or beehives work are appealing models for organisations and
systems that can be applied in a business context,’ he says.
So how exactly can bees help run board meetings? ‘By the way they work
independently before they work together,’ Miller says. ‘Picture a huge beehive hanging
on the branch of a tree, with about 5,000 bees vying for space and protection. They
know their colony is getting too big and leaving them vulnerable. They must find a new
home — and fast – but in a way that everyone agrees with. In today’s business
environment, managers need to be able to make the right decisions under huge
amounts of pressure. Yet, it is clear that some of the best-paid leaders in some of the
biggest organisations can get it dramatically wrong. How is it that they can fail to make
efficient business decisions when a swarm of bees can make a critical decision about
their hive in just a few seconds?’
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According to Miller, ‘swarm theory’ can help managers in three simple steps: discover,
test and evaluate. The bees first realise they have a problem. They then fly into the
neighbourhood to find potential new sites. They come back and perform a ‘dance’ to
get other bees to follow them. Eventually, the bees with the best dance attract the
most votes – and a decision is made. Back to the board meeting. Managers that
encourage debate, and then have a ballot over which idea is best, stand a better
chance of getting it right, Miller says. ‘The bee example tells you that you need to seek
out diversity in your team. You need to have a way of gathering up very different
approaches and ideas so you can make sure you pick the right one.’
Ants, in addition, can help businesses organise workflow and people. In an ant colony,
there is no leader. Ants are self-organised, and respond to their environment and each
other. One ant on its own could not raid a kitchen cupboard, but one ant telling the
next one that it’s worth following him to find food ends up creating a food chain. ‘In an
ant colony, you get the right number going in and out searching for food, you get the
right number taking care of the babies,’ Miller says. ‘As a manager, this can tell you
your hierarchy, your bureaucracy, is getting in the way of getting the work done.’
The airline industry has already flirted with the idea that ants can help make flying
stress-free. Southwest Airlines, an American low-cost airline, was concerned its 30-
year-old policy of letting customers choose where they sit once they boarded a plane
was slowing down the process. By creating a computer simulation of people loading
on to a plane, based on what ants would do, the company was able to show that
assigned seating would only be faster by a few minutes. It was not worth scrapping
their first-come, first-served policy, which was a key part of the company’s brand.
Miller says: ‘If you are concerned about surviving the next business cycle, in other
words giving your company the resilience and ability to bounce back from challenges
that you can’t anticipate, then Nature is a great model.’
1. What does the writer say about Smart Swarm in the first paragraph?
A. It has already attracted a great deal of attention
B. It is one of several books on animal behaviour and business
C. It concerns a topic that a great many people are interested in
D. It reflects what is already happening in some businesses
2. Miller believes that his book differs from other ‘business thinking’ books because of
A. the evidence given in support of the theory.
B. the ease with which the theory can be implemented.
C. its focus on behaviour rather than profit or production.
D. its emphasis on practical action rather than theory.
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3. In the third paragraph, the writer says that the behaviour of bees can show
managers
A. the consequences of making the wrong decisions.
B. how to pinpoint exactly what a problem is.
C. how to arrive at the correct conclusions very quickly.
D. the need to act decisively when under great pressure.
4. According to the ‘swarm theory’, managers need to

A. consider the effect of a decision on a variety of other people.
B. be able to persuade others that their proposed decisions are right.
C. regard decision-making as a collaborative process.
D. accept criticism of decisions they have made.
5. The example of ants raiding a food cupboard illustrates

A. the need to create the right kind of hierarchy and bureaucracy.
B. the differences between how managers and employees think.
C. the belief that aims can be achieved in various different ways.
D. the effectiveness of employees making decisions for themselves.
6. Looking at the behaviour of ants caused Southwest Airlines to

A. improve one of its practices.
B. speed up one of its processes.
C. retain one of its policies.
D. increase customer choice.
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Reading Part 6
1 You are going to read four extracts from articles in which art historians are
talking about the value of works of art over time. Choose from the reviews A-D.
The extracts may be chosen more than once.
Worth its weight in gold?

Four art historians consider the value of works of art over time.
A Audrey Anson
It can be particularly challenging to identify the kind of art that will maintain its
reputation and value over decades and centuries. Historically many collectors of fine
art were entirely self-centred in their approach, purchasing particular works simply to
impress others with evidence of their wealth and taste, but with hardly a thought as to
what might endure to impress subsequent generations. Such collectors tended to be
conservative by nature, often assuming that trends and fashions in art were passing
phases and that traditional quality would stand the test of time. Judging the long-term
value of contemporary art cannot be an exact science, however, and it is easy to see
in retrospect who had a good eye for the art of the future and who had not. Much
harder is the business of predicting which of today’s artists will be appreciated in years
to come, as many disillusioned art collectors have learnt to their cost. What is not in
doubt, however, is that some will end up being counted amongst the all-time greats.
В Justin Bellamy
It’s the need to distinguish the truly worthwhile from the merely fashionable that drives
those aiming to establish meaningful art collections today. Their aim is to seek out
those contemporary works of art which might be expected not only to retain their value,
but also in the fullness of time quite right come to be regarded as definitive examples
of a trend or period. Some historians argue that every age is defined by the art it
inspires, be it sculpture, painting or whatever. But this is a gross simplification. Until
relatively recent times, very few of those commissioning or purchasing such works as
new did so with a view to the future. They were more interested in the prestige that
owning such works brought them. What’s more, a famous picture may come to be
more memorable than the event it depicts, distorting our true understanding of the
event itself.
C Anita Crouch
Critics and commentators find it hard enough to agree on what represents the finest
in the artistic output of their own times, let alone predict the tastes of the future. In their
relentless search to identify the cutting edge, they risk heaping praise on work that is
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merely of transitory interest, and sadly this risk was never greater than in our present
age, when mediocrity seems to be the norm. But it wasn’t always so. In the past, there
was much wider consensus regarding what represented notable artistic achievement
in whatever style prevailed in a given period. The purchase and exhibition of such
works represented a status symbol for those in positions of power and influence, and
although over time collections accumulated, it was largely short-term goals that
triggered the process. In the end, history judges whether such collections have long-
term artistic value or not.
D Dario D’Amico
When people consider what we can pass on to future generations, they come up with
various answers ranging from ideas to technology to works of art. And it is the latter
that some people feel truly reflect the mood and atmosphere of their time. This will be
just as true of our own age, however eccentric the contemporary art scene might
appear on the surface. Down through the centuries, people have bought and passed
on to future generations, those works of art that seemed to embody the spirit of their
age and would have lasting value. More often than not, this turned out to be a self-
fulfilling prophecy because for periods predating the advent of mass communications
and photography, the art helps form a view of both what life was like and how people
thought at the time. Some people go further, claiming that art continues to resonate
long after detailed memories of momentous events have been lost.
Which art historian:

1. doesn’t have the same opinion as Anson about why people in the past collected
works of art?
__________
2. shares Crouch’s view regarding how successfully the best contemporary works of
art can be identified?
__________
3. holds a different view to Bellamy regarding the value of art in the study of history?
__________
4. has a different opinion from the others regarding the lasting value of current trends
in art?
__________
Page 46 of 64
1 Use of English Part 1 - For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which
answer (А, В, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Example:
A fulfil В accomplish C manage D perform
Book Review
Galapagos: The islands that changed the world
I was lucky enough to 0 fulfil an ambition and visit the Galapagos Islands two years
ago. 1 _______ no substitute for a visit, this superbly attractive book provides a
fascinating commentary and scientific background to the Galapagos experience. BBC
books have 2 _______ their usual high-quality job in producing the volume that will
accompany their TV series of the same name.
Nothing can compare to exploring the strange landscapes, 3 _______up close and
personal with the unique wildlife and witnessing the rich biological and environmental
history that is so very apparent on the islands. However, this book does 4 _______
close. The superb descriptive prose of award-winning cameraman Paul Stewart is
another plus 5 _______ as is the fact that this is punctuated by his iconic photography.
This book 6 _______ in celebrating the weird and wonderful sights but don’t 7 _______
read this book as an alternative to actually going, use it as the 8 _______of inspiration
for your own trip, a useful guide once you’re there and a stunning reminder on your
return.
1 A Despite B However C While D Whereas
2 A set B done C made D given
3 A getting В reaching C arriving D gaining
4 A run В come C go D pass
5 A spot В point C mark D tip
6 A attains В succeeds C achieves D obtains
7 A barely В hardly C merely D scarcely
Page 47 of 64
8 A base B cause C origin D source
2 Use of English Part 2 Read the text below and think of the word which best fits
each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning
(0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet
Example: (0) AS
A history of table tennis

Like many other sports, table tennis started out 0 as a mild social diversion. It was
popular in England in the second half of the nineteenth century under its present name
and various trade names like Whiff-Whaff and Ping-Pong, 1 _______ sought to imitate
the sound 2 _______ by the ball striking the table. The game soon 3 _______
something of a craze and there are many contemporary references to it and
illustrations of it 4 _______ played, usually in domestic surroundings.
5 _______ the early twentieth century, the sport had already acquired some of its
present-day complexities, 6 _______ it was still seen by many as an after-dinner
amusement 7 _______ than a sport. An account published in 1903 found it necessary
to warn players 8 _______ the wearing of evening dress, but went on to give detailed
technical advice about the pen-holder grip and tactics.
Over the next 60 years, table tennis developed into a worldwide sport, played by up to
30 million competitive players.
1. _____________________
2. _____________________
3. _____________________
4. _____________________
5. _____________________
6. _____________________
7. _____________________
8. _____________________
Page 48 of 64
VOCABUARY TASK 3
The work that a word does in a sentence determines what part of speech it is in that
sentence. The same word may be used as several different parts of speech.
Notice how the underlined words in the following sentences are used as different parts
of speech.
 We often study geography together. (verb)
 He drew a picture of the sea. (noun)
 He has a large desk in his study. (noun)
 Can you picture me as an acrobat? (verb)
 We finished our work in study hall. (adjective)
 Our picture window is cracked. (adjective)
1 In the space at the right of each sentence, write the part of speech of the
underlined word. In making your decision, ask yourself how the word functions
in the sentence.
1. We took an express train. ____________
2. A train whistle sounded in the distance. ____________
3. I will train your dog. ____________
4. Cross the street on a green light. ____________
5. Turn right at the next cross street. ____________
6. She was wearing a gold cross. ____________
7. The boss will fire me. ____________
8. The fire department is always ready. ____________
9. We saw a large fire in the distance. ____________
10. He has a bald head. ____________
Page 49 of 64
2 Write complete sentences using the words as directed.
1. play as a verb
___________________________________________________________________
2. play as a noun
___________________________________________________________________
3. scratch as a verb
___________________________________________________________________
4. scratch as a noun
___________________________________________________________________
5. light as a noun
___________________________________________________________________
6. light as an adjective
___________________________________________________________________
7. light as a verb
___________________________________________________________________
8. bus as a noun
___________________________________________________________________
9. bus as an adjective
___________________________________________________________________
10. Sunday as an adjective
___________________________________________________________________
11. Sunday as a noun
___________________________________________________________________
12. dance as a verb
___________________________________________________________________
13. dance as an adjective
___________________________________________________________________
14. fast as an adjective
___________________________________________________________________
15. fast as an adverb
Page 50 of 64
___________________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR TASK 3
Simple Future and Future Progressive Tenses
1 Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with ‘will’ or ‘be
going to’.
1. A: Why are you holding a piece of paper?
B: I (write) ___________________ a letter to my friends back home in Texas.
2. A: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up!

B: I (get) ___________________ you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up.
3. A: I can't hear the television!

B: I (turn) ___________________ it up so you can hear it.
4. We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We (visit)

___________________ Paris, Nice and Grenoble.
5. Sarah (come) ___________________ to the party. Oliver (be)

___________________ there as well.
6. Ted: It is so hot in here!

Sarah: I (turn) ___________________ the air-conditioning on.
7. I think he (be) ___________________ the next President of the United States.
8. After I graduate, I (attend) ___________________ medical school and become a

doctor. I have wanted to be a doctor all my life.
9. A: Excuse me, I need to talk to someone about our hotel room. I am afraid it is
simply too small for four people.
B: That man at the service counter (help) ___________________ you.
10. As soon as the weather clears up, we (walk) ___________________ down to the
beach and go swimming.
Page 51 of 64
2 Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate
tenses, either Simple Present or Simple Future.
1. Today after I (get) ___________________ out of class, I (go)
___________________ to a movie with some friends.
2. When you (arrive) ___________________ in Stockholm, call my friend Gustav. He

(show) ___________________ you around the city and help you get situated.
3. A: Do you know what you want to do after you (graduate) ___________________?

B: After I (receive) ___________________ my Master's from Georgetown University,
I (go) ___________________ to graduate school at UCSD in San Diego. I (plan)
___________________ to complete a Ph.D. in cognitive science.
4. If it (snow) ___________________ this weekend, we (go) ___________________

skiing near Lake Tahoe.
5. Your father (plan) ___________________ to pick you up after school today at 3:00
o'clock. He (meet) ___________________ you across the street near the ice cream
shop. If something happens and he cannot be there, I (pick) ___________________
you up instead.
6. If the people of the world (stop, not) ___________________ cutting down huge
stretches of rain forest, we (experience) ___________________ huge changes in the
environment during the twenty-first century.
7. If Vera (keep) ___________________ drinking, she (lose, eventually)

___________________ her job.
8. I promise you that I (tell, not) ___________________ your secret to anybody. Even
if somebody (ask) ___________________ me about what happened that day, I
(reveal, not) ___________________ the truth to a single person.
Page 52 of 64
9. She (make) ___________________ some major changes in her life. She (quit)
___________________ her job and go back to school. After she (finish)
___________________ studying, she (get) ___________________ a better-paying
job and buy a house. She is going to improve her life!
10. Tom (call) ___________________ when he (arrive) ___________________ in

Madrid. He (stay) ___________________ with you for two or three days until his new
apartment (be) ___________________ available.
Page 53 of 64
LISTENING TASK 3
1 You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, В or
C) which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each
extract. . (ETLP-CAE-V-08-Listening Task 3 (1))
Extract One
You hear two friends discussing a rock concert they both went to.
1. How does the boy feel about the main band?

A disappointed by their performance
В confused by all the advanced publicity
C unsure whether he got value for money or not
2. What is the woman doing in her reply?

A criticising the support band
В defending the approach of the media
C agreeing with comments about the main band
Extract Two
You hear part of a sports report about a football club manager.
3. What is the male presenter doing?

A praising changes that the manager has made
В suggesting that rumours about the manager are unfounded
C describing a growing sense of dissatisfaction with the manager’s performance
4. In the female presenter’s opinion

A the manager’s strategy is the correct one
В the real problem is a lack of talented players
C the pressure on the manager is likely to increase
Page 54 of 64
Extract Three
You hear two friends discussing an exhibition of modern sculpture.
5. What does the woman particularly admire about the artist?

A the originality of his work
В the way his art has developed
C the issues that his sculptures raise
6. What disappointed them both about the exhibition?

A the pieces of work that had been chosen
В the information provided for visitors
C the way it had been laid out
2 You will hear a man called Carl Pitman, giving a group of tourists practical
advice about learning the sport of surfing. Complete the sentences with a word
or short phrase. . (ETLP-CAE-V-08-Listening Task 3 (2))
Learning the sport of surfing

1. Carl recommends the __________ as the best place for learning to surf in his area.
2. Carl uses the term __________ to describe the distance between waves.
3. Carl advises getting a wetsuit that has a __________ fit.
4. Carl says it’s important to check the quantity of material beneath the __________
of a new wetsuit.
5. Carl says that the wetsuit, __________ and footwear all need washing regularly.
6. According to Carl, a hanger made of __________ is best for storing wetsuits.
7. Beginners most often damage surfboards through contact with __________.
8. Carl suggests using a __________ as the first step in removing wax from a
surfboard.
Page 55 of 64
3 You will hear an interview with a writer called Barry Pagham, who writes crime
novels. Choose the answer (А, В, C or D) which fits best according to what you
hear. . (ETLP-CAE-V-08-Listening Task 3 (3))
1. What does Barry say about his first two published novels?
A They were more successful than he anticipated
В They were useful in proving that he could write
C It’s a shame that they’re no longer available to buy
D It was a mistake to write an unfashionable type of novel
2. Barry admits that when he wrote the novel Transgression,

A he only did it to please his publishers
В he didn’t expect it to be so well received
C he didn’t intend to produce any more like it
D he never meant it to be sold as a horror story
3. Looking back, how does Barry view his decision to write his first crime novel?
A He accepts that he took a big risk
В He wishes that he hadn’t upset his publishers
C He recognises that he behaved unprofessionally
D He regrets putting himself under so much stress
4. Barry tells the story of the arrest of an armed robber to illustrate

A how true to life his novels are
В how dangerous his research can be
C how seriously the police take his work
D how unpredictably criminals can sometimes behave
5. What does Barry say about the city where his novels are based?
A He makes it sound more exciting than it actually is
В He regards it as an important element in the stories
C He doesn’t attempt to create a realistic picture of it
D He’s surprised that foreign readers want to visit it
6. How would Barry feel about becoming a policeman?

A He suspects that he wouldn’t be brave enough
В He doubts whether he would have the patience
C He’s sure someone of his age wouldn’t be accepted
D He suggests that he wouldn’t reject the idea completely
Page 56 of 64
WRITING TASK 3
1 Write a short article entitled:

‘Why do they do it?”
For a student magazine, giving your views on the reasons why some people are
still attracted to a life of travel and exploration in the late 21st Century, the
difficulties they face, and the contribution they make to the modern world. Write
approximately 250 words.
2 Try to answer these questions below to brainstorm the article content. Then
compose your article.
1. Why people choose to travel?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. What are benefits / advantages of travelling?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. How ready should you be in order to travel around happily and worry free?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4. Is travelling risky? Why?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Page 57 of 64
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Page 58 of 64
READING TASK 1
Reading Part 6
Contribute (v) — to do your part in a collective thing. I contributed 10 dollars to the
local charity.
Convinced (adj) — persuaded, having the opinion. My father is convinced that every
boy of my age should be into sports.
Strive to (v) — to do your best to do, to achieve something. Our community strives to
perfection when it comes to clean, tidy streets.
Sophistication (n) — having a lot of experience, good manners — usually referred to
a person. That chap is all sophistication — he comes from a well-off family.
Reliable (adj) — not breaking down, predictable and dependable. A reliable car is
something I could use for the long trips I have to take every now and then.
Outcome (n) — result; something that follows an action. The outcome was hard to
predict but we didn’t expect it to be that dramatic.
Effort (n) — attempt, try; physical or mental exertion. If you put some effort into your
homework I’m sure you will do much better.
Incorporate (v) — introduce, include.
Susceptible to (adj) — easily affected by something. Teenagers are susceptible to the
dangers of alcohol abuse.
Temper (n) — general character; anger. Youngsters tend to show their temper if they
think they are being mistreated.
Anxiety (n) — feeling of nervousness that has no obvious reason. Pre-exam anxiety
is common among freshman and sophomore students.
Prominent (adj) — standing out or otherwise noticeable. A prominent scientist in his
field, he had over 50 patents to his name.
Stem from (v) — originate from. Most common misconceptions stem from people who
are ignorant and gullible.
Assumption (n) — an unconfirmed idea. He made an assumption that Jane is cheating
on him right now because it was about time she came home and she didn’t even phone
him she’s running late!
Consciously (adv) — realising what is happening, in good mind. I would never do such
a thing consciously.
Detrimental (adj) — harmful, causing injury. Most illegal drugs have detrimental effect
on both your body and your mind.
Consistent (adj) — steady or even. Consistent players like Messi that manage to score
almost in every match are the real game makers in today’s football.
Stark (adj) — very strong, noticeable. The stark contrast between the rich and the poor
in developing countries makes you think if there is such thing as justice.
Rigorous (adj) — stern, strict. Rigorous training is what makes the professional
athletes the high-achievers they are.
Page 59 of 64
Asset (n) — something valuable or useful. My professional assets include my
knowledge of languages, degree in engineering and I’m also pretty good with
computers.
Hindrance (n) — something that slows down, a nuisance.
Flick through (v) — to go through something (like a book) quickly without paying much
attention to details. As I was waiting for her to come out of the dressing room I took a
men’s magazine to flick through.
Stigma (n) — a distinguishing mark of disgrace.
Connotation (n) — hidden meaning of something. Her speech is always full of
connotations only few can read.
Reading Part 7
Fritter away (v) — to spend something unwisely. Try not to fritter away the money you
inherited form your parents.
Insight (n) — sudden realisation; ability to see hidden meanings and ideas. The
company is looking to hire young people who have insight on how the industry should
look in five years from now on.
Nugget (n) — a small lump (piece) of something such as gold or other precious
material.
Prolific (adj) — (of a writer) able to produce lots of writing. Stephen King is a very
prolific writer of horror fiction.
Prodigy (n) — an extremely gifted child; a wonder.
Hail (v) — to call, to dub. They ironically hailed him “the great thinker of our time”.
Acclaimed (adj) — widely recognised, praised. The acclaimed artists are invited to
attend the annual “Silver Easel” award.
Manic (adj) — characterised by mania.
Prompt (v) — suggest, tip. The idea of this book was prompted to me by my recent
trip to a ski resort.
Baffling (adj) — difficult to understand, complex. The baffling task that stood before us
had to be dealt with before the boss was back from lunch.
Foible (n) — a minor weakness. The old motorcycle has a foible — the fuel gauge
doesn’t work.
One-off (adj) — one of a kind. The one-off car was auctioned last Wednesday with the
winning bid exceeding two million dollars.
Nurture (v) — promoting or supporting the development. This school specialises on
nurturing the artistic talents of their students.
Engross (v) — to occupy or absorb one’s attention. In my younger years I would spend
days on end engrossed by modern science fiction books.
Trigger (v) — to set something into motion, to activate. The murder of Franz Ferdinand
triggered the events that eventually become the First World War.
Page 60 of 64
Prattle (v) — to talk in a foolish, non-serious way. We would prattle about silly things
during our lunch break.
Recall (v) — to remember, to invoke from memory.
Lair (n) — place where a wild animal lives. The locals believe that this path leads to
cheetah’s lair.
Squidgy (adj) — soft and moist to the touch. I reached for the ground, it was squidgy
and generally unpleasant.
Foreshadow (v) — to give a glimpse to the things to come. The book foreshadowed
the plot of the story in the first chapter.
Breakthrough (n) — important new discovery. The recent breakthrough in technology
made the portable electronic devices much more affordable.
Luminary (n) — a remarkable person in a particular field. The luminary of fashion
industry Calvin Klein was rumoured to have attended the party.
READING TASK 2
Reading Part 5
Blindfolded (adj) — with eyes tied shut with a piece of cloth. People that are sentenced
to execution are normally blindfolded when the verdict is carried out.
Unwittingly (adv) — done without intent, not deliberately. Unwittingly I managed to tell
everyone her most intimate secret.
Stray (v) — lose path, get lost. Before I knew it I strayed into deep woods and got
completely lost.
Harness (n) — leather straps buckled to a horse’s mouth that help to steer (control) it.
Cling to (v) — to hold something tight, not willing to let go. People often cling to
mementos — various items that remind them of their past.
Steer (v) — to control a vehicle, horse cart and so on. Steering a car with one hand is
bad habit and young drivers should avoid it before it develops and settles in.
Obstacle (n) — something that is in one’s way, preventing progress.
Impaired (adj) — not as strong (as before). People with impaired vision can’t enjoy life
as much as their 20/20 vision friends.
Charity (n) — an organisation that helps poor people with money, clothes, food. Our
local charities plan to raise money for the orphanage.
Wrist (n) — part of one’s hand where you usually wear watch. Teenagers often slit
their wrists trying to attract the much craved attention.
Betray (v) — help the enemy, become a traitor. Betraying your friend’s faith is
inexcusable.
Paw (n) — the soft part at the end of dog’s or cat’s leg.
Canine (n) — Latin word for dog.
Attuned (adj) — used to, conditioned to.
Pat (v) — touch with the flat hand several times. She patted me on the back thinking
that would console me.
Page 61 of 64
Inkling (n) — a slight suggestion or suspicion.
Reading Part 8
Venue (n) — a place organised for a particular show or event. We had trouble finding
the appropriate venue for “The Pride of Nation” premiere.
Imply (v) — suggest, hint at. She implied that she doesn’t mind going to my place after
the official part of the evening is over.
Gritty (adj) — hardy and courageous; tough. The gritty adventures of famous detective.
Superb (adj) — excellent, of top quality. The superb writing of Leo Tolstoy is hailed as
the greatest example of Russian fiction.
Convoluted (adj) — difficult to understand, complex. The convoluted narration is what
makes the book so hard to get into.
Subsequent (adv) — something that follows after the initial. The first and the
subsequent visitors were told to come tomorrow.
Indie (adj) — short for ‘independent’. Indie developers are not limited by orders of their
publishers.
Inspire (v) — to stimulate somebody spiritually to produce something (e.g. a work of
art). My wife inspired me during the long months of writing the book.
Gripping (adj) — exciting, extremely interesting. The gripping plot is what made the
book win the Pulitzer’s Prize this year.
Muted (adj) — toned down, bleak, not vivid.
Deliberate (adj) — made intentionally, on purpose. Nobody thought I would scratch
my own car deliberately to get the insurance company pay me some extra money.
Instalment (n) — a part of a multi-part movie or book. The next instalment of Harry
Potter adventures.
Seedy (adj) — shabby, not pretty.
Underbelly (n) — (here) the unpleasant part of society that is usually hidden. I
remember growing up in the underbelly part of town.
Self-serious (adj) — taking itself too seriously, used negatively.
READING TASK 3
Reading Part 5
Obliquity (n) — the state of being oblique (not straight). In the text it’s a book title, don’t
bother memorising this word.
Collaboration (n) — a state or process of working together. The results of their
collaboration were very fruitful — two new major contracts were signed.
Beehive (n) — a structure where bee colony resides. If you see a beehive in your
neighbourhood it is better not to disturb it.
Vie (v) — to compete for something. They would vie for her attention for days on end.
Evaluate (v) — to try and assess or estimate the value of something. It would take a
very experienced collector to evaluate the painting.
Page 62 of 64
Ballot (n) — a vote, usually a secret one, done by writing one’s opinion on a piece of
paper and placing it in a container. Having a ballot would be the best way to go about
our disagreement.
Diversity (n) — the state of being heterogeneous, or being composed of different parts;
not of the same kind. Ethnical diversity at the workplace seems to be top priority
nowadays
Scrap (v) — throw away, decline, turn down. The initial plans to expand their venture
had to be scrapped because of money issues.
Resilience (n) — endurance, willingness to continue despite hardships or difficulties.
It takes great resilience to start a business from the ground up.
Ease (n) — noun formed from ‘easy’. He passed his final exams with surprising ease.
Pinpoint (v) — to precisely locate or identify. You will need a real professional to
pinpoint the issue.
Retain (v) — to keep; not to loose. Despite defender’s attempts the attacker retained
possession of the ball.
Reading Part 6
Maintain (n) — to keep something in working order; to keep in the same state. The
company has to hire somebody to maintain all the computers in the building.
Decade (n) — Ten years. Two decades ago this town was flourishing, now it’s
practically empty.
In retrospect (phr) — Looking back at something. In retrospect, all the decisions he
had taken turned out to be the right ones.
Predict (v) — to tell something before it happens. Nowadays it has become quite easy
to predict weather for days to come.
Disillusioned (adj) — state of being disappointed or having lost faith in something you
previously believed. It is typical for people of your age to get disillusioned about life in
general.
Distort (v) — To represent wrongly, to twist or pull out of shape. Alcohol often distorts
your perception of life.
Output (n) — result or product of something. This factory has an output of 10 thousand
vehicles a month.
Relentless (adj) — Knowing no mercy; tireless and sustained . It has been growing
increasingly hard to repel relentless enemy attacks.
Transitory (adj) — temporary, passing, having short duration. This new fashion trend
is only transitory.
Mediocrity (n) — state of being of average quality (usually has negative meaning). The
drama class teacher said that he will not tolerate mediocrity on the stage.
Timing (n) — process of regulating action to happen in a certain succession or at one
time. The timing was perfect — as soon as the teacher asked me to come to the board
the class came to an end.
Page 63 of 64
Consensus (n) — state of agreement, unison. The sides were unable to reach a
consensus despite having spend over ten hours negotiating.
Prevail (v) — to win or dominate. Our school team prevailed in the finals.
Prophecy (n) — a message that is believed to tell the future. The events we saw had
been described in an old prophecy.
Page 64 of 64

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ERICAN ONLINE EDUCATION

Erican Teen Learners Programme

Arts and Lifestyle

Sports Psychology: A Valid Discipline?

a. You feel a specific way you believe it to be true. ______

Jonah Lehrer: The Prodigy Who Lights up Your Brain

Prompted by a baffling moment trying to pick out a box of Cheerios on an aisle

1. Suddenly, I realized _______________________________________________

A success story — or is it?

Ironically, there may also be an underlying contradiction in the term. 4_______, an

0 A eye B look C sight D view

2 A total B whole C complete D absolute

3 A wins В earns C gets D masters

4 A After all В At first C At once D Apart from

5 A secret В private C individual D separate

6 A zone В area C space D place

7 A goes В holds C keeps D lasts

8 A despite B even C although D however

Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Example: (0) ANY

Put simply, an allergy is a disorder in which the body over-reacts to harmless

smog hazardous murky contamination emissions

1) This word means to stick to or attach to a thing, cause, ___________________

3) This means to separate and organize, usually papers. ___________________

4) This word is a synonym for dangerous. ___________________

5) We burn these to power something like machinery. ___________________

6) When we gather resources or come together as a ___________________

7) Something with a strong, horrible taste or smell is ___________________

8) This word is what is monitored to test for pollutants. ___________________

9) When these are released it can be hazardous to our ___________________

10) This word refers to small bits of something, usually ___________________

1) The crowd showed much more __________________ (hostility, hazardous,

1. His father ____________________ (come) home.

1. Has he just left? (Change to negative)

2. I have not made dinner yet. (Change to affirmative)

3. Have you send the message to the boss? (Change to affirmative)

4. They have lost their cat. (Change to interrogative)

5. Have you been to Los Angeles? ( Change to negative)

7. I have seen the Jungle Book. (Change to negative)

8. I have not eaten a cupcake. (Change to interrogative)

13. Have you ever met a film star? (Change to affirmative)

1. Why did he decide to include a picture by a politician?

2. How does he feel about the process of drawing?

4. What gives Gina most pleasure when taking part in competitions?

5. What does George appreciate most about riding a motorbike?

6. Which is George’s favourite object in his house?

6. Martin feels that unabridged versions

2 Add to the list two or three more phrases of your own.

A Working Life: The Guide Dog Trainer

2. Gareth believes that a successful guide dog is ultimately the result of

3. When working in rehabilitation, Gareth was

4. The writer mentions the ‘fish and chip shop’ to

5. When taking part in the experiment, the writer believes that

1 states the film he liked least? _____

2 Have you watched the The Lord of the Rings?

Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS

Example: (0) ASTONISHINGLY

Searching for a King

8. _ you _____________ your son for his mistake? (forgive)