Constants and

Operators
Mahit Kumar Paul
Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE
RUET, Rajshahi-6204
mahit.cse@gmail.com

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 Constants and Literals
• Constants refer to fixed values that the program may
not alter during its execution.

• These fixed values are also called literals.

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 Defining Constants
Using #define Preprocessor

Format: #define identifier value

When we use define for a constant, the preprocessor

produces a C program where the defined constant is
searched and matching tokens are replaced with the
given expression.

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 Defining Constants-Example
Example

Output: value of area : 50

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 Operators
• An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to
perform specific mathematical or logical functions.
• Types:
 Arithmetic Operators
 Relational Operators
 Logical Operators
 Bitwise Operators
 Assignment Operators

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 Arithmetic Operators
• Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20

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 Relational Operators
• Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20

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 Logical Operators
• Assume variable A holds 52 and variable B holds 0

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 Logical Operators…
Example

Output: Line 1 - Condition is true

Line 2 - Condition is true
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 Bitwise Operators
• Assume variable A holds 60 and variable B holds 13

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 Bitwise Operators-Example
Example

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 Bitwise Operators-Example…
Output

Value of Binary AND = 12

Value of Binary OR = 61
Value of Binary XOR = 49
Value of Binary LEFT SHIFT = 240
Value of Binary RIGHT SHIFT = 15

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 Assignment Operators

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 Assignment Operators…

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 Other Operators…

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 Sizeof() Operator

Output:

Value = 9

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Memory byte of z = 4 20
 & Operator

Output: Value = 9

Memory byte of z = 4

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 ?: Operator
• Called conditional operator
• Also called ternary operator

Syntax

If Condition is true ? then value X : otherwise value Y

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 ?: Operator…
Example
• The following program prints the biggest number
between two integer numbers.

Output: Value of z = 7
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Operator Precedence and Associativity
• Operator precedence helps us determine which of the
operators in an expression must be evaluated first in case
the expression consists of more than a single operator.

• Explanation: x = 7 + 3 * 2; here, x is assigned 13,

not 20 because operator * has a higher precedence than
+, so it first gets multiplied with 3*2 and then adds into
7.
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Operator Precedence and Associativity…
• We use associativity when two or more than two
operators with the same precedence are present in the
same expression.

• Explanation: The precedence of Division and

Multiplication arithmetic operators is the same. So, let’s say
we have an expression with us which is 6 * 3 / 20. The
evaluation of this expression would be (6 * 3) / 20 because
the associativity will be left to right for both the operators –
multiplication and division. In a similar case, the calculation
of 40 / 4 * 5 would be (40 / 4) * 5 because the associativity
would be from left to right here as well.

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Operator Precedence and Associativity…

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