Net Migration

By Aarnavi Patil(1), Maaheer Jain(13),

Vritti Amin(28)
10B
What is net migration
➢ Net migration is the net total of migrants during a period, that is, the
number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants, including both
citizens and noncitizens.
➢ When the number of immigrants is larger than the number of
emigrants, a positive net migration rate occurs, indicating that there are
more people entering than leaving an area.
➢ When the number of emigrants is larger than the number of
immigrants, the result is a negative net migration rate, meaning that
more people are leaving than entering the area.
➢ When there is an equal number of immigrants and emigrants, the net
migration rate is balanced.
 The rate and pattern of net migration is influenced by relative
living standards at home and abroad, persecution of particular
groups and extent of control on the movement of people. If the
living standards abroad are better, there is a persecution at home
and no restriction to immigrants by other countries, some people
are likely to emigrate. Most migrants tend to be single people of
working age.
 Effects of Emigration
Net emigration, where more people are leaving a specific
geographic area than entering it, can have several potential
benefits for the destination area.
- It may ease population pressure and reduce strain on local
resources and infrastructure.
- This can lead to a decreased demand for social services,
reduced competition for jobs, and potentially lower
congestion in urban areas.
 Effects of Emigration
However it can lead to population decline, resulting in an aging
population and straining healthcare and pension systems.
- Labor shortages may emerge, impacting economic growth
and development, particularly in industries reliant on migrant
workers.
- The local economy can suffer as consumer demand wanes,
potentially affecting businesses and tax revenues. Brain drain
may occur if highly skilled individuals leave.
 Effects of Immigration

Net immigration, where more people are coming to a place than leaving it,
can bring several advantages.
- It often means more people are available to work and contribute to the
economy, bring diverse skills and increase productivity which can lead
to economic growth, and an increase in the the working-age population.
- Immigrants often bring their cultures, foods, and traditions, enriching
the culture of the country.
 Effects of Immigration

Net immigration, where more people come to a place than leave

it, can also have some challenges.
- It might strain resources and public services, like schools and
healthcare, as more people need them.
- There can also be job competition, which might make it
harder for some locals itself to find work.
Formula
N = (I - E) / M X 1,000
N = Net Migration Rate
I = Number of Immigrants Entering the Area
E = Number of Emigrants Leaving the Area
M = Mid Year Population
Internal migration
Workers tend to migrate from rural to urban areas in search of better jobs and higher
incomes.
Such migrants may supply growing industries and result in a better allocation of resources.
Their movement may also raise living standards in rural areas if initially there had been
underemployment and if they send back money to their relatives.
There may, however, be some harmful effects also, if it is the most productive agricultural
workers that leave, agricultural productivity may fall.
There is also no guarantee that enough jobs will be available in urban areas and a number of
external costs, including overcrowding, increased pressure on social capital and congestion
may occur as a result of the rapid expansion of cities.
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