966 Fluid Mechanics Problem 19.13] The diameters of an impeller of a centrifugal pump at inlet and outlet are 30 cm ‘and 60 cm respectively. Determine the minimum starting speed of the pump if it works against a head of 30m. Solution. Given Dia. of impeller at inlet, _D, = 30. em=0.30 m Dia. of impeller at outlet, = 60 em = 0.60 m Head, H,= 300m Let the minimum starting speed = Using equation (19.13) for minimum speed, 2g 2¢ 7 where y= ZX PEN - EXOS%N gogi41 60, 60, EXDXN _ nx3XN , O17 60 60 oe Lestat ny ~ + (o1s7 ny 28 2 or (03141 Ny? - (0157 NY = 30 x2 0x 2x 9.81 pte 3022x981 588.6 * [estar = 0157) ~ -0009866 ~ 0002465 = VT952979 = 891.8 rpam. Ans. Problem 19.14 The diameters oA impeller of a centrifugal pump at inlet and outlet are 30 cm and {60 cm respectively. The velocity of low at outlet is 2.0 m/s and the vanes are set back at an angle of 45° 4t the outlet. Determine the minimum staring speed of the pump ifthe manometric efficiency is 70%. Solution. Given: Diameter at inlet, D, = 30cm =0.30.m Diameter at outlet, Dz = 60 cm = 0.60 m Velocity of flow at outlet, V,, = 2.0 mis ‘Vane angle at outlet, o=45° Manometric efficiency, — Nygay = 70% = 0.70. Let the minimum starting speed = N. From Fig. 19.9, for velocity triangle at outlet, we have VY, 20 tang” tan 45" or H)-V, But = 0.03141 N 60974 Fluid Mechanics NAO _ MAO 4, 2000 _ 1500 v5 a ae 30 aE wa _ 1500 V3 x30" _ 1500 m "2000 V3~ 2000 Hy, = (12.411) = 28.71 m Total head ___200 Number of stages = Total head _ 200 _ 6.96 = 7. Ans. " es Head per stage — 28:71 Using equation (19.20), we have x 12.818 = 12.411 | eT 30x 2000 * D, x1300 (030 x 2000 J2E7T D; 0.3913 m= 391.3 mm. Ans. 1500 x 30 Problem 19.19] Find the number of pumps required to take water from a deep well under a total Tread of 89 m. All the pumps are identical and are running at 800 rp.m. The specific speed of each pump is given as 25 while the rated capacity of each pump is 0.16 m'fs. Solution. Given Total head =89m Speed, 800 p.m. Specific speed, 2s Rate capacity, 0.16 m/s Let Head developed by each pump. NO Using equation (19.18), 78 18 equation (19.18), a 800 x YOT6 25 = S006 Hn 128 = WOXMOTE 49 g 25 Hy = (12.8) = 29.94 m Number of pumps required = monies 8 = 3. Ans. Head developed by one pump — 29.94 AAs the total head is more than the head developed by one pump, the pumps should be connected in Problem 19.20] Two geometrically similar pumps are running at the same speed of 1000 r.p.m. ‘One pump has an impeller diameter of 0.30 metre and lifts water at the rate of 20 litres per second ‘against a head of 15 metres. Determine the head and impeller diameter of the other pump to deliver half the discharge.Centrifugal Pumps 975 Solution. Given : For pump No. 1, Speed, Diameter, Discharge, Head, For pump No.2, Speed, Discharge, Let D; 4, N Using equation 19.19, MVS Hy, 1000 x v.02 car or a Using equation (19.20), ( wis 03 x 1000 Problem 19.21 70 = 10 titresis = 0.01 mss. = Diameter of impeller = Head developed. NaVOr A 1000 x VT a 1000 «VOT 1S OT gay 1000x Vi02—«*V.02 389 oat ©, 1000 oa x03 vis 0.238 m= 238.0 mm. Ans. The diameter of a centrifugal pump, which is discharging 0.03 m’/s of water against 4 total head of 20 m is 0.40 m. The pump is running at 1500 r-p.m. Find the head, discharge and ratio of powers of a geometrically similar pump of diameter 0.25 m when itis running at 3000 r:p.m. Solution. Given : Centrifugal pump, Discharge, 2 Head, Diameter, D, 03 m*is Hy, = 20m 0.40 m986 Fluid Mechanics hand hy, = hy.) (H= Hy for pumps) But from equation (19.33), we have +H, —H,~h,—ly, = NPSH (Net position suction head) NPSH o= Hy If the value of o (calculated from equation 19.34) is less than the critical value, 0, then cavitation 19.34) wos inte pp. Theva of depends oon th sii spect f the pump (1 ‘The following empirical relation is used to determine the value of 6. wrote) 1000 = o403 M22 0108 Ni jy?" 0 = 1.03 x 10749 (19.35) Problem 19.24] A centrifugal pump rotating at 1000 r.p.m. delivers 160 litres/s of water against a ‘head of 30m. The pump is installed at a place where atmospheric pressure is 1 x 10° P, (abs.) and vapour pressure of water is 3 kPa (abs.). The head loss in suction pipe is equivalent to 0.2 m of water. Cateutate : (i) Minimum NPSH, and ii) Maximum allowable height of the pump from free surface of water inthe sump. Solution. Given : N= 1000 rpms Q = 160 litres/s = 0.16 m°/s; H, = 30-m bs.) ; py = 3 kPa (abs.) = 3 x 10° Nim? (abs.) ( Minimum NPSH Using equation (19.34), we get NPSH o= i, From the above equation, it is clear that NPSH is directly proportional to Thoma’s cavitation factor (0). NPSH will be minimum when 6 is minimum. But the minimum value of 6 for no cavitation is 6. Hence when o = 6, then NPSH will be minimum. (NPSH) ay Hy or (NPSH) pig = HX G “0 Now the critical value of 6 ie., 6, is given by equation (19.35) as 9, = 1.03 x 10° xn," li) NYO where VY, = Speeifie speed of pump =Centrifugal Pumps 987 = 1000 r.p.m., Q=0.16 m/s and H, = 30 m) Substituting the value of N, in equation (ii), we get 1000 6" 1000* x 0.167" _ 1.03 x10 x10* x 0.2947 30 30 = 1.03 x 107 x = 0.1012 Substituting the value of 0, in equation (), we get (NPSH) gig = Hyg 0.1012 = 30 0.1012 = 3.036 m. Ans. (Hy = 30m) (Gi) Maximum allowable height of the pump from free surface of water inthe sump (ie, hy) Let (h)qas = Max. allowable height of pump from free surface of water. Using equation (19.33) NPSH =H, H,~h, ", Ai) From the above equation, itis clear that for a given value of atmosphere pressure head ( rl ) pe ven vapour pressure head (x & ) and given loss of head due to friction (the value of suction 8 hhead (h,) will be maximum if NPSH is minimum, (NPSHD gig = Hy Hy ~ (dae ~ by, «iy ines = Hy —H,~ hg ONPSH gu Ait) 1xt10* Now —_1 107 _ 10.193 mof water 000 x9 = ''°8 “ pb, 3x10* Hy= 2s = 305 m of water pg ~ 1000x981 motwater iz, = 0.2 m and (NPSH) pig = 3.036 m Substituting the values of H,, Hy i, and (NPSH)pjq, in equation (ii), we get (hax = 10.193 ~ 0.305 ~ 0.2 ~ 3.036 = 6.4652 m. Ans. HIGHLIGHTS 1, The hydraulle machine which converts the mechanical energy into pressure energy by means of centrifu- sl force is called centrifugal pump, 2. ‘The centrifugal pump acts as a reverse of an inward radial flow reaction turbine. The work done by the impelier (rotating part ofthe pump) on the water per second per unit weight of water per second flowing through the pump is given as