IMZAPMB ZNBDMF^I^MB

HAINIETEMSES

E. HABSNZ GNDES
M. ZNBONPTEMB
Hainiitimsis (hmihuius/hmihuii, `mtu ngpndu) `imsmbym tnr`nbtuh dmimg hmbdubo
ngpndu dmri ubsur-ubsur pmdmt ymbo gng`nbtuh cmirmb ngpndu8 `mtu
ngpndu gngiiihi uhurmb, `nbtuh dmb hagpasisi ymbo smbomt `nrvmrimsi.
(@rubbnr mbd Suddmrtf.0:=3).
@mtu ngpndu mdmimf pnbymhit dnbomb hnmdmmb digmbm tnrdmpmt mtmu tnr`nbtuh
`mtu ngpndu, `ism tnrdmpmt dmimg hmbdubo ngpndu (cfaincystaiitfimsis) mtmu dmimg
duhtus cfaindacfus (cfaindacfaiitfimsis). (Zmtrich C. D. Omoaim, dhh. 0:=>).
Hainiitimsis disn`ut juom `mtu ngpndu, omiistabns, `iiimry cmicuius.
Estiimf hainiitimsis digmhsudhmb ubtuh png`nbtuhmb `mtu di dmimg hmbdubo
ngpndu. @mtu hmbdubo ngpndu gnrupmhmb om`ubomb `n`nrmpm ubsur ymbo
gng`nbtuh sumtu gmtnrimi girip `mtu ymbo tnr`nbtuh di dmimg hmbdubo ngpndu.
@mtu ngpndu mdmimf tig`ubmb hristmi di dmimg hmbdubo ngpndu mtmu di dmimg
smiurmb ngpndu. @mtu ymbo ditnguhmb di dmimg hmbdubo ngpndu disn`ut
hainiitimsis, sndmbohmb `mtu di dmimg smiurmb ngpndu disn`ut haindahaiitimsis.

@. NTEAIAOE
Ntiaiaoi `mtu ngpndu gmsif `niug dihntmfui dnbomb sngpurbm bmgub ymbo
pmiibo pnbtibo mdmimf ombooumb gntm`aiisgn ymbo disn`m`hmb ainf pnru`mfmb
susubmb ngpndu, stmsis ngpndu dmb iblnhsi hmbdubo ngpndu. Sngnbtmrm itu,
hagpabnb utmgm dmri `mtu ngpndu mdmimf hainstnrai ymbo `imsmbym tntmp `nr`nbtuh
cmirmb. Kihm cmirmb ngpndu gnbjmdi jnbuf hmrnbm hainstnrai, gmhm hainstnrai `ism
gnbjmdi tidmh imrut dmb gng`nbtuh nbdmpmb di iumr ngpndu.
Hainiitimsis dmpmt tnrjmdi dnbomb mtmu tmbpm lmhtar rnsiha. Bmgub, sngmhib
`mbymh lmhtar rnsiha, sngmhib `nsmr puim hngubohibmb ubtuh tnrjmdibym hainiitimsis.
Lmhtar rnsiha tnrsn`ut mbtmrm imib;
=. Onbntih@mtu ngpndu gngpnriifmthmb vmrimsi onbntih.
Hncnbdnrubomb gng`nbtuh `mtu ngpndu `ism
`nrjmimb dmimg hniumrom.
 0. ^sim
^sim rmtm-rmtm tnrsnribo tnrjmdibym `mtu ngpndu mdmimf 4:->: tmfub. Smbomt
sndihit pnbdnritm `mtu ngpndu ymbo dijugpmi pmdm usim rngmjm, sntnimf itu
dnbomb sngmhib `nrtmg`mfbym usim sngmhib `nsmr hngubohibmb ubtuh
gnbdmpmthmb `mtu ngpndu, snfiboom pmdm usim 5: tmfub hngubohibmbbym

mdmimf smtu dmri tiom armbo.

3. Knbis Hnimgib
4. Lmhtar imib ymbo gnbibohmthmb rnsiha tnrjmdibym `mtu ngpndu mbtmrm
imib; a`nsitms, gmhmbmb, riwmymt hniumrom, mhtilitms lisih, dmb butrisi pmrnbtnrmi
ymbo imgm

C. GMBELNSTMSE HIEBES
=. Pmsm bynri dmb haiih `iiinr
Kihm duhtus sistihus tnrsug`mt ainf `mtu ngpndu, hmbdubo ngpndu mhmb

gnbomimgi distnbsi dmb mhfirbym iblnhsi. Zmsinb mhmb gnbdnritm pmbms dmb
gubohib tnrm`m gmssm pmdmt pmdm m`dagnb. Zmsinb dmpmt gnbomimgi haiih `iiinr
disnrtmi bynri fn`mt pmdm m`dagnb humdmrmb hmbmb mtms ymbo gnbjmimr hn
pubooubo mtmu `mfu hmbmb8 rmsm bynri ibi `imsmbym disnrtmi gumi dmb gubtmf dmb
`nrtmg`mf fn`mt dmimg gmhmb gmhmbmb dmimg parsi `nsmr. Zmdm sn`moimb pmsinb
rmsm bynri `uhmb `nrsilmt haiih gnimibhmb pnrsistnb. Snrmbomb haiih
`iiinr sngmcmg ibi disn`m`hmb habtrmhsi hmbdubo ngpndu ymbo tidmh
dmpmt gnbomiirhmb ngpndu hniumr mhi`mt tnrsug`mtbym smiurmb ainf `mtu.
Dmimg hnmdmmb distnbsi, `moimb lubdus hmbdubo ngpndu mhmb gnbynbtuf
dibdibo

m`dagnb pmdm dmnrmf hmrtiimoa hastm 5 dmb =: hmbmb. Snbtufmb ibi gnbig`uihmb
bynri tnhmb ymbo gnbcaiah pmdm humdrmb hmbmb mtms hntihm pmsinb gnimhuhmb
ibspirmsi dmimg dmb gnbofmg`mt pnbong`mbomb raboom dmdm.
0. Ehtnrus
A`struhsi pnbomiirmb ontmf ngpndu hn dmimg dudadnbug
mhmb gnbig`uihmb onjmim ymbo hfms, ymitu; omtmf ngpndu ymbo tidmh imoi
di`mwm hndmimg duadnbug mhmb disnrmp ainf dmrmf dmb pnbynrmpmb ngpndu ibi
gng`umt huiit dmb gnb`rmb guhasm `nrwmrbm hubibo. Hnmdmmb ibi snribo
disnrtmi dnbomb onjmi omtmi-omtmi pmdm huiit.
 3. Znru`mfmb wmrbm uribn dmb lnsns.
Nhshrnsi piognb ngpndu ainf oibjmi mhmb gng`umt uribn `nrwmrbm smbomt
onimp. Lnsns ymbo tidmh imoi diwmrbmi ainf piognb ngpndu mhm tmgpmh hnim`u,
dmb `imsmbym pnhmt ymbo disn`ut ’Cimy-caiarnd‗.

4. Dnlisinbsi \itmgib.
A`struhsi miirmb ngpndu juom mhmb gnboomboou m`sar`si vitmgib M,D,N,H
ymbo imrut ingmh. Hmrnbm itu pmsinb dmpmt gngpnriifmthmb onjmim
dnlisinbsi vitmgib-vitmgib ibi jihm a`struhsi `iiinr `nrimbosubo imgm. Dnlisinbsi
vitmgib H dmpmt gnboomboou png`nhumb dmrmf ymbo bargmi.(Sgnitznr, 0::0).
>. Pnouroitmsi oms; limtus dmb snbdmwm

D. ZMTALESEAIAOE
Zng`nbtuhmb `mtu ngpndu di`moi gnbjmdi tiom tmfmp; (=) png`nbtuhmb

ngpndu ymbo supnrsmturmsi, (0) buhinmsi mtmu png`nbtuhmb ibti `mtu, dmb (3)
`nrhng`mbo hmrnbm `nrtmg`mfbym pnbonbdmpmb. Hnimrutmb hainstnrai gnrupmhmb
gmsmimf ymbo tnrpnbtibo dmimg png`nbtuhmb sngum `mtu, hncumii `mtu
piognb. Supnrsmturmsi ngpndu dnbomb hainstnrai tnrjmdi `iim pnr`mbdibomb msmg
ngpndu dmb laslaiipid (tnrutmgm insitib) dnbomb hainstnrai turub di `mwmf fmrom
tnrtnbtu. Sncmrm bargmi hainstnrai tidmh imrut dmimg gndim ymbo
gnbombdubo mir. Ngpndu dipnrtmfmbhmb dmimg `nbtuh cmir ainf png`nbtuhmb
haiaid ymbo gngpubymi ibti snbtrmi hainstnrai, dihniiiiboi ainf gmbtni ymbo
fidraliiih dmri omrmg ngpndu dmb insitib. Kmdi snhrnsi hainstnrai ymbo `nrin`ifmb,
mtmu hmdmr msmg ngpndu rnbdmf, mtmu

tnrjmdi snhrnsi insitib, gnrupmhmb hnmdmmb ymbo iitaonbih.

Zng`nbtuhmb `mtu diguimi fmbym `iim tnrdmpmt sumtu bidus mtmu ibti
pnbonbdmpmb hainstnrai. Zmdm tibohmt supnrsmturmsi hainstnrai, hristmi
hainstnrai hniumr dmri imrutmb gng`nbtuh sumtu bidus, dmb gng`nbtuh sumtu
pnbonbdmpmb. Zmdm tibohmt smturmsi ymbo in`if rnbdmf, gubohib `mhtnri, lrmognb
pmrmsit, npitni sni ymbo inpms, mtmu pmrtihni dn`ris ymbo imib dipnriuhmb ubtuh
dipmhmi sn`momi `nbif
pnbohristmimb.
@mtu piognb tnrdiri dmri omrmg hmisiug dmb smimf smtu dmri hnngpmt mbiab ibi ;
`iiiru`ibmt, hmr`abmt, laslmt dmb msmg ingmh. Ziognb (`iiiru`ib) pmdm habdisi bargmi

mhmb tnrhabjuomsi dmimg ngpndu. @iiiru`ib tnrhabjuomsi hmrnbm mdmbym nbzig

oiahurabii trmblnrmsn `iim `iiiru`ib tmh tnrhabjuomsi dimhi`mthmb hmrnbm hurmbo mtmu
 tidmh mdmbym nbzig oiahurabii trmblnrmsn tnrsn`ut ymbo mhmb gnbomhi`mthmb
prnsipitmsi/pnbonbdmpmb dmri `iiiru`ib tnrsn`ut. Ebi disn`m`hmb hmrnbm `iiiru`ib tmh
tnrhabjuomsi tidmh imrut dmimg mir tmpi imrut dmimg ingmh.snfiboom imgm hnimgmmb
tnrjmdi pnbonbdmpmb `iiiru`ib tmh tnrhabjuomsi ymbo `ism gnbyn`m`hmb `mtu ngpndu
tmpi ibi jmrmbo tnrjmdi

N. ZNGNPEHSMMB ZNB^BKMBO
=. Pmdiaiaoi
Zngnrihsmmb ^SO tnimf gnboombtihmb hainsistaormli armi sn`momi
prasndur dimobastih piiifmb hmrnbm pngnrihsmmb ibi dmpmt diimhuhmb dnbomb
cnpmt dmb mhurmt, dmb dmpmt dioubmhmb pmdm pnbdnritm dislubosi fmti dmb ihtnrus.
Dismgpibo itu, pngnrihsmmb ^SO tidmh gng`umt pmsinb tnrpmjmb rmdimsi ibismsi.
Zrasndur ibi mhmb gng`nrihmb fmsii ymbo pmiibo mhurmt jihm pmsinb sudmf
`nrpumsm pmdm gmimg fmribym snfiboom hmbdubo ngpndubym `nrmdm dmimg
hnmdmb distnbsi.

Znbooubmmb uitrm saubd `nrdmsmrhmb pmdm oniag`mbo sumrm ymbo dipmbtuihmb

hng`mii. Zngnrihsmb ^SO dmpmt gnbdntnhsi hmihuii dmimg hmbdubo ngpndu mtmu
duhtus hainduhtus ymbo gnbomimgi diimtmsi.
0. Pmdiaormli; Hainsistaormli
Hainsistaormli dioubmhmb `iim ^SO tidmh tnrsndim mtmu `iim fmsii ^SO gnrmouhmb.
Haimboiaormli armi dmpmt diimhuhmb ubtuh gnbdntnhsi `mtu ngpndu dmb gnbohmji
hngmgpumb hmbdubo ngpndu ubtuh gnimhuhmb pnboisimb, gngnhmthmb isibym,
`nrhabtrmhsi snrtm gnboasabohmb isibym. Armi hainsistaormli tidmh dioubmhmb `iim
pmsinb jmubdicn hmrnbm iivnr tidmh dmpmt gnbofmbtmrhmb gndim habtrms hn

hmbdubo ngpndu ymbo gnbomimgi a`struhsi.

3. Sabaormg
Sabaormg dmpmt gnbdntnhsi `mtu dmb gnbnbtuhmb mpmhmf dibdibo hmbdubo
ngpndu tnimf gnbn`mi.
4. NPCZ (Nbdascapic Pntraormdn Caimboiapmbcrnmtaormli)
Zngnrihsmmb ibi gngubohibhmb visumiismsi struhtur sncmrm imbosubo ymbo fmbym
dmpmt diiifmt pmdm smmt impmrmtagi. Zngnrihsmmb ibi gniiputi ibsnrsi
nbdashap snrmt aptih ymbo linhsi`ni hn dmimg nsalmous fiboom gnbcmpmi
duadnbug pmrs dnsnbdnbs. Sn`umf hmbuim digmsuhmb hn dmimg duhtus
hainduhtus snrtm duhtus

pmbhrnmtihus, hngudimb `mfmb habtrms disubtihmb hn dmimg duhtus tnrsn`ut ubtuh

 gnbnbtuhmb hn`nrmdmmb `mtu di duhtus dmb gngubohibhmb visumiismssi snrtm
nvmiumsi pnrcm`mbomb `iiinr (Sgnitznr,SC dmb @mrn,@O 0::0).
>. Zngnrihsmmb Im`armtariug
m. Hnbmihmb snrug hainstnrai
`. Hnbmihmb laslaiipid

c. Znburubmb nstnr hainstnrai

d. Hnbmihmb pratrag`ib snrug tign
n. Hnbmihmb `iiiru`ib tatmi, trmbsmgibmsn (Bargmi 9 :,4 go/di)
l. Znburubmb ura`iiiru`ib
o. Znbibohmtmb sni dmrmf putif; =0.::: - =>.:::/iu (Bargmi ; >::: - =:.:::/iu)
f. Znbibohmtmb snrug mgiimsn, `iim pmbhrnms tnrii`mt mtmu `iim mdm `mtu di
duhtus utmgm (Bargmi; =7 - ==> ubit/=::gi)

L. HAGZIEHMSE

=. Hainsistitis
Hainsistisis mdmimf Znrmdmbomb hmbdubo ngpndu ymbo disn`m`hmb ainf sug`mtmb
`mtu ngpndu, gnbyn`m`hmb iblnhsi dmb pnrmdmbomb hmbdubo ngpndu
0. Haimboitis
Haimboitis mdmimf pnrmdmbomb pmdm smiurmb ngpndu. Kihm `mtu ymbo gnbyug`mt
gniuhmi/gnbng`us dibdibo smiurmb ngpndu, gmhm dmpmt
gnbyn`m`hmb
pnrmdmbomb fn`mt di smiurmb ngpndu (haimboitis). Mhi`mtbym,`mhtnri mhmb tug`uf
dmb gnbig`uihmb iblnhsi di dmimg smiurmb. Eblnhsi dmpmt disn`m`hmb hugmb ymbo
`nrmsmi dmri gmhmbmb. Znbyn`m` pmiibo utmgm mdmimf iblnhsi di usus. Eblnhsi

tnrsn`ut gismibym tilaid mtmu tilus.

3. Zmbhrnmtitis Mhut
Zmbhrnmtitis mhut gnrupmhmb smimf smtu risiha ymbo `nr`mfmym jihm `mtu ngpndu
gmsuh dmb gnbofmg`mt smiurmb pmbhrnms. Znrmdmbomb pmbhrnms ibi
mhmb gnbyn`m`hmb smhit pnrut ymbo mhmb tnrus `nrtmg`mf pmrmf.
4. Ngpingm
Zmdm ngpingm, hmbdubo ngpndu `nrisi bmbmf. Hagpiihmsi ibi
dmpmt gng`mfmymhmb jiwm dmb gng`utufhmb hainsistnhtagi dmrurmt snonrm.
O. ZNBMTMIMHSMBMMB
Znbmbombmb hainiitimsis di`ndmhmb gnbjmdi dum ymitu pnbmtmimhsmbmmb bab `ndmf dmb
`ndmf. Mdm juom ymbo gng`moi `nrdmsmrhmb mdm tidmhbym onjmim ymbo gnbynrtmi
hainiitimsis, ymitu pnbmtmimhsmbmmb pmdm hainiitimsis sigptagmtih dmb hainiitimsis ymbo
msigptagmtih.

=. Znbmtmimhsmbmmb Bab`ndmf
m. Znbmtmimhsmbmmb pnbduhubo dmb dint
Hurmbo in`if 6:% dmri pmsinb-pmsinb iblimgmsi mhut hmbdubo
ngpndu sng`uf dnbomb istirmfmt, cmirmb iblus, pnbofismpmb bmsaomstrih,
mbmionsih dmb mbti`iatih. Ebtnrvnbsi `ndmf fmrus ditubdm smgpmi onjmim mhut
gnrndm dmb nvmiusi ymbo inbohmp dmpmt diimhsmbmhmb, hncumii jihm habdisi
pmsinb.
=) Dint rnbdmf ingmh, tibooi hmiari, tibooi pratnib
0) Zngmsmbomb pipm img`ubo `iim tnrjmdi distnbsi pnrut.
3) A`snrvmsi hnmdmmb ugug dmb pngnrihsmmb vitmi siob

4) Dipmsmbo iblus praormg cmirmb ninhtraiit dmb oiuhasm ubtuh

gnbomtmsi syah.
>) Zng`nrimb mbti`iatih sistngih dmb vitmgib H (mbti hamouiapmti)
`. Disaiusi gndis
Armi Dissaiutiab Tfnrmpy mdmimf cmrm pnbofmbcurmb `mtu dnbomb png`nrimb
a`mt-a`mtmb armi. ^rsadnaxycfaiic mcidi n`if dipiiif dmimg
pnboa`mtmb dmripmdm cfnbadnaxycfaiic hmrnbm nlnh smgpibo ymbo in`if
`mbymh pmdm
pnbooubmmb cfnbadnaxycfaiicsnpnrti tnrjmdibym dimrn, pnbibohmtmb
mgibatrmbslrmsndmb fipnrhainstnraingim sndmbo

c. Disaiusi habtmh
Tnrmpi cabtmct dissaiutiabmdmimf sumtu cmrm ubtuh gnbofmbcurhmb
`mtu hainstnrai dnbomb gngmsuhmb sumtu cmirmb pnimrut hn dmimg
hmbdubo ngpndu gnimiui hmtntnr pnrhutmbnus gnimiui fnpmr mtmu mitnrbmtil
imib gnimiui hmtntnr bmsa`iiinr. Imrutmb ymbo dipmhmi mdmimf gntfyi tnr`utyi
ntnr . Imrutmb ibi digmsuhhmb dnbomb sumtu mimt hfusus hn dmimg hmbdubo
ngpndu dmb
`imsmbym gmgpu gnbofmbcurhmb `mtu hmbdubo ngpndu dmimg 04 jmg.
d. Hningmfmb tnhbih ibi fmbym gmgpu dioubmhmb ubtuh hmsus dnbomb
`mtu ymbo hainstnrai ymbo rmdiaiusnb.
Imrutmb ymbo dioubmhmb dmpmt
gnbyn`m`hmb iritmsi guhasm, sndmsi ribomb dmb mdmbym hnhmg`ufmb
tnr`nbtuhbym hng`mii `mtu hmbdubo ngpndu.
 n. Iitatripsi Oniag`mbo Ninhtrasyah (NS_I)
Zrasndur bab ibvmsivn ibi gnbooubmhmb oniag`mbo hnjut
`nruimbo ( Pnpnmtnd Sfach _mvn) ymbo dimrmfhmb pmdm `mtu ngpndu
didmimg hmbdubo ngpndu mtmu duhtus haindahus dnbomb gmhsud
gngncmf `mtu tnrsn`ut gnbjmdi `n`nrmpm snjugimf lrmognb. NS_I
smbomt papuinr dioubmhmb

`n`nrmpm tmfub ymbo imiu. Mbmiisis `imym-gmblmmt pmdm smmt

ibi gngpnriifmthmb `mfwm prasndur ibi fmbym tnr`mtms pmdm pmsinb ymbo
tnimf
`nbmr-`nbmr dipnrtig`mbohmb ubtuh gnbjmimbi tnrmpi ibi.
l. Nbdascapic Pntraormdn Cfaimboiapmbcrnmtaormpfy (NPCZ)
Zmdm NPCZ, sumtu nbdashap digmsuhhmb gnimiui guiut,
hnrabohabomb, img`ubo dmb hn dmimg usus fmius. [mt habtrms rmdiaapmh
gmsuh hn dmimg smiurmb ngpndu gnimiui sn`umf snimbo di dmimg
slibotnr addi. Zmdm slibotnratagi, atat slibotnr di`uhm momh in`mr
snfiboom `mtu ngpndu ymbo gnbyug`mt smiurmb mhmb `nrpibdmf hn usus
fmius. NPCZ dmb slibotnratagi

tnimf `nrfmsii diimhuhmb pmdm 5:% hmsus. Hurmbo dmri 4 dmri sntimp =.:::
pnbdnritm ymbo gnbiboomi dmb 3-7% gnbomimgi hagpiihmsi, snfiboom
prasndur ibi in`if mgmb di`mbdibohmb png`ndmfmb pnrut. NPCZ smjm
`imsmbym nlnhtil diimhuhmb pmdm pnbdnritm `mtu smiurmb ngpndu ymbo
in`if tum, ymbo hmbdubo ngpndubym tnimf dimbohmt
0. Znbmtmimhsmbmmb @ndmf
m. Hainsistnhtagi tnr`uhm
Apnrmsi ibi gnrupmhmb stmbdmr tnr`mih ubtuh pnbmbombmb pmsinb dnbom
hainiitimsis sigtagmtih. Hagpiihmsi ymbo pmiibo `nrgmhbm ymbo dmpmt tnrjmdi

mdmimf cndnrm duhtus `iiimris ymbo tnrjmdi pmdm :,0% pmsinb. Mbohm gartmiitms
ymbo diimparhmb ubtuh prasndur ibi hurmbo dmri :,>%. Ebdihmsi ymbo pmiibo
ugug ubtuh hainsistnhtagi mdmimf haiih `iiimris rnhurnb, diihuti ainf
hainsistitis mhut.
`. Hainsistnhtagi impmrmshapi
Hainsistnhtagi impmrashapih guimi dipnrhnbmihmb pmdm tmfub =55:
dmb snhmrmbo ibi snhitmr 5:% hainsistnhtagi diimhuhmb sncmrm impmrashapi.
6:- 5:% `mtu ngpndu di Ebooris di`umbo dnbomb cmrm ibi hmrnbm
gngpnrhncii rnsiha hngmtimb di`mbdibo apnrmsi bargmi (:,=-:,>% ubtuh
apnrmsi bargmi)

dnbomb gnbourmboi hagpiihmsi pmdm jmbtubo dmb pmru. Hmbdubo ngpndu

 dimbohmt gnimiui snimbo ymbo digmsuhhmb inwmt smymtmb hncii di dibdibo
pnrut.
c. Ebdihmsi mwmi fmbym pmsinb dnbomb hainiitimsis sigtagmtih tmbpm
mdmbym hainsistitis mhut. Hmrnbm sngmhib `nrtmg`mfbym pnbomimgmb,
`mbymh mfii
`ndmf guimi gnimhuhmb prasndur ibi pmdm pmsinb dnbomb hainsistitis mhut dmb

pmsinb dnbomb `mtu duhtus haindahus. Sncmrm tnaritis hnubtubomb tibdmhmb ibi
di`mbdibohmb prasndur habvnbsiabmi mdmimf dmpmt gnbourmboi pnrmwmtmb di
rugmf smhit dmb `imym ymbo dihniumrhmb, pmsinb dmpmt cnpmt hng`mii `nhnrjm,
bynri gnburub dmb pnr`mihmb hasgntih. Gmsmimf ymbo `niug tnrpncmfhmb
mdmimf hnmgmbmb dmri prasndur ibi, `nrfu`ubomb dnbomb ibsidnb hagpiihmsi
snpnrti cndnrm duhtus `iiimris ymbo gubohib dmpmt tnrjmdi in`if snribo snimgm
hainsistnhtagi impmrashapi.

EE. HABSNZ DMSMP HNZNPM_MTMB

M. ZNBOHMKEMB
=. Ednbtitms Zmsinb
Bmgm, ugur/tmboomi imfir, jnbis hnimgib, mimgmt, momgm, pnbdidihmb, pnhnrjmmb,
suhu/`mbosm, stmtus pnrbihmfmb
0. Ednbtitms Znbmbooubo jmwm`
Bmgm, ugur/tmboomi imfir, jnbis hnimgib, mimgmt, momgm, pnbdidihmb, pnhnrjmmb,
suhu/`mbosm, stmtus pnrbihmfmb.
3. Piwmymt Hnsnfmtmb

m. Hniufmb ^tmgm
Gnrupmhmb hniufmb ymbo pmiibo utmgm ymbo dirmsmhmb ainf hiinb smmt
pnbohmjimb. @imsmbym hniufmb utmgm ymbo hiinb rmsmhmb mdmimf bynri
m`dagnb pmdm humdrmb hmbmb mtms, dmb gumi gubtmf.
`. Piwmymt Hniufmb ^tmgm
Gnrupmhmb pnbong`mbomb diri dmri hniufmb utmgm gnimiui gntadn Z]PST,
pmiimtil mtmu pravahmtil (Z) ymitu lacus utmgm hniufmb hiinb, qumiity mtmu
humiitms (]) ymitu `momigmbm bynri/omtmi dirmsmhmb ainf hiinb, rnoiabmi (P)
ymitu bynri/omtmi gnbjmimr hngmbm, Smlnty (S) ymitu pasisi ymbo `momigmbm

ymbo dmpmt gnbourmboi bynri/omtmi mtmu hiinb gnrmsm bymgmb dmb Tign (T)
ymitu snjmh hmpmb hiinb gnrmsmhmb bynri/omtmi tnrsn`ut. Hiinb
snribo
 gnbomimgi bynri di uiu fmti ymbo gnbjmimr hn pubooubo , dmb `nrtmg`mf
`nrmt sntnimf gmhmb disnrtmi dnbomb gumi dmb gubtmf.
c. Piwmymt Znbymhit dmfuiu
Znriu dihmji mpmhmf hiinb pnrbmf gnbdnritm pnbymhit smgm mtmu pnrbmf di
riwmymt sn`niugbym. Hiinb gngiiihi @ady Gmss Ebdnx (@GE)
tibooi,

gngpubymi rnsiha in`if tibooi ubtuh tnrjmdi hainiitimsis. Ebi

hmrnbmhmb dnbomb tibooibym @GE gmhm hmdmr hainstnrai dmimg hmbdubo
ngpndu pub
tibooi.
d. Piwmymt Hnsnfmtmb Hniumrom
Gnbohmji mdm mtmu tidmhbym hniumrom hiinb pnrbmf gnbdnritm
pnbymhit hainiitimsis. Znbymhit hainiitimsis tidmh gnburub, hmrnbm
pnbymhit ibi gnbynrmbo snhniagpah gmbusim ymbo gngiiihi paim gmhmb
dmb omym fidup ymbo tidmh snfmt. Tmpi armbo dnbomb riwmymt hniumrom
hainiitimsis gngpubymi rnsiha in`if `nsmr di`mbdibo dnbomb tmbpm riwmymt
hniumrom.

4. Znbohmjimb Znrsistng
m. Hnmdmmb ^gug
`. TT\
c. @rnmtf (@=)
d. @iaad (@0)
n. @rmib (@3)
l. @imddnr (@4)
o. @awni (@>)
f. @abn (@<)

>. @msic Zragatibo Zfysiaiaoy Fnimtf

m. mhtivitms dmb istirmfmt ( oniismf, hningmfmb )
`. sirhuimsi ; tmhihmrdi, `nrhnribomt
c. niigibmsi ; pnru`mfmb wmrbm uribn/lnsns, tnrm`m gmsm pmdm hwmdrmb
mtms m`dagnb
d. gmhmbmb dmb cmirmb ; mbarnhsim, gumi, gubtmf
n. bynri/ hnbymgmbmb ; haiih mdagnb gnbyn`mr hn pubooubo dmb `mfu
hmbmb, distnbsi m`dagnb dmb bynri tnhmb pmdm hwmdrmb m`dagnb mtms
l. pnrbmpmsmb ; pnbibohmtmb lrnhunbsi pnrbmpmsmb, bmpms pnbdnh dmb dmbohmi

o. hnmgmbmb ; dngmg, gnbooioii, ihtnrih, `nrhnribomt dmb omtmi

 f. pnbyuiufmb / png`nimjmrmb ; hncnbdnrubomb hniumrom ubtuh gnbjmdi
`mtu ngpndu, mdmbym hnfmgiimb / gnimfirhmb ; riwmymt DG, pnbymhit
iblimgmsi usus

@. DEMOBASM HNZNPM_MTMB

=. Hntidmhnlnhtilmb Zaim bmlms `nrfu`ubomb dnbomb fipnrvnbtiimsi

0. Bynri mhut `nrfu`ubomb dnbomb monb cndnrm `iaiaois (Eblnhsi)
3. Ebtainrmbsi mhtivitms `nrfu`ubomb dnbomb tirmf `mribo
4. Mbsintms `nrfu`ubomb dnbomb

C. EBTNP\NBSE
DV = Hntidmhnlnhtilmb Zaim bmlms `nrfu`ubomb dnbomb fipnrvnbtiimsi

BAC BEC
- Stmtus Znrbmlmsmb Gabitar Znrbmlmsmb
- Stmtus pnrbmlmsmb ; pnrtuhmrmb oms =. Gabitar tmbdm-tmbdm vitmi
- Stmtus Znrbmlmsmb ; \ 0. Gabitar hncnpmtmb, irmgm,
nbtiimsi Dnbomb Hritnrim fmsii ; hndmimgmb, dmb hnsuiitmb `nrbmlms
- Dyspbnu smmt istirmfmt 3. Gabitar sumrm bmlms tmg`mfmb
dipnrtmfmbhmb
pmdm shmim 4 (`nrmt) ditibohmthmb
Gmbmjngnb Msgm
hn shmim 4 (ribomb)
4. Ednbtilihmsi Zngicu ymbo dihntmfui
- Dyspbnu dnbomb mhtivitms ribomb
>. Mjmrhmb tnhbih pnboa`mtmb ymbo
dipnrtmfmbhmb hn shmim 3
tnpmt (Gis, Ebfminr, Bn`uiiznr)
(cuhup) ditibohmthmb hn shmim > (tidmh
mdm)
Tnrmpi Ahsionb
- Simbasis dipnrtmfmbhmb pmdm shmim
<. @nrihmb tnrmpi ahsionb snsumi
3 (cuhup) ditibohmthmb hn shmim >
hn`utufmb
(tidmh mdm)
- Sumrm bmlms tmg`mfmb
dipnrtmfmbhmb
pmdm shmim 0 (`nrmt) ditbohmthmb
hn shmim > (tidmh mdm)
- Znbooubmmb atat `mbtu pnrbmpmsmb
dipnrtmfmbhmb pmdm shmim 0
(`nrmt) ditibohmthmb hn shmim > (tidmh
mdm)
DV 0 Bynri mhut `nrfu`ubomb dnbomb monb cndnrm `iaiaois (Eblnhsi)

BAC BEC
- Habtrai bynri Gmbmjngnb Bynri
Ebdihmtar ; =. Imhuhmb pnbohmjimb bynri sncmrm
- Gnbonbmii hmpmb bynri hagprnfnbsil
tnrjmdi
0. A`snrvmsi mdmbym pntubjuh
dipnrtmfmbhmb pmdm shmim 3 (hmdmbo-
bab vnr`mi
hmdmbo gnbubjuhmb)
3. Mbjurhmb gntadn lmrgmhaiaoi
- Gnbooubmhmb tibdmhmb
ubtuh gnburubhmb bynri
bynri dipnrtmfmbhmb pmdm shmim 0
(jmrmbo gnbubjuhmb) ditibohmthmb hn
Zng`nrimb Mbmiontih
shmim 4 (snribo gnbubjuhmb)
4. Cnh mdmbym riwmymt minroi a`mt
- Gnimparhmb bynri
>. @nrihmb mbmiontih snsumi dnbomb
tnrhabtrai dipnrtmfmbhmb pmdm shmim
rnsnp dahtnr
0 (jmrmbo gnbubjuhmb) ditibohmthmb
hn shmim 4 (snribo gnbubjuhmb)

DV 3 Ebtainrmbsi mhtivitms `nrfu`ubomb dnbomb tirmf `mribo

BAC BEC
- Tainrmbsi tnrfmdmp mhtivitms Mhtivity Tfnrmpy
- Dmym Tmfmb =. Hmji mhtivitms ymbo gmgpu diimhuhuhmb
Dnbomb Hritnrim fmsii ; ainf pmsinb
- Mhtilitms lisih dipnrtmfmbhmb pmdm 0. @mbtu pmsinb ubtuh gngiiif
shmim 0 (`mbymh tnromboou) mhtivitms snsumi dnbomb hngmgpumb
ditibohmthmb hn
3. Mbjurhmb pmsinb ubtuh `mbymh
shmim > (tidmh tnromboou) `nristirmfmt
- Gnimhuhmb mhtivitms rutib 4. Mbjurhmb hniumrom ubtuh gng`mbtu
dipnrtmfmbhmb hn shmim 3 (cuhup pmsinb dmimg gnimhuhmb mhtivitms
tnromboou) ditibohmthmb hn shmim >
(tidmh tnromboou
- Hninimfmb dipnrtmfmbhmb pmdm shmim
3 (sndmbo) ditibohmthmb hn shmim >
(tidmh mdm)

DV 4 Mbsintms `nrfu`ubomb dnbomb pnru`mfmb `nsmr pmdm stmtus hnsnfmtmb

 BAC BEC
Tibohmt Hncngmsmb Mbxinty Pnductiab
Dnbomb hritnrim fmsii ; =. Ednbtilihmsi Tibohmt hncngmsmb pmsinb
- Znrmsmmmb oniismf dipnrtmfmbhmb 0. Darabo pmsinb ubtuh gnboubohmphmb
pmdm shmim 3 (sndmbo) ditibohmthmb hn pnrmsmmb, hntmhutmb dmb pnrsnpsi
shmim > (tidmh mdm) 3. Dnbomrhmb dnbomb pnbuf pnrfmtimb
- _mjmf tnombo dipnrtmfmbhmb pmdm shmim 3 4. Knimshmb prasndur dmb mpm
(sndmbo) ditibohmthmb hn shmim > (tidmh ymbo dirmsmhmb snimgm
mdm) prasndur
- Pmsm cngms ymbo dismgpmihmb >. Ebstruhsihmb pmsinb ubtuh rnimhsmsi
sncmrm iismb dipnrtmfmbhmb pmdm shmim 4 bmlms dmimg
(cuhup
`nrmt) ditibohmthmb hn shmim > (tidmh mdm)

D. EGZINGNBTMSE
Egpingnbtmsi mdmimf snrmbohmimb hnoimtmb ymbo diimhuhmb ainf pnrmwmt ubtuh
gng`mbtu hiinb dmimg gmsmimf stmtus hnsnfmtmb ymbo difmdmpi hn stmtus hnsnfmtmb
ymbo in`if `mih.

N. N\MI^MSE
Nvmiumsi mdmimf pnr`mbdibomb ymbo sistngmtih dmb tnrnbcmbm tnbtmbo hnsnfmtmb
hiinb dnbomb tujumb ymbo tnimf ditntmphmb.

DMLTMP Z^STMHM
@uincfnh, O. G., @utcfnr, F. H., Dacftnrgmb, K. G., & _mobnr, C. G. (0:=7). Bursibo
Ebtnrvnbtiab Cimssilicmtiab (BEC) (Ndisi Hnnbmg nd.). (@. Ebdabnsim, Nd.) Nisnvinr
Gacagndim.

Fnrdgmb, T. F., & Hmgitsuru, S. (0:=>-0:=7). Dimobasis Hnpnrmwmtmb Dnlibisi &

Himsilihmsi (=: nd.). Kmhmrtm; @uhu Hndahtnrmb NOC.
Gaarfnmd, S., Kfabsab, G., Gmms, G. I., & Swmbsab, N. (0:=7). Bursibo Autcagns
Cimssilicmtiab (BAC) (Ndisi hniigm nd.). (@. Ebdabnsim, Nd.) Nisnvinr Gacagndim.

Zmtrich CDO, dhh., 0:=>. Omg`mrmb ^itrmsabaormli @mtu Ngpndu pmdm Zrim & _mbitm di
@moimb Pmdiaiaoi LH ^BSPMT @I^ PS^Z ZPAL. DP. P. D. Hmbdau Gmbmda
Znriadn Ahta`nr 0:=0 – Ahta`nr 0:=4. Gmbmda ; Kurbmi n-Ciibic ( nCE ), \ai.3 Ba.=,
Kmbumri – Mprii 0:=>.

Sgnitznr, SC dmb @mrn, @O. 0:=3. @uhu Mjmr Hnpnrmwmtmb Gndihmi @ndmf. Ndisi 6. \ai.0.

Kmhmrtm ; Znbnr`it @uhu Hndahtnrmb NOC

ZNBUEGZMBOMB HDG
 Znbupuhmb hagpabnb dmb gmsuhbym nscfnricim caii
dmri smiurmb usus hn dmimg smiurmb dmb hmbtubo ngpndu

Znru`mfmb cmirmb ngpndu dmb hnsnig`mbomb

praduhsi ngpndu

Tnr`nbtuh ibti ymbo img`mt imub gnbn`mi dmb

gnbhristmi gnbjdi `mtu

Hristmi mtmu `mtu `nronrmh mtmu `nronsnr

Gnbyug`mt smiurmb Znru`mfmb stmtus Gnboonsnh guhasm

ngpndu Bynri mhut
hnsnfmtmb smiurmb ngpndu

Lubosi ngpndu Fngaoia`ib gnburub

tnromboou Oniismf

Fipnrvnbtiimsi
Ombooumb
Mbsintms
gntm`aiisgn
Dyspbnu
Nbnroy ymbo
difmsiihmb
Hntidmhnlnhtilm
`nrhurmbo
b Zaim Bmlms

Hninmimfmb, tirmf
`mribo

Ebtainrmbsi mhtivitms