HISTORY OF PLUMBING: NATURAL SURFACE - Obtained from ponds,

lakes and rivers.

Master Plumber John F. Haas - first Chief of the
Division of Plumbing Construction and UNDERGROUND- Obtained from below
Inspection. ground surface by means of mechanical and
manual equipment.
National Master Plumbers Association of the
Philippines (NAMPAP) - was formally 2. TREATMENT: (SECHETFI)
organized in 1935
SEDIMENTATION - Particles or matters that are
R.A. 1378 “Plumbing Law of the Philippines” - suspended in the water are allowed to stay in a
approved by President Ramon Magsaysay. container so that the will settle in the bottom, then
drawing the water out, leaving these sediments in the
Republic Act No. 6541 - “Building Code of the container.
Philippines”
CHEMICAL TREATMENT - Water are given chemical
I. FUNDAMENTALS OF WATER treatments to kill the harmful bacteria present and to
SUPPLY: cure the turbid taste or mud-taste, remove clay, salts,
iron, etc. Commonly used chemical is chlorine.
 Capital: Manila
FILTRATION - Water are filtered on various processes,
 Population of 109 million
so as to remove the particles of vegetable matter, mud,
 3 million people lack access to safe water and other particles of matter present in the water. Most
 7 million people lack access to improved commonly used materials are the sand and gravel.
sanitation
 3. PROCESS AND DISTRIBUTION:
water source - screening - pumps - coagulation
WATER - clarification – disinfection – filtration - uv
 Combination of two chemical elements called disinfection - pumps - storage reservoirs
HYDROGEN and OXYGEN. reservoirs pump station - distribution
 Liquid form: 839 times heavier than air; 1,000 HYDROLOGIC CYCLE / WATER CYCLE
Kg. per cubic meter Gaseous form: 133 times
lighter than air.
 covers 71% of the Earth's surface
 96.5% of planet’s water ocean
 1.7% glaciers and ice caps
 0.001% in air vapor clouds (formed of solid and
liquid water particles suspended in air), and
precipitation.
 2.5% freshwater
 98.2% ice and groundwater
 Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers,
lakes, and the atmosphere

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM: 3 PHASES (WTW)

1. WATER SOURCE:
DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER:
RAINFALL - Obtained from roofs and 1. HARD WATER
watersheds.
 Heavily Treated Water
2. SOFT WATER
  Almost Fresh to Lightly II. WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
 portion of the water supply system in
3. FRESHWATER which water is conveyed from the water
 Water Coming from Bodies of Water treatment plant
except Seas and Oceans
4. SALTWATER PUBLIC WATER DISTRIBUTION:
 Water Coming from Seas and Oceans 1. DIRECT PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION:
5. MINERAL WATER  obtain its supply of water through a
 Water Coming from the Springs large intake pipe, installed in the lake
6. DISTILLED WATER basin extended down the water.
 Water that has many of its impurities  The water inside the reservoir is
removed through distillation. pumped by a centrifugal, or piston
Distillation involves boiling the water pump into the water main with
and then condensing the steam into a sufficient pressure to serve specific
clean container.
7. PURIFIED WATER
 Water that is mechanically filtered or
processed to be cleaned for
consumption
8. ALKALINE WATER
 Water that contains alkaline minerals. It needs.
is also less acidic than regular drinking
water and has a higher pH
9. TAP WATER
 Water Coming from the TAP of the
Fixtures
10. POLLUTED WATER
 Water with presence of POLLUTANTS.
2. INDIRECT PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION:
11. CONTAMINATED WATER
 Is when the water drawn from a drilled
 Water with presence of
distribution is done by indirect
CONTAMINANTS.
pressure.
SOURCE OF WATER:  turbine pump is employed mounted on
top of the standpipe extended down
WATER SUPPLY: the well below the water table

 the supply of purified water to a

community, usually including
facilities for storing and distributing
this water, as reservoirs and
pipelines.
BUILDING WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM:  the part of the system that releases
water into the bowl to clear waste
1. NORMAL WATER PRESSURE:
 Water is directly distributed using the 2. FLUSH TANK:
water pressure from the public water  stores water and refills the bowl after
main line each flush
2. PNEUMATIC WATER SUPPLY:
 A water supply system in which water is
distributed from a water main or an
enclosed storage tank under pressure
from compressed air.
3. GRAVITY WATER SYSTEM:
 A water supply and distribution system
in which the water source is set at a Types of Water Closet (MOUNTING)
height sufficient to maintain adequate
supply pressure throughout the water 1. FLOOR MOUNTED:
distribution system.  typical bowl-and-tank configuration,
with the tank visible and the bowl
connected to the floor.
2. WALL MOUNTED:
 placed inside the wall, with just the
bowl sticking out.

III. PLUMBING FIXTURES

PLUMBING FIXTURES
TYPES OF WATER CLOSET ACCORDING TO
 Any of various receptacles for receiving FLUSHING ACTION
water from a water system and
discharging the liquid waste into a
drainage system.

SOIL FIXTURES:
WATER CLOSET:
 a toilet facility maintained within a
toilet room for the purpose of both
defecation and urination and which is
flushed with water.
SIPHON JETT
 A toilet bowl in which the flushing water enters
through the rim and siphonic action initiated by
a water jet draws the content of the bowl
through the trapway.

TYPES OF WATER CLOSET (FLUSHING)

1. FLUSH VALVE:
 THROUGH URINAL:
 looks like an animal
feeding trough
 has a design that
REVERSE TRAP accommodates up to
eight men.
 A toilet bowl similar to the siphon-jet, but  popular for commercial
having a smaller water surface and trapway. restrooms as trough
urinals take up the same
space as bucket urinals
 less expensive. While more economical in terms
of plumbing and space, they are less private.
 made of stainless steel, but some porcelain
trough urinals are available.

WASH DOWN STALL URINAL:

 A toilet bowl having a simple washout action  Either the floor or flange
and emptying through a small, irregular supports. There are two
kinds of stall urinals out
there in the market, and
 half-stall urinal and the
full-stall urinal.
 The former is supported
by a flange, while the
passage.
latter is supported by the
floor.

BLOW OUT SCULLERY FIXTURE

 A toilet bowl design that does not use siphoning KITCHEN SINK:
in the trapway instead uses a strong amount of
water to create a quick and powerful flush.  A basin connected with water supply and
drainage system for washing.

TYPES OF URINAL
WALL-HUNG URINAL:
 popular in both
residential and
commercial settings.
 has a drain at or below
foot level, with the
stream directed against
the back surface.
BATHING FIXTURES
 porcelain models or
intricate. LAVATORY:
  A bowl or basin with running water for washing
the face and hands.
BATH TUB:
 An oblong tub to bathe in, esp. one that is a
permanent
SHOWER:
 A bath in which water is sprayed on the body
from an overhead nozzle or showerhead.
SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM:
BUILDING SEWER:
 A drain connecting a building drain to a public
sewer or private treatment facility.
BUILDING DRAIN:
 The lowest part of a drainage system that
receives the discharge from soil and waste
stacks inside the walls of a building and conveys
it by gravity to the building sewer.
STACK:
 A vertical waste pipe or vent pipe serving a
number of floors.
SOIL STACK:
 A vertical soil pipe.
WASTE STACK:
 A vertical waste pipe.
BRANCH:
 A drain connecting one or more fixtures to a soil
or waste stack.
VENT:
 A pipe connecting a drain near on or more traps
to a vent stack or stack vent.
TRAP:
 A U-shaped or S-shaped section of drainpipe in
which liquid remains and forms a seal for
preventing the passage of sewer gas without
affecting the normal flow of waste water or
sewage through it.
CLEANOUT:
 A pipe fitting with a removable plug giving
access to a soil or waste pipe for inspection or
cleaning.
FIXTURE UNIT:
 A unit for measuring the probable demand for
water by a plumbing fixture, or the probable
discharge of liquid waste from the fixture,
equivalent to 7 1/2 gallons or one cubic foot per
minute.
SEWAGE DISPOSAL:
TYPES:
Cesspool:
 receiving the sewage from a house, having a
perforated lining to allow the liquid portion of
the sewage to leach into the ground while the
sludge is retained in the pit to undergo
decomposition.
Septic Tank:
 receiving the discharge from a building sewer,
separating out the solid organic matter which is
decomposed and purified by anaerobic bacteria,
 and allowing the clarified liquid to discharge for
final disposal
Public Sewer Line:
 public sewer system, operated and maintained
by the government consisting of a sewage
treatment plant that conveys the raw sewage
from buildings and houses to a disposal system.
SEWAGE:
 The liquid waste containing animal or vegetable
matter in suspension or solution that passes
through a sewer.
SCUM:
 A layer of sewage matter that rises to the
surface of the sewage in a septic tank.
SLUDGE:
 Sediment that settles out of sewage, forming a
semi-solid mass on the bottom of a septic tank.
EFFLUENT:
 Liquid sewage that has been treated in a septic
tank or a sewage treatment plant.
INSIDE DIMENSION OF SEPTICK TANK - 1.5 x
0.9
STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM
 A network of structures, channels and
underground pipes that carry storm water (rain
water) to ponds, lakes, streams and rivers.
STORM DRAIN:
 A sewer for conveying rainfall drained from
roofs and paved surfaces.
ROOF DRAIN:
 A drain designed to receive water collecting on
the surface of a roof and to discharge it into a
leader or a downspout.
SCUPPER:
 An opening in the side of a building, as in a
parapet, for draining off rainwater.
GUTTER:
 A channel of metal or wood at the eaves or on
the roof of a building, for carrying off rainwater.
LEADER HEAD:
 The boxlike head of a downspout connected to
a scupper or gutter.
DOWNSPOUT:
 A vertical pipe for conveying rainwater down
from a roof or gutter to the ground.
SHOE:
 The base of a downspout, curved outward to
direct the flow away from the wall.
SPLASH BLOCK:
 A precast concrete block having a depressed,
splayed surface, placed at the base of a
downspout to disperse rainwater that would
otherwise erode the soil.
CATCH BASIN:
 A receptacle for the runoff of a surface water,
having a basin which retains heavy sediment
before it can pass into an underground
drainpipe.
AREA DRAIN:
 A drain for collecting surface water or rainwater
from a basement floor or paved area.
CLASSIFICATION:
1. Inside Storm Drain: Sometimes located under
the basement floor or within the walls of the
building. This type is commonly found in
buildings constructed along congested business
district, or building that occupies the entire
frontage of the lot. The drainpipe is laid under
the floor or walls of the structure.
 2. Outside Storm Drain: Installed outside the TYPES OF VALVE
foundation wall of the building. This type is
possible on location where the lot is not totally
occupied by the building. CORPORATION STOP:
3. Overhead Storm Drain: Adopted when the
street drainage is higher in elevation than the
basement floor of the building. The purpose is
to avail of the gravity flow of water. The pipe is
well fitted and suspended inside the ceiling by
suitable hangers spaced at closer intervals.

IV. PLUMBING PIPES AND FITTINGS

PIPE FITTING:  A valve controlling the flow of water or gas from
a main to a service pipe.
 A standard part, as an elbow, union, or tee, for
connecting two or more pipes. CURB COCK:
 A control valve for shutting off the water supply
PIPES FOR WATER SUPPLY to a building in case of an emergency, installed
in a water service pipe and operated by means
GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE: of a long key inserted through a curb box.
 made out from mild steel, drawn to a die and CURB BOX:
welded, cast into 6.00 meters long. This type of
pipe is easily corroded by alkaline and acid  A vertical enclosure with a removable cover
water. providing access to a curb cock.

SHUTOFF VALVE:
 Any valve for shutting off the flow of water or
gas from a supply pipe.

WATER METER:
 A device for measuring and recording the
quantity of water that passes through a pipe.

FAUCET:
 A device for controlling the flow of a liquid from
a pipe by opening or closing an orifice.

V. VALVES AND CONTROL DEVICES

 VI. PUMPS AND PUMPING SYSTEM
PUMP
 A machine that raises, transfers, or compresses
fluids or gases by the suction or pressure
produced by a piston, plunger, or set of rotating
vanes.