Intermediate Algebra Functions and

Authentic Applications 5th Edition Jay

Lehmann Solutions Manual
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 Chapter 6
Polynomial Functions
Homework 6.1 24.  6x2  3x  1   4x2  8x  3
2. 4x3 + 2x2 + 9 is a cubic expression in one  6 x2  4 x 2  3x  8 x  1  3
variable.
 2 x 2  11x  4
4. –7x2 – 5 is a quadratic expression in one
variable. 26. 5x3  x  6   9 x3  4x2  6
6. 3m6n2 – 9m3n2 + 8mn3 is a polynomial  5 x3  9 x3  4 x 2  x  6  6
expression of degree 8 in two variables.  14 x3  4 x 2  x  12

8. 4 x 2  7 x  3 x 2  9 x  4 x 2  3 x 2  7 x  9 x
2
 7 x  16 x
28. b2  6bc  4c2   5b2  3bc  2c2 
 b 2  5b 2  6bc  3bc  4c 2  2c 2
10. 7 x 2  6 x  4 x3  1  2 x3  x 2  4b 2  9bc  6c 2
 4 x3  2 x3  7 x 2  x 2  6 x  1
 2 x3  8 x 2  6 x  1
30.  6 x 4 y  x3 y 2  3 x 2 y 3 
  4 x3 y 2  3 x 2 y 3  5 xy 4 
12. 2m3n  4mn 2  8m3n  7mn 2
 6 x 4 y  x3 y 2  4 x3 y 2  3 x 2 y 3  3 x 2 y 3
 2m3n  8m3n  4mn 2  7 mn 2
 5 xy 4
 6m3n  3mn 2
 6 x 4 y  3x3 y 2  5 xy 4
14. 3r 4  r 3t  4r 2t 2  6rt 2  4r 2t 2  4rt 3
32. f (4)  2(4) 2  5(4)  3  9
 3r 4  r 3t  4r 2t 2  4r 2t 2  6rt 2  4rt 3
 3r 4  r 3t  6rt 2  4rt 3
34. g (2)  3(2) 2  8(2)  1  5

16. 5x2  3x  6   7 x2  5x  1 36. g (0)  3(0)2  8(0)  1  1

2 2
 5 x  7 x  3x  5 x  6  1
 2 x 2  2 x  5 38. h(2)  2(2)3  4(2)  8

18.  5x3  8x2  4   4 x3  x  9 40. h(1)  2(1)3  4(1)  2

 5 x3  4 x3  8 x 2  x  4  9
42. f(0) = 0
 9 x3  8 x 2  x  5
44. f(2) = 0
20.  6t 2
 2tw  w 2
   4t 2
 9tw  3w 2
 46. a = 0 or a = 2
2 2 2 2
 6t  4t  2tw  9tw  w  3w
48. There is no solution.
 2t 2  7tw  4w2
50. f(3) = 1
22.   
x3 y  5 x 2 y 2  2 xy3  5 x 2 y 2  4 xy 3  7 y 4  52. f(6) = 19
 x y  5 x y  5 x y  2 xy  4 xy  7 y 4
3 2 2 2 2 3 3

 x3 y  2 xy 3  7 y 4 54. x = 2 or x = 4

56. There is no solution.

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186 ISM: Intermediate Algebra

58. The x-intercepts are x = –1.9 and x = 4.3. The 76. a.  C  R  t 

y-intercept is –5.99.  1.13t  39.29    0.94t  144.88 
60.  1.13t  0.94t  39.29  144.88
 0.19t  184.17

b. For the expression C(t) + R(t), we have

C(t) = annual consumption of chicken in
pounds per person + R(t) = annual
consumption of red meat in pounds per
62. person. The units of the expression are
total annual consumption of both types of
meat in pounds per person.

c.  C  R  48  0.19  48   184.17  193.29

In 1970  48  2018 , the annual
64.
consumption of meat will be
193.29 pounds per person.

d.  C  R  t 
 1.13t  39.29    0.94t  144.88 
66.  1.13t  0.94t  39.29  144.88
 2.07t  105.59

e.  C  R  48  2.07  48   105.59  6.23

This means that in 2018, consumption of
red meat will exceed consumption of
68. f   
 h  x   4 x 2  2 x  8  3 x 2  4 x  9  chicken by 6.23 pounds per person.

2 2
 4 x  3x  2 x  4 x  8  9 78. a. U  C  t 
2
 x  6x  1   0.47t  24.68 

f 2
 h  3   3  6  3  1  10 
 0.13t 2  0.54t  11.24 
2
 0.13t  0.47t  0.54t  24.68  11.24
70.  g  h  x    7 x 2  5 x  1   3x 2  4 x  9   0.13t 2  1.01t  35.92
 7 x 2  3x 2  5 x  4 x  1  9 b. For the expression U(t) + C(t), we have
 10 x 2  9 x  8 U(t) = United States’ market share of
world manufacturing output in percent +
 g  h  4   10  4 2  9  4   8  204 C(t) = China’s market share of world
manufacturing output in percent. The units
72. f   
 h  x   2 x3  4 x  1  x3  3 x 2  2 x  of the expression are market share of world
manufacturing output in percent.
3 3 2
 2 x  x  3x  4 x  2 x  1
 3x3  3 x 2  2 x  1 c. U  C 17   0.13 17 2 1.0117   35.92
3 2
f  h  2   3  2   3  2   2  2   1  9  56.32
In 2000  17  2017 , the total market share

 g  h  x    3x 2  5 x  3   x3  3x 2  2 x 
of world manufacturing output of the
74. United States and China combined will be
  x3  3 x 2  3 x 2  5 x  2 x  3 56.32%.
  x3  3 x  3
 g  h  1    13  3  1  3  5

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d. U  C  t 
  0.47t  24.68 

 0.13t 2  0.54t  11.24  84. Answers may vary. Example:
2
 0.13t  0.47t  0.54t  24.68  11.24
 0.13t 2  0.07t  13.44
e. U  C 17 
2
 0.13 17   0.07 17   13.44
 22.94
In 2017, China’s total market share of
world manufacturing output will exceed
that of the United States by 22.94%.
80. Answers may vary. Example:
The student is incorrect because f and g are not
multiplied by x. They are functions of x. For
example:
f ( x)  5 x 2  7 x  4
g ( x)  8 x 2  3 x  1
 f  g  x   f ( x)  g ( x)
  
 5 x 2  7 x  4  8 x 2  3x  1
2
 13 x  4 x  3
82. a. i. No. You cannot add two polynomials
of one degree (e.g., quadratic) to
create a polynomial of a higher degree
(e.g., cubic).
ii. Yes. Two polynomials of the same
degree (e.g., quadratic) can be added
to create another polynomial of the
same degree. For example:
  
3x 2  5 x  4  4 x 2  3x  1
2
 7 x  8x  3
iii. Yes. Adding a quadratic polynomial to
another quadratic polynomial with
opposite values can create a linear
function. For example:
3x2  5x  4   3x2  3x  1
 8 x  3
iv. Yes. Adding a quadratic polynomial to
another quadratic polynomial with
opposite values can create a constant.
For example:
3x2  5x  4   3x2  5x  1  3
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Chapter 6: Polynomial Functions 187
b. Two quadratic polynomials can be
summed as another quadratic polynomial,
a linear function, or a constant.
3x 4  2 x 4  x 4  3  x 4  2
 x4  3  2 
 x4  5
 5x4
86. Answers may vary. Example:
A company may have two product lines whose
revenue functions are f(x) and g(x),
respectively. To show the company’s total
revenue from both product lines in a given
year, they can use the sum function f(x) + g(x).
To show how one product line’s revenues is
exceeding the other product line’s revenues,
they can use the difference function f(x) – g(x).
88. d
90. e
92. f
94.  g  f  x   g  f  x  
 g  2 x  3
 4  2 x  3  5
 8 x  12  5
 8x  7
 g  f  3  8  3  7  17
96.  g  f  x   g  x   f  x 
  4 x  5    2 x  3
 4x  5  2x  3
  2x  8
 g  f  2   2  2   8  12
98. 7(3) x  51  83
7(3) x  134
3x  19.1429
x  2.6870
This is an exponential equation in one
variable.
100. 7(3x)  51  83
7(3 x)  134
3x  19.1429
x  6.3810
This is a linear equation in one variable.
188 ISM: Intermediate Algebra

Homework 6.2 28.  5 x  3  2 x 2  7 x  4 

 
2. 5 x3 7 x 6  35 x9  10 x3  35 x 2  20 x  6 x 2  21x  12
 10 x3  29 x 2  41x  12


4. 7 w4 y 3 3w3 y 6  21w7 y 9  30.  a  b   a 2  ab  b2 
6. 9 x  4 x  4   36 x 2  36 x  a3  a 2b  ab 2  a 2b  ab 2  b3
 a 3  b3


8. 7 w2 y 6 w2  2 wy  8 y 2
4 3 2
 42 w y  14 w y  56 w y
10. ( x  9)( x  2)  x 2  2 x  9 x  18
 32.  3x  5 y   4 x 2  2 xy  y 2 
2 3
 12 x3  6 x 2 y  3xy 2  20 x 2 y  10 xy 2  5 y3
 12 x3  14 x 2 y  13 xy 2  5 y 3

 x 2  11x  18
34.  x2  4x  1 x2  3x  2
12. (4 p  7)(2 p  3)  8 p 2  12 p  14 p  21  x 4  3x3  2 x 2  4 x3  12 x 2  8 x  x 2
2
 8 p  2 p  21  3x  2
 x 4  7 x3  15 x 2  11x  2
14.  5 x  6  3x  2   15 x 2
 10 x  18 x  12
2
 15 x  28 x  12 36.  x2  2 xy  y2 3x2  xy  2 y2 
 3x 4  x3 y  2 x 2 y 2  6 x3 y  2 x 2 y 2  4 xy 3
16.  3.5 x  1.3 2.2 x  4.7 
 3x 2 y 2  xy 3  2 y 4
 7.7 x 2  16.45 x  2.86 x  6.11
 3x 4  5 x3 y  7 x 2 y 2  3 xy3  2 y 4
 7.7 x 2  19.31x  6.11

18. 8 p  t  7 p  4t   56 p 2  32 pt  7 pt  4t 2 38.  x  9 2   x  9  x  9 
 56 p 2  25 pt  4t 2  x 2  9 x  9 x  81
 x 2  18 x  81
20.  3m  4 p  3m  6 p 
 9m2  18mp  12mp  24 p 2 40.  x  12   x  1 x  1
 9m2  30mp  24 p 2  x2  x  x  1
 x2  2 x  1
22.  4a2  9b2 3a2  2b2  42.  7 x  2 2   7 x  2  7 x  2 
4 2 2 2 2 4
 12a  8a b  27 a b  18b
 49 x 2  14 x  14 x  4
 12a 4  35a 2b 2  18b 4
 49 x 2  28 x  4
24. 2 x 2  3x  2  2 x  5 
44.  6.7 x  1.9 2
 2x 2
 6x  15x  4 x  10
2
  6.7 x  1.9  6.7 x  1.9 
 2 x 2  6 x 2  11x  10   44.89 x 2  12.73x  12.73x  3.61
 12 x 4  22 x3  20 x 2  44.89 x 2  25.46 x  3.61

  
26. 2 x x 2  7  x  3  2 x x3  3 x 2  7 x  21  46.  3 p  7t 2   3 p  7t  3 p  7t 
 9 p 2  21 pt  21 pt  49t 2
 2 x 4  6 x3  14 x 2  42 x
 9 p 2  42 pt  49t 2

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 Chapter 6: Polynomial Functions 189

 5m 2  4 p 2 
2 2
48. 68. f  c  1   c  1  3  c  1
 c 2  2c  1  3c  3
  5m 2  4 p 2  5m2  4 p 2 
 c2  c  2
4 2 2 2 2 4
 25m  20m p  20m p  16 p
2
 25m 4  40m2 p 2  16 p 4 70. f b  2  b  2  3 b  2
 b 2  4b  4  3b  6
2
50. 5 x  3 x  2   5 x  3 x  2  3 x  2   b 2  7b  10
 2
 5 x 9 x  6 x  6 x  4 72. f  a  3  f  a 
 5 x  9 x  12 x  4 
2

3
 45 x  60 x  20 x 2
   a  3 2
  2
 3  a  3   a   3  a  
2 2
 a  6a  9  3a  9  a  3a
52.  x  7  x  7   x 2 2
 7 x  7 x  49  x  49  6a

74. f a  f a  h
 5 x  9  5 x  9   25 x 2  45 x  45 x  81
 a    
54. 2 2
  3a  a  h  3a  h
 25 x 2  81

56.  7m  4n  7m  4n 
2
 2
 a  3a  a  2ah  h  3a  3h 2

2
 2ah  h  3h
 49m 2  28mn  28mn  16n 2
 49m 2  16n 2 76. f  x    x  5
2

  x  5  x  5 
58.  7ab  5c  7ab  5c 
 x 2  5 x  5 x  25
 49a 2b 2  35abc  35abc  25c 2
 x 2  10 x  25
 49a 2b 2  25c 2
2
f  x   4  x  2  7
60. 5 p2  7q2 5 p2  7q2  78.
 4  x  2  x  2   7
 25 p 4  35 p 2 q 2  35 p 2 q 2  49q 4
 25 p 4  49q 4
 
 4 x2  2x  2x  4  7

 4  x2  4x  4  7
62.  x  1 x  1  x 2  1   x 2  x  x  1 x 2  1  4 x 2  16 x  16  7


 x2  1 x2  1   4 x 2  16 x  9

 x4  x2  x2  1 80. f  x   2  x  4   3
2
4
 x 1  2  x  4  x  4   3

64.  2m  5n  2m  5n   4m2  25n2   

 2 x 2  4 x  4 x  16  3

 2  x  8 x  16   3
2

 4m 2  10mn  10mn  25n 2  4m2  25n2 
 2 x 2  16 x  32  3
  4m 2  252  4m2  25n 2 
 2 x 2  16 x  29
4 2 2 2 2 4
 16m  100m n  100m n  625n
 16m4  625n 4 82.  g  h  x    3x  2   2 x 2  4 x  3
2  6 x3  12 x 2  9 x  4 x 2  8 x  6
66. f  6b    6b   3  6b   36b 2  18b
 6 x3  8 x 2  x  6T
 g  h  3  6  33  8  32  3  6  99

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190 ISM: Intermediate Algebra

84.  h  k  x   2 x 2  4 x  3 3x 2  x  5  b. W  N  t    0.084t  0.32  t  31

 0.084t 2  2.924t  9.92
 6 x 4  2 x3  10 x 2  12 x3  4 x 2
 20 x  9 x 2  3x  15 c. For the expression W(t) · N(t), we have
4 3 2
 6 x  10 x  5 x  23 x  15 W(t) = World Internet population in
billions × N(t) number of web pages viewed
 h  k  2   6  2 4  10  2 3  5  2 2  23  2  15 per person per day. The units of the
 27 expression are number of web pages
viewed per day, in billions.
86.  g  g  x    3x  2  3x  2 
 9 x2  6 x  6 x  4 d. W  N 17 
2
 9 x 2  12 x  4  0.084 17   2.924 17   9.92
 83.904
 g  g  4   9  4 2  12  4   4  196 In 2000  17  2017 , the total number of
pages that will be viewed each day by
88.  g  f  x    5 x  3 4 x  1 everyone in the world is 83.904 billion.
 20 x 2  5 x  12 x  3
 20 x 2  17 x  3
e. W  N 18
2
 0.084 18   2.924 18   9.92
 g  f  1  20  12  17  1  3  6
 89.768
If 89.768 billion web pages are viewed
90.  g  k  x    5 x  3  2 x 2  4 x  3 each day in 2018, then the total number of
pages viewed throughout 2018 is
 10 x3  20 x 2  15 x  6 x 2  12 x  9
89.768  365  32,765.32 billion, or about
 10 x3  14 x 2  3x  9 32.765 trillion pages.
 g  k  2   10  2 3  14  2 2  3  2   9
 133 f.

92.  k  k  x   2 x 2  4 x  3 2 x 2  4 x  3
 4 x 4  8 x3  6 x 2  8 x3  16 x 2
 12 x  6 x 2  12 x  9
 4 x 4  16 x3  28 x 2  24 x  9
 k  k 1  4 14  16 13  28 12  24 1  9
1
Between 2000 and 2020, the function
W  N is increasing, which means that the
total number of pages that will be viewed
by everyone is increasing.
96. a. S (t )  1.8t  22

94. a. W  t   0.084t  0.32

N (t )  0.6t 2  9t  670
N  t   t  31

Both models fit the data well.

Both models fit the data well.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Chapter 6: Polynomial Functions 191

b.  S  N  t  b.  x  4 2   x  4  x  4 
 1.8t  22   0.6t 2  9t  670   x 2  4 x  4 x  16
 1.08t 3  16.2t 2  1206t  13.2t 2  x 2  8 x  16
 198t  14,740
 1.08t 3  29.4t 2  1404t  14,740 c.  x  4 2

c. For the expression S(t) · N(t), we have S(t)

= average salary in thousands of dollars per
professor × N(t) = number of professors in
thousands. The units of the expression are |
in millions of dollars.
x 2  8 x  16
d.  S  N  38 
3 2
 1.08  38   29.4  38   1404  38 
 14,740
 169,807.36
In 1980  38  2018 , the total average
salary for professors at public colleges and 102. The student did not correctly multiply the
universities will be $169,807.36 million, or equation, or did not complete the addition.
about $170 billion.  3x  5 2   3x  5 3x  5
e.  9 x 2  15 x  15 x  25
 9 x 2  30 x  25

104. 8 x  1 x  4   8 x 2  32 x  x  4
 8 x 2  31x  4
The function is increasing. This means that
the total salary of professors at public  x  4 8 x  1  8 x 2  x  32 x  4
colleges and universities has been  8 x 2  31x  4
increasing since 1980 and will continue to
increase through 2020.  
4 2 x 2  1  31x  8 x 2  31x  4

98. The student treated the equation like a 106. Answers may vary.
difference of squares.
 2 x  9 y 2   2 x  9 y  2 x  9 y  108.  g  h  x    4 x  5    2 x 2  3x  1
 4 x 2  18 xy  18 xy  81 y 2
 4 x  5  2 x2  3x  1
2 2
 4 x  36 xy  81y
 2x2  x  4

100. a.  x  4 2  g  h  2   2  2 2   2   4
824
2

110.  g  h  x    4 x  5    2 x 2  3x  1
 8 x3  12 x 2  4 x  10 x 2  15 x  5
2 2
x 4  8 x3  22 x 2  19 x  5
 g  h  1  8  13  22  12  19  1  5
 8  22  19  5
 54

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

192 ISM: Intermediate Algebra

112.  g  f  x   g  f  x    3b 4 c 5 
2
 9b 2c 3 
2

 
 g x2
126.  2 3 
 9b c 
 
  4 5 
 3b c 
 
 4  x2   5
4 6
81b c

9b8c 10
 4 x2  5
9c 6 10
 g  f  3  4  32  5  36  5  31  8 4
b
9c 4
114.  k  h  x   k  h  x    12
b

 k 2 x 2  3x  1  This is an expression in two variables

 
involving exponents.
 2 x2  3x  1  3
Homework 6.3
 2 x 2  3x  4
 k  h  2   2  2 2  3  2   4  8  6  4  6 2 x6  9 x 2 2 x6 9 x2
2.    2 x4  9
x2 x2 x2
116. f  x    4 x  7  4 x  7  Check:
 16 x 2  28 x  28 x  49
 16 x 2  49
This is a quadratic function.

2 2
118. f  x    x  6   x  6
 x 2  12 x  36  x 2  12 x  36 8 x3  20 x 8 x3 20 x
4.    2 x2  5
 24 x 4x 4x 4x
This is a linear function. Check:

120. logb  x  4   logb  x  7   logb  x  4  x  7 


 logb x 2  3 x  28 
122. logb  p  2   2 logb  p  2 
2 10c5  8c3  4c 2 10c5 8c3 4c 2
 logb  p  2  p  2  6.   
 logb  p  2  p  2  p  2  2c 2 2c 2 2c 2 2c 2
 5c3  4c  2
   p  2
 logb p 2  4 Check:
 logb  p3  2 p 2  4 p  8 

124.

18 x5  5 x 4  6 x3 18 x5 5x4 6 x3
8.   
6 x 3 6 x36 x3 6 x3
5
 3x 2  x  1
6
Check:
This is an exponential function in one variable.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Chapter 6: Polynomial Functions 193

20 x6  35 x 4  10 x 2 20 x6 35 x 4 10 x 2 2x  5
10.    2
5x 3
5x 3
5x 3
5x 3 20. x  3 2 x  11x  15
3 2
 4x  7x  2 x 2  6 x
x
Check: 5 x  15
5 x  15
5x3    4 x3  7 x  2x   20 x6  35x4  10 x2 0
2 x 2  11x  15
 2x  5
2b5  9b 4  15b 2b5 9b 4 15b x3
12.    Check:
3b3 3b3 3b3 3b3
2
 b 2  3b  2
5  x  3   2 x  5   2 x 2  5 x  6 x  15
3 b  2 x 2  11x  15
Check:
5x  3
 3b3    23 b2  3b  b52   2b5  9b4  15b 2
22. x  2 5 x  7 x  6

5 x 2  10 x
x5 y  x 4 y 2  x 2 y 4 x5 y x 4 y 2 x 2 y 4 3x  6
14.   
xy xy xy xy 3x  6
 x 4  x3 y  xy 3 0
Check: 5x2  7 x  6
 5x  3
 xy    x 4 3
 x y  xy 3
 x yx 5 4 2
y x y 2 4
x2
Check:

6 w5 p  12w4 p 2  2 w3 p3  x  2    5 x  3  5 x 2  3x  10 x  6
16.
6 w2 p  5x2  7 x  6
6 w5 p
12w4 p 2 2w3 p3 4w  1
  
6 w2 p 6 w2 p 6 w2 p 2
24. 2w  6 8w  26 w  7
1
 w3  2 w2 p  wp 2
3 8w2  24w
Check: 2w  7
2 w  6
 
 1
6w2 p   w3  2 w2 p  wp 2 
 3

 1
 6w5 p  12 w4 p 2  2w3 p3 8w2  26 w  7 1
 4w  1 
2w  6 2w  6
18 x5 y  9 x 2 y 3  7 xy 4 Check:
18.
3 xy 2
 2w  6    4w  1  1
 8w2  2w  24w  6  1
18 x5 y 9 x 2 y 3 7 xy 4
    8w2  26 w  7
3 xy 2 3 xy 2 3 xy 2
6 x4 7 5x  2
  3xy  y 2
y 3 2
26. 3x  4 15 x  14 x  6
Check:
 6 x4 15 x 2  20 x
7 
 
3 xy 2   
 y

 3xy  y 2 
3 
6 x  6
6x  8
 18 x5 y  9 x 2 y 3  7 xy 4 2
15 x 2  14 x  6 2
 5x  2 
3x  4 3x  4

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194 ISM: Intermediate Algebra

Check: Check:
 3x  4    5 x  2   2  15 x 2
 6 x  20 x  8  2
2
 15 x  14 x  6

3x  5
28. 4 x  1 12 x 2  23x  2
34. 7  13w2  6w3  9w  6 w3  13w2  9 w  7
12 x 2  3 x
3w2  w  2
 20 x  2
20 x  5 2w  5 6 w  13w2  9w  7
3

3
6w3  15w2
2
12 x  23 x  2 3 2 w2  9 w
 3x  5 
4x  1 4x  1 2 w 2  5 w
Check:
 4w  7
 4 x  1   3x  5   3  12 x 2  20 x  3x  5  3 4 w  10
 12 x 2  23 x  2 3
7  13w2  6 w3  9 w 3
2
30. 10b  35  27b  10b  27b  352  3w2  w  2 
2w  5 2w  5
2b  7 Check:
2
5b  4 10b  27b  35

10b 2  8b
35b  35
35b  28
7
36. x 2  5  x 2  0 x  5
10b 2  27b  35 7
 2b  7  x2
5b  4 5b  4 2
Check: x  2 x  0x  5
 5b  4    2b  7   7  x2  2 x
2
 10b  35b  8b  28  7 2x  5
 10b 2  27b  35 2x  4
9
3x2  2 x  4 x2  5 9
 x2
32. 5 x  2 15 x3  4 x 2  24 x  11 x2 x2
Check:
15 x3  6 x 2
10 x 2  24 x
10 x 2  4 x
 20 x  11
20 x  8
3
15 x3  4 x 2  24 x  11 3
 3x 2  2 x  4 
5x  2 5x  2

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Chapter 6: Polynomial Functions 195

38. 27 x3  64  27 x3  0 x 2  0 x  64 Check:
9 x 2  12 x  16
3x  4 27 x  0 x 2  0 x  64
3

27 x3  36 x 2
36 x 2  0 x
5b  3
36 x 2  48 x 2 3 2
48 x  64 44. 2b  4 10b  6b  20b  17
48 x  64
10b3  0b 2  20b
0
 6b 2  0b  17
27 x3  64
 9 x 2  12 x  16 6b 2  0b  12
3x  4
Check: 5
10b3  6b 2  20b  17 5
2
 5b  3  2
2b  4 2b  4
Check:

40. 6 x3  11x 2  5  6 x3  11x 2  0 x  5

3x 2  4 x  2
2 x  1 6 x3  11x 2  0 x  5
46. 3 2 11 18 9
6 x3  3x 2 6 15 9
2 5 3 0
8 x 2  0 x
8x2  4 x 2 x3  11x 2  18 x  9
 2 x2  5x  3
4x  5 x3
4x  2 Check:
3
6 x3  11x 2  5 3
 3x2  4 x  2 
2x  1 2x  1
Check:

48. 5 4 18 7 15
20 10 15
4 2 3 0
4 x3  18 x 2  7 x  15
 4 x2  2 x  3
2x  5 x5
2 3
42. x  2 2 x  5 x  4 x  7 2 Check:

2 x3  0 x 2  4 x
5 x 2  0 x  7
5 x 2  0 x  10
3
2 x3  5 x 2  4 x  7 3
2
 2x  5  2
x 2 x 2

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

196 ISM: Intermediate Algebra

50. 1 2 5 10 60. a.  x  2  x  5   x 2  5 x  2 x  10

2 7
 x 2  7 x  10
2 7 3
3k 2  7k  1 3 x2
 2k  7 
k 1 k 1 b. x  5 x 2  7 x  10
Check:
 x2  5x
2 x  10
2 x  10
0
x 2  7 x  10
 x2
x5
52. 7  3x3  9 x  2 x 2  3x3  2 x 2  9 x  7
2 3 2 9 7 c. Answers may vary.
6 8 2
3 4 1 5 62. Answers may vary. Example:
5 x2  3x  2
7  3 x3  9 x  2 x 2 5  5x  2
 3x 2  4 x  1  x 1
x2 x2
Check: 64. Answers may vary. Example:
If the division of two polynomials has
remainder 0, then there is no remainder, and
the product of the divisor and quotient equals the
dividend.

66. Answers may vary.

54. 2 x3  7 x 2  5  2 x3  7 x 2  0 x  5
3 2 7 0 5 68. Answers may vary.
6 39 117 70. Answers may vary. Example:
2 13 39 112 Multiply the divisor by the quotient and add
2 x3  7 x 2  5 112 the remainder. The result should equal the
 2 x 2  13x  39  dividend.
x3 x3
Check:
72. 8x2  10 x  3  4 x  1
 32 x3  8 x 2  40 x 2  10 x  12 x  3
 32 x3  32 x 2  22 x  3
Check:

56. The student did not simplify the second term

correctly.
3 x5  6 x 2 3 x5 6 x2 3x 6
    2
7 x4 7x 4
7x 4 7 7x

58. The student should have written 2 inside the

divisor box, instead of 2.
2 3 7 3 2
6 26 58
3 13 29 60
3 x3  7 x 2  3 x  2 60
 3x 2  13x  29 
x2 x2

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Chapter 6: Polynomial Functions 197

74. 8x2  10 x  3   4 x  1 82. 5   2 x  3  x  4

5  2x  3  x  4
 8 x 2  10 x  3  4 x  1 2 x  8  x  4
 8 x 2  14 x  4 3 x  8  4
Check: 3x  4
4
x
3
This is an inequality in one variable.

Homework 6.4

2x  3 2. x 2  17 x  30   x  15  x  2 
2
76. 4 x  1 8 x  10 x  3

8 x 2  2 x 4. x 2  8 x  15   x  5  x  3
 12 x  3
12 x  3 6. k 2  2k  24   k  6  k  4 
0
8 x 2  10 x  3 8. x 2  3x  40   x  8  x  5 
 2x  3
4x  1
Check: 10. This expression is prime since there are no two
integers with a product of –18 and a sum of –11.

12. x 2  14 x  49   x  7  x  7 

14. w2  16 w  64   w  8  w  8 

78.  4 x  12  16 x 2  8 x  1
16. 12  x 2  13x   x  12  x  1
Check:

18. p 2  17 pt  16t 2   p  16t  p  t 

20. x 2  10 xy  21y 2   x  7 y  x  3 y 

80. Solve the equation for y: 22. r 2  4rt  12t 2   r  6t  r  2t 

3x  2 y  4
2 y  3x  4 24. This expression is prime since there are no two
3 integers with a product of –32 and a sum of 2.
y  x2
2
26. m2  mr  42r 2   m  6r  m  7 r 

28. 5 x  20  5  x  4 

This is a linear function in two variables. 30. 21x 2  35 x  7 x  3 x  5 


32. 16 w4  24 w2  8w2 2w2  3 

34. 25 p 2 q  45 pq3  5 pq 5 p  9q 2 

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198 ISM: Intermediate Algebra

36. 32 x3 y  40 x 2 y 4  8 x 2 y 4 x  5 y3   64. Both students are correct. The order of the

factors being multiplied does not matter.

38. 22 x3 y 3  33xy 2  11xy 2 2 x 2 y  3   66.  x  5 x  9   x 2  9 x  5 x  45

 x 2  4 x  45
40. 7 x 2  21x  14  7 x 2  3x  2   x  9  x  5   x 2  5 x  9 x  45
 7  x  2  x  1  x 2  4 x  45

68. a. x 2  6 x  8   x  4  x  2 

42. 4 x 2  4 x  80  4 x 2  x  20 
 4  x  4  x  5  b.

44. 36  6t 2  6t  6 t 2  t  6 
 6  t  3 t  2 
The x-intercepts are x = 2 and x = 4.
2
46. 2 x  24 x  72  2 x  12 x  36  2
 c. The factors in part (a) are equal to the
 2  x  6  x  6  x-intercept of f. This makes sense when
f(x) = 0.

48.  x 2  2 x  35  1 x 2  2 x  35  70. Answers may vary. Examples:
 1 x  7  x  5  x3  2 x 2  24 x  x  x  4  x  6 
x3  12 x 2  36 x  x  x  6  x  6 
50. 2 p 2  20 p  32  2 p 2  10 p  16  x3  36 x  x  x  6  x  6 

52. 2 x3  10 x 2  12 x  2 x x 2  5 x  6   72. To factor x 2  kx  32 , find all the values of p

 2 x  x  3 x  2  and q such that pq = –32 and p + q = k.
Product = 32 Sum = k
4 3
54. t  5t  36t  t 2 2
t 2
 5t  36  1 32   32 1  32  31
2  16   32 2  16  14
t 2
 t  9  t  4 
4  8   32 4  8  4
1 32   32
56. 2 x3  18 x 2 y  28 xy 2  2 x x 2  9 xy  14 y 2   2 16   32
1  32  31
2  16  14
 2 x  x  7 y  x  2 y 
4  8   32 4  8  4

58. 3a3b  3a 2b 2  36ab3  3ab a 2  ab  12b 2   74. Answers may vary.

 3ab  a  4b  a  3b 
 
76. 3  3 x  2  2 x  5   3 6 x 2  15 x  4 x  10

 3  6 x  19 x  10 
4 3 2 2 3
60. 5 x y  20 x y  20 x y 2


 5 x 2 y x 2  4 xy  4 y 2   18 x 2  57 x  30
 5 x 2 y  x  2 y  x  2 y 

62. The student went too far by expanding after


78. 6 p 2  22 p  20  2 3 p 2  11 p  10 
 2  3 p  5  p  2 
factoring.
x 2  10 x  24   x  4  x  6 

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 Chapter 6: Polynomial Functions 199

80.  2 x2  x  33x2  4 x  2 18. 7t 2  24t  9   7t  3 t  3

 6 x 4  8 x3  4 x 2  3 x3  4 x 2  2 x  9 x 2
 12 x  6 20. 6 x 2  19 x  8   3x  8  2 x  1
 6 x 4  5 x3  x 2  14 x  6
22. This expression is prime.
82. 9 y 2  42 y  49   3 y  7  3 y  7 
24. 10m  1  25m2   5m  1 5m  1

84. 98  ab3
26. 8 x 2  9 x  14   8 x  7  x  2 
9  ab8
9
b5  28. 4 x 2  21x  20   4 x  5  x  4 
98
b  0.62
3 30. 12w2  19 w  10  12 w  5  w  2 
98  a  0.62 
a  411.2
x 32. 8m 2  26mn  15n 2   4m  3n  2m  5n 
y  411.2  0.62 
This is an exponential equation in two
variables. 34. 16 p 2  31 pt  2t 2  16 p  t  p  2t 

2 x 1 36. This expression is prime.

86. 3  2  238
22 x 1  79.3333 38. 9b 2  24bc  16c 2   3b  4c  3b  4c 
 2 x  1 ln 2  ln 79.3333
2 x  1  6.3099
40. 6 x 2  9 x  60   6 x  15  x  4 
2 x  7.3099
x  3.6549
This is an exponential equation in one 
42. 10 x 2  8 x  24  2 5 x 2  4 x  12 
variable.  2  5 x  6  x  2 
Homework 6.5

44. 65 x 2  25 x  30 x3  5 x 13 x  5  6 x 2 
3 2

2. x  2 x  5 x  10  x  5  x  2  2
  5 x  3x  5  2 x  1


4. 2 x3  4 x 2  5 x  10  2 x 2  5  x  2   
46. 56 x 4  44 x3  8 x 2  4 x 2 14 x 2  11x  2 
 4x 2
 7 x  2  2 x  1

6. 15k 3  10k 2  3k  2  5k 2  1  3k  2  

48. 8 x 2 y  40 xy 2  50 y 3  2 y 4 x 2  20 xy  25 y 2 

8. 6 x3  9 x 2  2 x  3  3x 2  1  2 x  3   2 y  2 x  5 y  2 x  5 y 

10. ax  5ay  3bx  15by   x  5 y  a  3b  50. 15a3b  36a 2b 2  12ab3


 3ab 5a 2  12ab  4b 2 

12. 3ax  7 ay  3b 2 x  7b 2 y  a  b 2  3 x  7 y    3ab  5a  2b  a  2b 

14. 5 x 2  13 x  6   5 x  3 x  2  52. x 2  3 x  18   x  6  x  3

16. 3x 2  19 x  14   3 x  2  x  7  
54. 5t 3  15t 2  4t  12  5t 2  4  t  3 

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200 ISM: Intermediate Algebra


56. 6a 2b3  36ab 4  48b5  6b3 a 2  6ab  8b 2
 6b3  a  4b  a  2b 
58. This expression is prime.
60. 8 x 2  37 x  15   8 x  3 x  5 
62. x  3xy  28 y   x  7 y  x  4 y 
2 2
 Factor by method in Section 6.4:
Find m and n using the previous method. Use
m and n to write the factors.
x 2  6 x  8   x  4  x  2 
The second method is easier. Answers may
vary.
80. Answers may vary.


82. 2 x3  20 x 2  42 x  2 x x 2  10 x  21 
3 2
64. 5k  40k  80k  5k k  8k  16  2
  2 x  x  7  x  3

 5k  k  4  k  4 

84. 5 y  2 y  3 2 y  3  5 y 4 y 2  6 y  6 y  9 

66. 3x  6  30 x 2  3 10 x 2  x  2   5 y  4 y2  9
 3  5 x  2  2 x  1  20 y 3  45 y

68. 2ax  4ay  3bx  6by   x  2 y  2a  3b 


86. 24 x 2  48 x  3x3  3 x 8 x  16  x 2 
70. This expression is prime.  3 x  x  4  x  4 

72. 24 w4 y  44 w3 y 2  40w2 y3 88.  w2  5  w  7   w3  7w2  5w  35

2
 2
 4 w y 6w  11wy  10 y 2

 4 w y  3w  2 y  2w  5 y 
2 90. 3  2t  5   2  2t  3  12
6t  15  4t  6  12
74. The student did not factor properly. 2t  21  12
2t  33
4 x 2  8 x  3   2 x  3 2 x  1
t  16.5
This is a linear equation in one variable.
76. The answer is correct, but it would have been
 5 x  2   3x 2  4 x  2 
easier to factor out 4 first and then factor the
quadratic expression. 92.


4 x 2  32 x  60  4 x 2  8 x  15   15 x3  20 x 2  10 x  6 x 2  8 x  4
 4  x  3 x  5   15 x3  26 x 2  18 x  4
This is a cubic polynomial in one variable.
78. Factor by grouping:
Homework 6.6
In x 2  6 x  8 , a  1 , b  6 , and c  8 . Find
all the values of m and n such that mn = ac = 8 2. x 2  9   x  3 x  3
and m + n = c = 6.
Product = 8 Sum = 6?
4. t 2  81   t  9  t  9 
1 8  8 1 8  9
2  4  8 2  4  6  Success!
6. 25 x 2  16   5 x  4  5 x  4 
1 8   8 1   8   9
2  4   8 2   4   6 8. This expression is prime.
2 2
x  6x  8  x  2x  4x  8
10. 81k 2  49r 2   9k  7r  9k  7r 
 x  x  2  4  x  2
  x  4  x  2 

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 Chapter 6: Polynomial Functions 201

12. 45 x 2  20  5 9 x 2  4   40. x6  y 6
 5  3x  2  3 x  2  
 x3  y 3  x3  y3 

  x  y  x 2  xy  y 2   x  y   x2  xy  y2 
3 3
14. 50m t  72mt  2mt 25m  36t  2 2

 2mt  5m  6t  5m  6t  42. p 2  9 pt  20t 2   p  4t  p  5t 

  
16. 81x 4  1  9 x 2  1 9 x 2  1

44. 4 x3 y  4 y 4  4 y x3  y 3 
  9 x 2  1  3 x  1 3x  1

 4 y  x  y  x 2  xy  y 2 

18. a 4  81b 4  a 2  9b 2  a2  9b2  46. 2 x  x 2  80   x  10  x  8 
  a 2  9b 2   a  3b  a  3b 
48. 2 x 4 y  24 x3 y 2  70 x 2 y 3

20. x3  64   x  4  x 2  4 x  16   
 2 x 2 y x 2  12 xy  35 y 2 
 2 x 2 y  x  5 y  x  7 y 
22. x3  27   x  3 x 2  3 x  9  

50. t 2  18t  81  1 t 2  18t  81 
24. r  1   r  1 r  r  1
3
 2
  1 t  9  t  9 

52. This expression is prime.

26. 27 x3  64   3 x  4  9 x 2  12 x  16  

54. 4 x3  x 2  16 x  4  x 2  4  4 x  1 
28. 1000 x  27  10 x  3 100 x  30 x  9
3
 2
   x  2  x  2  4 x  1

30. 8w3  125 y3   2w  5 y  4 w2  10 wy  25 y 2   56. 15 x 4  55 x3  20 x 2  5 x 2 3 x 2  11x  4  

 5x 2
 3x  1 x  4 
32. 64c  125d   4c  5d  16c  20cd  25d
3 3
 2 2


58. 75r 2  27 y 2  3 25r 2  9 y 2 
34. 10 x3  640  10 x3  64    3  5r  3 y  5r  3 y 

 10  x  4  x 2  4 x  16  60. 6 x 2  11x  10   2 x  5  3 x  2 

36. 4 x5  32 x 2 y 3  4 x 2 x3  8 y3   62. 36 x 4  21x3 y  3 x 2 y 2  3x 2 12 x 2  7 xy  y 2  

 4x 2
 x  2y x 2
 2 xy  4 y 2
  3x 2
 4 x  y  3x  y 


38. t 6  64  t 3  8 t 3  8   64. This expression is prime.

  t  2   t 2  2t  4   t  2   t 2  2t  4  
66. 64 x3  125   4 x  5  16 x 2  20 x  25 
68. r 2  20r  100   r  10  r  10 

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202 ISM: Intermediate Algebra

70. 9 x3  27 x 2  x  3  9 x 2  1  x  3   90. A2  AB  B 2  x 2  xy  y 2
  3 x  1 3x  1 x  3 Answers may vary. Example:
The only possible factors that would produce
the first and last terms are  x  y  and
72. 64 x 2  16 x  1   8 x  1 8 x  1
 x  y  . But no combination of these factors
74. This expression is prime. will result in the given expression.

3 2 5
 x  y  x  y   x2  2 xy  y 2
76. 5a b  5000b
 x  y  x  y   x 2  2 xy  y 2

 5b 2 a3  1000b3   x  y  x  y   x 2  y 2
 5b 2
 a  10b   a 2
 10ab  100b 2 
92. Answers may vary.
3 2
78. 2 x  20 x  32 x  2 x x  10 x  16  2
 94. 8 x  18 x  1  64 x 2  1
 2 x  x  8  x  2 
96. 81c 2  25   9c  5  9c  5 
80. 98 x3  18 x  2 x 49 x 2  9  
 2 x  7 x  3 7 x  3 98.  w  3  w2  3w  9   w3  27
82. 16m4  n 4

100. 8m3  125   2m  5  4m 2  10m  25 

 4m  n 2
 4m  n 
2 2 2

  4m2  n 2   2m  n  2m  n  102. log3  4w  2   4

4 w  2  34
84. The student incorrectly made the subtraction 4w  79
sign an addition sign. w  19.75
x3  27   x  3 x 2  3x  9  This is a logarithmic equation in one variable.

8b6c3   4b4c6 
23 12
86. The student incorrectly wrote 2ax instead of 104.
ax.  2 6 2 3 2   1 4 1 6 1 
x3  a3   x  a  x 2  ax  a 2    83 b 3 c 3   42 b 2 c 2 
  
  
88. a. x3  x 2  4 x  4  x 2  4  x  1    
 4b 4 c 2 2b 2 c 3 
4  2 2  3
  x  2  x  2  x  1  4  2 b c
2 1
 8b c
b. 8
 2
b c
This is an expression in two variables
involving exponents.

The x-intercepts are x = –2, x = 1, and Homework 6.7

x = 2.
2.  x  3 x  9   0
c. The factors in part (a) match the x  3 or x  9
x-intercepts of f. This makes sense because
the cubic function equals 0 when x = 1,
x = 2, or x = –2.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Chapter 6: Polynomial Functions 203

4. r 2  3r  28  0 22. 10 x 2  30 x  20
 r  7  r  4   0 2
10 x  30 x  20  0
r  7 or r  4

10 x 2  3 x  2  0 
10  x  1 x  2   0
6. x2  6 x  5  0
x  1 or x  2
 x  5  x  1  0
x  5 or x  1
24. 4 w  4  w2
2
8. 16  x 2  8 x  0 w  4w  4  0
 x  4  x  4   0  w  2  w  2   0
w2
x  4

10. 36  y 2  5 y  0 26. 49 x 2  4

 y  4  y  9   0 49 x 2  4  0
y  4 or y  9  7 x  2  7 x  2   0
2 2
2
x or x 
12. 64 x  9  0 7 7
 8 x  3 8 x  3  0
3 3 28. 4 x3  100 x  0
x   or x 
8 8 
4 x x 2  25  0 
4 x  x  5  x  5   0
14. 4 p 2  3 p  10  0 x  0, x  5, or x  5
 4 p  5 p  2   0
5 30. 5 p 2  35 p
p or p  2
4
5 p 2  35 p  0
5 p  p  7  0
16. 2 x 2  6 x  80  0
p  0 or p  7

2 x 2  3x  40  0 
2  x  8  x  5   0 32. 10 x  8 x 2  3
x  8 or x  5 8 x 2  10 x  3  0
 4 x  3 2 x  1  0
18. 12 x3  2 x 2  2 x  0
3 1

2 x 6 x2  x  1  0  x
4
or x  
2
2 x  3x  1 2 x  1  0
1 1 34. 36 x  24 x 2  4 x3
x  0, x   , or x  4 x3  24 x 2  36 x  0
3 2

2

4 x x2  6 x  9  0 
20. x  11x  12
4 x  x  3 x  3  0
x 2  11x  12  0 x  0 or x  3
 x  12  x  1  0
x  12 or x  1

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

204 ISM: Intermediate Algebra

36. 8 x3  14 x 2  4 x 48. y 3  3 y 2  4 y  12  0
3 2
8 x  14 x  4 x  0  y 2  4   y  3  0

2 x 4x2  7 x  2  0   y  2  y  2  y  3  0
2 x  4 x  1 x  2   0 y  2, y  2, or y  3
1
x  0, x   , or x  2
4 50. 3 x 2  4 x  12  x3
3 2
x  3x  4 x  12  0
38.
2
9 x  24 x  16  0
24 x  9 x 2  16
 x 2  4   x  3  0
 x  2  x  2  x  3  0
 3x  4  3x  4   0 x  2, x  2, or x  3
4
x
3 52. x  x  3  3x  x  4 
1 2 3 x  3 x  3x 2  12 x  0
2
40. x  x2
8 4 2 x 2  9 x  0
1 2 3
x  x20  x  2x  9  0
8 4 9

1 2
8
x  6 x  16  0  x  0 or x 
2
1
 x  8  x  2   0 54. 2w2  2  w  1  w 1  w 
8
x  8 or x  2 2 w 2  2 w  2  w  w2  0
3w2  w  2  0

42.
t 2
t
 
1  3w  2  w  1  0
5 2 5 2
2 w or w  1
t t 1 3
  0
5 2 5
1
10

2t 2  5t  2  0  56.  x2  7 x  6 x2  3x  4  0
1  x  6  x  1 x  4  x  1  0
 2t  1 t  2   0 x  4, x  1, or x  6
10
1
t  or t  2 58. Substitute 0 for f(x) and solve for x:
2
x 2  4 x  21  0
44.
1
x2 
0  x  7  x  3  0
49 x  7 or x  3
 1  1 The x-intercepts are (7, 0) and (3, 0).
 x   x    0
 7  7
1 1 60. Substitute 0 for f(x) and solve for x:
x  or x  
7 7 16 x 2  81  0
 4 x  9  4 x  9   0
46.  x  3 x  2   24
9 9
x 2  x  6  24  0 x or x  
4 4
x 2  x  30  0 9   9 
The x-intercepts are  , 0  and   , 0  .
 x  6  x  5  0 4   4 
x  6 or x  5

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Chapter 6: Polynomial Functions 205

62. Substitute 0 for f(x) and solve for x:

6 x3  15 x 2  6 x  0

3x 2 x 2  5 x  2  0
3x  2 x  1 x  2   0
1 x = –1.45, x = 2 or x = 3.45
x  0, x   , or x  2
2 82. x = 0 or x = 2
 1 
The x-intercepts are (0, 0),   , 0  , and
 2  84. x = 1
  2, 0  . 86. a.

64. Substitute 0 for f(x) and solve for x:

4 x3  12 x 2  9 x  27  0
 4 x 2  9   x  3  0 A quadratic function would fit the data
 2 x  3 2 x  3 x  3  0 best. Answers may vary.
3 3
x   , x  , or x  3 b.
2 2
 3  3 
The x-intercepts are   , 0  ,  , 0  , and
 2  2 
 3, 0  .
The model fits the data fairly well.
2
66. f (4)   4    4   6  14
c. The n-intercept is 74, which means that in
2000, 74 million U.S. households had
68. x2  x  6  6 VCRs.
x 2  x  12  0
 x  4  x  3  0 d. 18  t 2  10t  74
x  4 or x  3 0  t 2  10t  56
0  t 2  10t  56
70. x = –3 or x = 1 0  (t  4)(t  14)
t  4 or t  14
72. There is no solution.
In 2014, 18 million U.S. households will
74. x = 0 or x = 3 have VCRs.

76. x = –1, x = 1, or x = 3 88. a.

78.

The model fits the data well.

x = –1.79 or x = 2.79 b. The c-intercept is 43, which means that in

2000, 43 million metric tons of coal were
80. exported by the United States.

2
c. f 17   17   9 17   43  179
In 2017, 179 million metric tons of coal
will be exported by the United States.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

206 ISM: Intermediate Algebra

d. 79  t 2  9t  43 It does not make sense for first-quarter

2 Internet advertising revenues to be
0  t  9t  36 $3 billion in 1993, as there was very little
0   t  3 t  12  Internet commerce at the time. So, in 2005,
t  3 or t  12 Internet advertising revenues were
In 1997 and 2012, 79 million metric tons $3 billion.
of coal were exported by the United States.
92. a.
14 2
e.  is the ratio of U.S. coal imports to
63 9
U.S. coal outputs in 2011.
The number of metric tons of coal that will
be exported in 2018 is The model fits the data well.
2
f 18   18   9 18   43  205 b. 2017  2005  12
Let x be the number of metric tons of coal 2
f 12   34 12   383 12   1370  1670
that will be imported in 2018.
x 2 In 2017, the new-home sales rate will be
 1670 thousand, or 1.67 million homes per
205 9
year.
9 x  410
410
x  45.6 c. 34t 2  383t  1370  1370
9
About 45.6 metric tons of coal will be 34t 2  383t  0
imported in 2018. t  34t  383  0
383
90. a. t  0 or t   11.3
34
The sales rate in July will be
1370 thousand homes in 2016.

d. Answers may vary. Example:

The model fits the data well. The model predicts the new-home sales
rate will continue to increase The function
8 f might model the situation well for some
b. The r-intercept is  1.6 , which means
5 number of years.
that in 2000, first-quarter Internet
advertising revenues were $1.6 billion. 94. l  2w  3
l  w  65
c. f 18  
1 2 8
18 2  18    16  2w  3 w  65
25 25 5
2 w2  3w  65  0
In 2018, first-quarter Internet advertising
revenues will be $16 billion.  2w  13 w  5   0
w  6.5 or w  5
d.
1 2 2
t  t 3
8 l  2  6.5   3  10
25 25 5 The garden is 10 feet long by 6.5 feet wide.
1 2 2 7
t  t 0
25 25 5
1 2
25

t  2t  35  0 
1
 t  7  t  5  0
25
t  7 or t  5

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 Chapter 6: Polynomial Functions 207

96. l  w  6 104. The student treated the 2 as a solution, when it

2l  2 w  108 is a multiplier.
2  w  6  2 w   108  0 2 x 2  18 x  36  0
 
2 2w2  12 w  108  0 
2 x 2  9 x  18  0 
4w2  24 w  108  0 2  x  6  x  3  0


4 w2  6 w  27  0 x  6 or x  3

4  w  9  w  3  0 106. Answers may vary. Examples:

w  3 or w  9 f  x   x2  4 x  4
l  36  9
f ( x)  3x 2  12 x  12
The original rectangle is 9 meters long and
3 meters wide. f ( x)   x 2  4 x  4

98. A  (8  12)  96  44  140 108. Answers may vary. Example:

8  2 x 12  2 x   A f  x   ( x  4)( x  4)
8  2 x 12  2 x   140  x 2  8 x  16
96  40 x  4 x 2  140  0
110. Answers may vary. Example:
4 x 2  40 x  44  0

4 x 2  10 x  11  0 
4  x  11 x  1  0
x  1 or x  11
The border is 1 foot wide. The quadratic function g  x    x 2  6 x  9 is
100. A  (15  9)  112  135  112  247 a possible match for the graph.

15  2 x  9  2 x   A 112. Answers may vary.

15  2 x  9  2 x   247
135  48 x  4 x 2  247  0 25 x 2  64  0
114.
4 x 2  48 x  112  0
 5 x  8  5 x  8   0

4 x 2  12 x  28  0  x
8
5
or x 
8
5
4  x  14  x  2   0
x  2 or x  14 116. 25 x 2  64   5 x  8  5 x  8 
The frame has a border width of 2 inches. The
actual width of the frame is 13 inches. 118. 4w3  20w2  9w  45
102. The student did not bring the 12 over to the  
 4 w2  9  w  5 
left side to make the right side equal to 0.   2w  3 2 w  3 w  5 
 x  3 x  7   12
x 2  10 x  21  12  0 120. 4 w3  20w2  9w  45  0
 4 w2  9   w  5   0
2
x  10 x  9  0
 x  9  x  1  0
x  9 or x  1
 2w  3 2w  3 w  5   0
3 3
w   , w  , or w  5
2 2

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208 ISM: Intermediate Algebra

122. 4  3 x  5   2(5 x  1)  20 6.  f  g  x 
12 x  20  10 x  2  20
2 x  22  20
  
 3x3  7 x 2  4 x  2  2 x3  5 x 2  3 x  1 
3 2
2 x  42  x  2 x 7 x  3
x  21  f  g  2    2 3  2  2 2  7  2   3  11
124. 4 w3  20w2  w  5 7.  f  g  x 
4 w3  20 w2  w  5  0
  
 3 x3  7 x 2  4 x  2  2 x3  5 x 2  3x  1 
 4w  1  w  5  0
2
3
 5 x  12 x  x  1 2
 2w  1 2w  1 w  5   0 3 2
f  g  3  5  3  12  3   3  1
1 1  239
w   , , or 5
2 2
8.  x  7  x  7   x2  49
126. log 4 r  5
3

r 3  45
3

9. 8a 2b 5a3b5  40a5b6 
r  1024
r  10.0794 10.  4 p  9t  2 p  5t   8 p 2  2 pt  45t 2
128. log 2  2 x  3  log 2  x  2   2
log 2  2 x  3 x  2    2 11.  4 x  3  5 x 2  2 x  4   20 x3  23x 2  22 x 12
 2 x  3 x  2   22
2 x2  x  6  4 12.  3x  7 y 2  9 x 2  42 xy  49 y 2
2 x 2  x  10  0
 2 x  5 x  2   0 13.  6 p2  9t3  6 p2  9t3   36 p4  81t 6
x  2.5 or x  2

130. Answers may vary.

 
14. 3rt 3 2r 2  5rt  3t 2  6r 3t 3  15r 2t 4  9rt 5

2
132. Answers may vary. 15. 4 x  3 x  2   36 x3  48 x 2  16 x
134. Answers may vary.

Chapter 6 Review
16. 3m2  mp  2 p2  2m2  3mp  4 p2 
 6m4  7 m3 p  11m 2 p 2  10mp 3  8 p 4
1.  7 x3  5x2  9   2 x3  8x2  3x  17.
2
f  a  4    a  4   2  a  4   a 2  10a  24
 5 x 3  3 x 2  3 x  9
f  a  3  f  a 
5a3b  2a2b2  9ab3   8a3b  4a2b2  ab3 
18.
2.
3 2 2
 3a b  6a b  10ab 3
2
  a  3   2  a  3   a 2  2a 
 6a  3
2
3. f  2   3  2   5  2   2  24 2
19. f  x   2  x  4   3  2 x 2  16 x  29
4. f  2  9
20.  f  g  x    3x  7   2 x 2  4 x  3
5. x = 2 or x = 4  6 x3  26 x 2  37 x  21
 f  g  3  6  33  26  32  37  3  21  18

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 Chapter 6: Polynomial Functions 209

6 x5  2 x3  9 x 6 x5 2 x3 9x 26. 3 2 10 15 4
21. 2
 2
 2
 2 6 12 9
3 x 3 x
3x 3 x
2 3 2 4 3 5
3
 2 x  x 
3 x 2 x3  10 x 2  15 x  4 5
 2 x2  4 x  3 
x3 x3
20 w4 p  15w3 p 2  35w2 p3
22.
5 w2 p 27. 5 y 2  8  3 y 3  6 y  3 y3  5 y 2  6 y  8
20w4 p 15w3 p 2 35w2 p3 2 3 5 6 8
  
2
5w p 5w p 2
5 w2 p 6 2 8
3 1 4 0
 4 w2  3wp  7 p 2
5 y 2  8  3 y3  6 y
 3y2  y  4
4x  5 y2
23. 2 x  1 8 x 2  6 x  8
28. x3  x 2  16  x3  x 2  0 x  16
8 x 2  4 x
3 1 1 0 16
10 x  8
3 6 18
10 x  5
1 2 6 2
3
8x2  6 x  8 x3  x 2  16 2
 4x  5 
3  x2  2 x  6 
2x  1 2x  1 x3 x3

29. x 2  25   x  5  x  5 
2 x2  4 x  3
24. 3x  2 6 x3  16 x 2  17 x  2 2
30. x 2  12 x  36   x  6  x  6    x  6 
3 2
3 x  4 x
12 x 2  17 x 31. a 2  5ab  36b 2   a  9b  a  4b 
12 x 2  8 x
9x  2
9 x  6

32. 16a5b3  20a3b 2  4a3b 2 4a 2b  5 
4 33. This expression is prime.
6 x3  16 x 2  17 x  2 4
 2 x2  4 x  3 
3x  2 3x  2 34. 3w2  5wy  8 y 2   3w  8 y  w  y 

16b 2  12b  9  
35. 81t 4  16w4  9t 2  4w2  3t  2 w  3t  2w 
25. 4b  3 64b3  0b 2  0b  27

64b3  48b 2 36. 6 x 4  20 x3  16 x 2  2 x 2  3 x  2  x  4 

48b 2  0b
37. This expression is prime.
48b 2  36b
36b  27
38. x 2  3 x  54   x  6  x  9 
36b  27
0
64b3  27 
39. 2 y 3  54  2  y  3 y 2  3 y  9 
 16b 2  12b  9
4b  3
40. 5r 2t  30rt 2  45t 3  5t  r  3t  r  3t 
2
 5t  r  3t 

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210 ISM: Intermediate Algebra

41. 2ax  10ay  3bx  15by   2a  3b  x  5 y  49. f  x   3x3  3x 2  18 x

42. x 2  2 x  24  0

 3x x 2  x  6 
 3x  x  3 x  2 
 x  6  x  4   0
x  6 or x  4 The x-intercepts are (0, 0), (3, 0), and (2, 0).

50. x = –5 and x = 1
43. 64t 2  9
64t 2  9  0 51. x = –3 and x = 1
8t  38t  3  0
52. a.  B  A t 
 
3 3
t   or t   2.42t 2  80.8t  76
8 8

44. 3x  x  10   6 x3

 2.29t 2  76.8t  227 
 2.42t 2  80.8t  76  2.29t 2  76.8t
6 x3  3x 2  30 x  0
 227

3x 2 x 2  x  10  0   4.71t 2  157.6t  303
3x  2 x  5  x  2   0
b. For the expression B(t) + A(t), we have B(t)
5
x  0, x  or x  2 = number of bank tellers in thousands +
2 A(t) = number of ATMs in thousands. The
units of the expression are in thousands of
45. x3  4 x  12  3x 2 bank tellers and ATMs.
3 2
x  3 x  4 x  12  0
 x  2  x  2  x  3  0 c.  B  A 22 
2
x  2, x  2 or x  3  4.71  22   157.6  22   303
 884.56
m2 7m 1 It means that in 1990  22  2012 , there
46.   0 were a total of about 885 thousand bank
2 6 3 tellers and ATMs.
3m 2  7m  2  0
 3m  1 m  2   0 d.  B  A t 
m
1
3
or m  2 
 2.42t 2  80.8t  76 
 2
 2.29t  76.8t  227 
47. 32 x 2  24 x  2.42t  80.8t  76  2.29t 2  76.8t
2
2
32 x  24 x  0  227
8 x  4 x  3  0  0.13t 2  4t  151
3
x  0 or x 
4 e.  B  A 22   0.13  22 2  4  22   151
 176.08
48. 4 p  5 p  6    2 p  3 2 p  3 It means that, in 2012, there were about
20 p 2  24 p  4 p 2  9 176 thousand more bank tellers than
ATMs.
16 p 2  24 p  9  0
 4 p  3 4 p  3  0 53. a.
3
p
4

The model fits the data well.

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 Chapter 6: Polynomial Functions 211

b.
2
f  7   2  7   19  7   203  238 8.  4 x  7 y  3x  5 y   12 x 2  xy  35 y 2
In 2012, there will be 238 million
prescriptions of synthetic narcotics, 9.  2w  5t   3w2  wt  4t 2 
morphine/opium derivatives, and codeine.
 6 w3  17 w2t  13wt 2  20t 3
c. 2t 2  19t  203  193
2
2t 2  19t  10  0 10. 3x  2 x  3  12 x3  36 x 2  27 x
2t 2  19t  10  0
 2t  1 t  10   0 11. 3x2  x  5 2 x2  4 x  1
t
1
or t  10  6 x 4  14 x3  9 x 2  21x  5
2
In 2005  10  2015 , the total number of
prescriptions of synthetic narcotics,
12.  4 x2  9 y 2  4 x2  9 y 2   16x4  81y 4
morphine/opium derivatives, and codeine
2
will be 193 million prescriptions. 13. f  a  5    a  5   3  a  5   a 2  13a  40

54. l  w  8 2
14. f  x   3  x  4   7  3 x 2  24 x  55
2l  2 w  192
2  w  8  2 w   192
4 w2  32w  192  0
15.  
f  g  2 x 2  5 x  4  3x  2 

 2
4 w  8w  48  0  3 2
 6 x  19 x  22 x  8
4  w  12  w  4   0  f  g  3  6  33  19  32  22  3  8  49
w  12 or w  4
l  4  8  12 8a 4b  12a3b 2  20a 2b3
16.
The original rectangle is 12 meters long and 4ab 2
4 meters wide. 8a b 12a3b 2 20a 2b3
4
  
4ab 2 4ab 2 4ab 2
Chapter 6 Test
2a 3
  3a 2  5ab
1.  4a3b  9a2b2  2ab3  b

  5a3b  4a 2b 2  3ab3  17. 14 x  18  8 x 2  8 x 2  14 x  18

2x  5
 a3b  5a 2b 2  ab3 2
4 x  3 8 x  14 x  18
2.   
f  g  4 x 2  5 x  9  6 x 2  3x  7  8 x 2  6 x
 2 x 2  8 x  16 20 x  18
2 20 x  15
f  g  2   2  2   8  2   16  40
3
3. f (3)  3 14 x  18  8 x 2 3
 2x  5 
4x  3 4x  3
4. There is no solution.
18. 3 4 10 5 1
5. x = 1 12 6 3
4 2 1 2
6. x = –3 and x = 5
4 x3  10 x 2  5 x  1 2
 4 x2  2 x  1 

7. 2 xy 2 7 x 2  3 xy  6 y 2  x3 x3

 14 x3 y 2  6 x 2 y 3  12 xy 4

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212 ISM: Intermediate Algebra

19. x 2  10 x  24   x  12  x  2  30. f  x   10 x 2  19 x  6   5 x  2  2 x  3
2  3 
The x-intercepts are  , 0  and  , 0  .
20. 18 x  2 x3  12 x 2  2 x  x  3 x  3  5  2 
2
 2 x  x  3
31.

21. 16 x 2  26 x  12  2  8 x  3 x  2 

22. 9m2  64t 2   3m  8t  3m  8t 

x = –2.06 and x = 2.19
4 3 2 2 3
23. 16a b  36a b  18a b 32. a. R (t )  7.8t  564
 2a 2b  4a  3b  2a  3b 

24. 54m3  128 p3


 2  3m  4 p  9m 2  12mp  16 p 2 
P (t )  26t  1784
25. 25 x 2  16
25 x 2  16  0
 5 x  4  5 x  4   0
4 4
x or x  
5 5 The models fit the data well.

26. 5w3  15w2  50w  0 b.  R  P  t   7.8t  564  26t  1784 

 2
5w w  3w  10  0   202.8t 2  13,915.2t  14,664t
 1,006,176
5w  w  5  w  2   0
w  0, w  5 or w  2  202.8t 2  748.8t  1,006,176

c. For the expression R(t) · P(t), we have

27.  2 x  7  x  3  10 R(t) = number of deaths per 100,000
2 x 2  13 x  11  0 people × P(t) = population in hundred-
 2 x  11 x  1  0 thousands. The units of the expression are
total number of deaths in the U.S.
11
x or x  1
2 d.  R  P  58 
2
28. 2t 3  3t 2  18t  27  202.8  58   748.8  58   1,006,176
 367, 387.2
2t 3  3t 2  18t  27  0
This means that in 1960  58  2018 , there
 2t  3  t 2  9   0 will be about 367,387 deaths from heart
 2t  3 t  3 t  3  0 disease.
3
t   , t  3 or t  3
2

29. 3 x  2 x  5   4 x  2  x  3
6 x 2  13 x  6  0
 3x  2  2 x  3  0
2 3
x or x 
3 2

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 Chapter 6: Polynomial Functions 213

e.

The function R  P is decreasing for values

of t between 5 and 60. This means that the
number of people dying from heart disease
decreased and will continue to decrease
between the years 1965 and 2020. The
number of deaths from heart disease is
decreasing at a faster rate than the
population is growing.

33. a.

The model fits the data well.

2
b. f 17   17   13 17   70  138
In 2000  17  2017 , the opium
cultivation will be 138 thousand hectares.

c. t 2  13t  70  100
t 2  13t  30  0
 t  2  t  15   0
t  2 or t  15
The model estimates that the opium
cultivation was 100 thousand hectares in
2000  2  1998 and the opium cultivation
will be 100 thousand hectares in
2000  15  2015 .

34. 11  2 x 15  2 x   120  165

4 x 2  52 x  120  0
4  x  15  x  2   0
x  15 or x  2
The width of the border is 2 inches. The actual
width of the frame is 15 inches.

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