Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Issue 4 (Sep 2016)
Issue 4 (Sep 2016)
ANXIETY
AWARENESS
1
PSYCH2GO
ISSUE 4 SEPTEMBER
2016
To accomplish that, the Psych2Go team is transparent about the fact that we don't
always post legitimate psychology information, but only do so in order to get people
to really question ALL our posts and think on an analytical level. Sometimes what you
think is true is actually not true and sometimes what is not true is yet to be supported
by research.
We have found that understanding research methods and having an open and
encouraging forum for all of this is essential. Several Facebook groups have also
been created, already aiming at this - including groups that allow people to express
their creativity like our “Poetry” and “Doodle” group, and our “Research and Writing
Discussion” group which creates discussion among expression of ideas, and academic
assistance.
As time went on, it made sense that Psych2Go should start providing supplementary
materials such as sources, references, as well as some explanation to our viral meme
posts that are featured on our Tumblr (as you’ll see an example from the “Psych to
Go” article in this magazine issue) which generates large discussion from audience
members. From these realizations to include more material content, psych2go.net, the
sister site was born.
When we started, Psych2Go had a team of 10 writers and published over 200 articles
within less than 2 months and received over 1 million page views. And the articles
followed a specific format:
1. Intro
2. Bring up research.
3. Identify the research methods and the limitations
4. question for our readers
This format is aligned with our mission statement to analyze research, create
discussions, and provide the resources needed to facilitate those discussions.
Then, as time went on, we thought about implementing a mentorship program to help
further facilitate this learning process for our younger audiences (since a majority of
our readers were not yet psychology students).
And that’s where psych2go.net is today! We have editors, mentors, and intern writers,
who our Human Resource team has a very close relationship with and helps them every
step of the way.
Our goal is to become the go-to site for psychology, writing, help, research, studies,
and so forth. Psych2Go serves as an easily accessible and inclusive platform for our
young audiences.
Tai Tai
Manager and Creator of Psych2Go
Psych2go@outlook.com
Psych2go.tumblr.com
Psych2go.net
ISSUE 4
HELLO!
As a special part of the “Psych2Go” team, we believe that this magazine sets itself
apart from other science magazines out there. Understanding this magazine is not in a
traditional “magazine” format gives our magazine a creative and unique feel.
This was made by a collection of young entrepreneurs from all over the world. This
publication includes international contributors from places like Slovenia, The U.K., the
Netherlands, the Philippines, Canada, and people within various places of the U.S. like
New York, Maryland, D.C., Tennessee, and California.
Keep in mind that not all of us are trained professionals in the Psychology field, but
simply people that are intrigued by Psychological concepts, only wanting to pass our
research along, while involving people to talk about their personal experiences, as well
as informing an audience with interesting Psychological facts.
We hope that you enjoy this collaborative publication that acts as an extension of our
online blog, psych2go.net, and we ask that you get involved with this entrepreneurial
organization as well! After all, Psychology is the science that’s all about you, and as a
growing company, we’re offering the opportunity for you to grow with us.
Teresa Johnson
Editor-in-Chief, Manager & Coordinator of Psych2Go Magazine
(https://twitter.com/teresaxjohnson)
ISSUE 4
6
ISSUE 4
CONTENT
About Psych2Go / 2
Hello Message / 4
Meet the writers /10
Psychology in the news /13
Interview with a Psychology student /14
Social Psychology / 16
Exploring mental health / 18
Significant people that endured mental illness / 22
LGBTQA Psychology / 24
Music Psychology / 26
Personality Psychology / 28
Developmental Psychology / 30
Autism Spectrum (S.E.E.P.) Special, Exceptional, Extraordinary, People / 32
Animal Psychology / 36
Forensic Psychology 38
Art Submissions Winner / 40
Career Building / 42
Outside Submissions / 44
Psych2Go Community Photography/ 48
Social Anxiety Awareness Project / 50
Entertainment/Games Section / 52
Projective Psychology / 54
Book Review / 58
Creative writing / 60
Psych to Go / 62
Debunking Psychological Myths / 64
Advice Column / 65
Mental Health Hotlines / 66
Thank you to contributors / 68
Readers Testimonials / 70
Psych2Go's Community Challenge / 72
MEET
THE
WRIT
T
TERS
Artwork by: Drew Borja
Psych2Go
Hello all! I’m Sneha and I’m currently pursing my Master's degree
at University of Pennsylvania's School of Design and I’ve been
10 practicing Arts & Design for around 5 years. My work inclines toward
a palate of textures that influence the organic and structured notion
of spaces around me. Recently, I completed a Diploma in Learning
Disorders Management and Child Psychology.
U.S. (Pennsylvania)
Sneha
Hi, I’m Sophie! I’m currently doing my BSc in Communication
and Media, but I have always been interested in psychology. I am
especially interested in criminal psychology and how the mind of
a psychopath works, but I am also interested in personality, social,
and child psychology.
Netherlands
Sophie
Hi, I’m Teresa and I attend the University of Maryland College Park
as a junior undergraduate transfer student and have declared
Journalism as my major. I would ideally love to move to NYC by the
time I graduate to tackle jobs within the social media and journalism
fields when launching my career. I love writing, communicating, and
self-expression. In my free time, I love to sing, draw, write, attend
shows, meet new friends, and explore new places. I started working
with Psych2Go by making videos for their YouTube channel, but now
have graduated to become editor-in-chief of this magazine!
Teresa
I'm Imogen, I'm 21 and going into my final year of an MSci in
Psychology and Psychological Research. I work as a staff writer
and a HR rep for psych2go.net, and I love learning and teaching all
things psychological. I hope to one day become a researcher, and I
love forensic, child and animal psychology!
The U.K.
Imogen
I'm a sophomore/junior at American University, and I’m majoring
in Psychology with minors in Spanish Language/Translation and
Business Administration. I love blogging and crafting, as well as
watching YouTube like it's my job. I'm super excited to be a part of
this magazine, and I can't wait to see where this adventure takes
me!
U.S. (Maryland)
Lauren
Hello, I’m Larissa, and I’m a third year Psychology major working
towards a minor in Law and Society as well as Ethics and
Philosophy. Some of my greatest passions in Psychology include the
topics of eating disorders, self-harm, psychopathology, and forensic
psychology. When I’m not working or doing homework I enjoy
watching Netflix, sleeping, reading, playing with cats, and writing!
U.S. (Minnesota)
Larissa
ISSUE 4
Hi! I’m Kayleigh. Besides having a passion for writing, learning new
things and gathering interesting facts (Did you know the majority
of lizards can’t run and breathe at the same time?), I love creative
things like drawing and making jewelry. I'm currently studying at
11
University and in my free time I can be found listening to music,
reading and writing, or browsing the internet.
Netherlands
Kayleigh
Hi I'm Hannah. I have my BSc in Psychology and I'm completing
my post grad in journalism at the moment. I’m fascinated by
human sexuality & sexual behavior, and the science behind mental
illness. I enjoy editing papers and long runs on the elliptical. My
two hedgehogs keep me motivated, and they say that they hope you
enjoy our articles and magazine! Just know that whenever you read
something by me, a hedgehog was nearby.
Nova Scotia
Hannah
I’m Sheena, and I study Psychology BSc with the University of the
Highlands & Islands in Scotland. Being both the kid who grew up
reading encyclopedias and the ‘Agony Aunt’ friend, I’ve always been
interested in how what happens in our heads affects the way that we
live our lives, and in practicing acceptance (and hopefully spreading
it too!).
The U.K.
Sheena
Being a media student, I am a huge supporter of anti-consumerism
and media awareness. In my spare time you can find me reading
(especially fantasy literature), listening to music, watching
Japanese anime, taking long walks in the nature and most often
writing. Above all I am simply a girl, madly in love with stories in all
shapes and sizes.
Slovenia
Katja
Hi there! I'm oftentimes described as a shy girl with a quick wit.
Amazingly, I've managed to channel my passion to different facets
of art and psychology, and blended my two loves. A firm believer that
you never stop learning
Philippines
Risha
I began having an interest in Psychology when I was 12 and will
attend University of Ottawa for a Joint Honours. Major in Linguistics
and Psychology. I have a design business dedicated to combining
mental health with physical health to raise awareness and stomp
out the stigmas. In my free time, I enjoy singing and song writing.
Ontario, Canada
Dancia
Psych2Go
I'm Tyra Davis, a middle school English Teacher living in NYC, but
I've always been a writer at heart. Although my background is not
12 in psychology, I have suffered from anxiety and depression in the
past, which brings with it a lot of experience dealing with negative
feelings and emotions. I hope to bring some of this experience to
light in my advice to our readers.
U.S (New York)
Laura
Hi I'm Lauren, I graduated with a degree in psychology and a
masters in counselling. I've been a youth worker, a counsellor and
currently I'm working towards becoming a social worker. I wanted
to be apart of the magazine as I know what it's like to struggle with
your feelings and I want help where I can. That's my passion in life.
My other passion is art. I post videos of my digital art on YouTube in
the hopes of creating a relaxing space for others. You can find me at
Rad Little Drawings.
Northern Ireland
Kimiya
Hi! Jessica here. I'm a psych major in college working on my junior
year. I've been inspired to study psychology by my passionate high
school teacher but my favorite topic is the brain. I'm studying hard
to research and learn to help others.
U.S (Maryland)
Jessica
Hello! My name is Gabriel, and I’m a psychology major at William
Carey University. I plan to get my Bachelor’s degree in 2017. After
that, I aspire to obtain my Master’s degree and my or PsyD. I plan
to become a psychiatrist or a Christian counselor. My hobbies
include making candles and selling them on Etsy, reading, and
listening to music. I love learning about mental illness and
other branches of psychology. I’m very excited to be a part of
this magazine, and I hope I am able to help people through my
writings!
U.S (Mississippi)
Gabriel
ISSUE 4
Jamie
Hi! I’m Liv Mitchell, I currently study a Masters in Psychology at the
University of Birmingham in the UK. I’m originally from Shropshire
in England, and I have a real interest in intellectual disabilities and
special needs.
The U.K.
Liv
One recent post in the news that is There have also been a few articles
psychologically related lately was lately that detail the “psychology of why
the theory behind what causes an people like things.” It basically details
eating disorder. In New Zealand, they that all different humans have difference
approached what the causes were, preferences for the things that they like,
whether it was a kind of “diet gone bad”, and while nobody is really the same,
a mix of psychological, biological, and people develop their interests influenced
social influences, or just something in by a lot of social and cultural factors.
the brain that isn’t processing correctly. For example, some people grew up with
a certain genre of music played in their
Some other articles are regularly home and likely feel a sense of nostalgia,
discussing the psychology of why people and like that type of music when they
are supporting and how the mind of become older.
Donald Trump works. The Atlantic did
an overview of what kind of behaviours
were observed in earlier interviews
with Mr. Trump. It conclude that Trump
moves through life knowing that he is
consistently being observed. It goes into
detail about what parts of the big five
traits he possesses. For someone in the
public eye so often it is an interesting read
about what MAY be going on in somebody
who has the power to draw in audiences
from both support and outright hatred.
Psych2Go
14 INTERVIEW
Yasmine
Amatul-Khaliq
In this issue of the magazine
we will be interviewing Yasmine
Amatul-Khaliq from the Univer-
sity of Michigan – Dearborn
located in the United States.
They are studying for their bach-
elor degree, majoring in psy-
chology, and minoring in sociol-
ogy. Right now they’re in their
first year.
Tumblr: ya-hayatii.tumblr.com
Instagram: AANIQofficial
Attends the University of Michigan
It’s a complicated a feeling. You have homerun. One side of me was petri-
two choices, one of which tells you to fied for their eyes to be watching, but the
go take the chance in a social gathering, other wanted victory.
but on the other hand a tightness in your
chest is deeply blocking you. It begins to The amazement here was even though
make your mind tangled into one big cra- the social aspect sent fear through my
zy disaster. You have a million different entire body, I never gave up on kicking the
play outs of how the situations will turn, ball to prove them all wrong. I mean yeah
both good and bad leaving you exhausted. it didn’t get much easier for me as the
You become one big crazy disaster. Social years went on because those very mo-
Anxiety is no joke because it can lead to ments caused an eclipse over my shine
some serious depression and fear. that I eventually removed. I also remem-
ber on the playground someone threw a
What Is Social Anxiety? ball at my head knocking me to the con-
Social Psychology
Giving my outgoing personality not many create and I started to cry, I was labeled
know I suffer like the 15 million others as the cry baby for five years. Even though
out there. A complex life filled with much I never wanted to go near those people I
overthinking and blessings. According to had no choice, showing me I could con-
studies, Social Anxiety doesn’t choose quer my fear of social anxiety.
a gender because both men and wom-
en suffer equally. I asked myself if I am Many people who suffer with this are shy
anxious to be part of the public why is my until you get to know them. Standoffish
calling to serve it? The answer was I had until you show them you are kind. Have
to conquer my fear if I wanted to be hap- a sensitivity inside their hearts, but also
py, fall in love and live the fullest life! a strength many can’t even imagine. They
are very stubborn, but will eventually
The age range begins at 6, and it doesn’t do it. With patience and time, if you give
stop there. Anyone at any giving time can them a chance they become the best peo-
become diagnosed with this form of anx- ple you will ever come across. They will
iety. All it takes is one major situation to care deeply for you because their time
trigger it in your subconscious and it’s isn’t just spent on everyone.
like a domino effect. I remember mine,
first grade kick ball. I couldn’t kick for When it comes to a romantic partner that
my life and my first time ever the ball slid is where you are in the center of a battle-
underneath my foot, all the kids laughed. field. You crave the romance, but won’t go
From there I was one of the last kids out, and if so it’s not like you can random-
picked. They would scream, “Move in!” I ly walk up to the cutest person you see. At
never wanted to go gym class again. I was the end of the night you just go home and
the one being laughed at, surrounded by fantasize about him or her embracing
a bunch of kids who would be my class- your deeply complex heart like a romance
mates until I graduate. After countless movie. Thank the lord for dating apps be-
fails the unthinkable happened, I was cause I wouldn’t have met my boyfriend.
sick of hearing their comments and my Even then it takes the person suffering
foot kicked the ball giving me my first time to go hangout with the individual.
ISSUE 4
Sources cited:
https://socialanxietyinstitute.org/what-is-social-anx-
iety
http://socialphobia.org/social-anxiety-disorder-defi-
nition-symptoms-treatment-therapy-medications-in-
sight-prognosis
https://socialanxietyinstitute.org/top-10-list-rea-
sons-social-anxiety-causes-depression
Psych2Go
18
SOCIAL ANXIETY
AWARENESS MONTH By: Teresa Johnson
Artwork by: Sohaina Maritita
ISSUE 4
Social anxiety is only one of the al., 2008) show that certain areas of
varying forms of anxiety and can prevail your brain, such as the amygdala, which 19
in even the most seemingly confident is responsible for memory and emotions,
people. Social phobias present feelings of can be found more active when a person
discomfort centered around interactions experiences social anxiety. Certain med-
with others in fear of being judged. No ications used to treat social phobia are
one likes being judged, but when social said to affect the neurotransmitter levels
anxiety is involved, it creates an invisible in your brain, however it isn’t confirmed
mental shield; where it can provoke dif- that these different levels are a contrib-
ficulties when communicating with peo- uting factor to this anxiety disorder. Dif-
ple, even if you happen to know them very ferent environments can contribute to
well. Every person falls along the extro- social anxiety in the situations a person
verted and introverted scale to some de- may be put in. If a person constantly feels
gree, but even if you are considered a very like they’re being judged in a particular
outgoing individual, you may find yourself situation, such as a family gathering, the
indecisive to follow through with plans in anxious feeling may become more auto-
situations where you are required to hang matic, triggering a social barrier between
out with someone. certain individuals.
Example: A friend texts you that you ha-
ven’t seen in a long time. You know you An estimated fifteen million Americans
always have a great time with said in- experience social anxiety according to
dividual, however, when it comes time Anxiety and Depression Association of
to hang out them, a feeling of impend- America, and it is more commonly found
ing doom washes over you. This feeling in women than men. This may be due to
might cause you to not want to get to- the fact that women are more prone to
gether with them anymore. It’s not that be judged in society for their appearance
you don’t want to see this person, but through the media’s depictions.
more so the pressuring concept of seeing If you are experiencing social anxiety,
them after so long can become a hinder- health care professionals, such as psy-
ance to your mental health. This pressur- chologists and psychiatrists, are always
ing feeling might be activated because it able to help an individual cope with the
could be daunting to think about how this stresses of social anxiety through coun-
person may perceive you in the present seling or medication if a case becomes
time compared to when they last saw you. impairing or severe.
Or the thought of meeting up with them The most effective treatment for social
could create anxiety because you’re not anxiety is cognitive behavioral therapy
sure if the two of you would mesh as well (CBT) which is when a therapist works
— now that you’re at a different stance in together with the individual to develop
your life per say. strategies for counteracting anxiety and
It should be known that not everyone helps to restructure your thinking in sit-
experiences social anxiety to the same uations that would usually accentuate the
degree, and a certain amount of anxiety symptoms of social phobia.
in social occurrences is actually healthy,
as it helps you take action in unhealthy Sources Cited:
Blair, K., Shaywitz, J., Smith, B. W., Rhodes, R., Geraci,
situations. It’s your body and mind’s way M. R. N., Jones, M., et al. (2008). Response to emotional
of paying attention to its surroundings expressions in generalized social phobia and general-
especially when focusing on new circum- ized anxiety disorder: Evidence for separate disorders.
American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 1193-1202.
stances.
So what causes social anxiety? It’s actu- Social Anxiety Support. (2016). Retrieved September
ally a mix of a few factors: your genes, 02, 2016, from http://www.socialanxietysupport.com/
disorder/#what
the chemical balance in your brain, and
what occurs through your own life ex- What Is Social Anxiety Disorder? Symptoms, Treat-
periences. Based on scientific studies, ments, & More. (n.d.). Retrieved September 02, 2016,
from http://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/
anxiety can be inherited to an extent, mental-health-social-anxiety-disorder?page=2#1
and if your parents experience a kind of
anxiety disorder, you are more likely to Social Anxiety Disorder. (n.d.). Retrieved September 02,
2016, from https://www.adaa.org/understanding-anxi-
also have it. Studies like that of (Blair et ety/social-anxiety-disorder
Psych2Go
20
WHAT IS BORDERLINE And what are the
PERSONALITY DISORDER? treatments?
By: Hannah Bennet
Artwork by: Trina Laya
DSM to diagnose BPD. Patients need to things that are purposely hurting oneself
display only 5 of the 9 symptoms to be without intent to cause death.
diagnosed. The nine symptoms are: Extreme emotional swings. One
The fear of abandonment. Feeling moment, feeling happy, the next angry or
terrified that they will be abandoned or dependent. They’re intense but pass very
left alone. Something like a loved one quickly.
getting home later than usual from work Explosive anger. People with BPD often
can cause intense fear. struggle with having a very short temper
Unstable Relationships. People with and intense anger. Trouble controlling
BPD tend to have relationships that are themselves once they’ve been set off.
both intense and short lied, so falling Being suspicious or out of touch with
in love very quickly, expecting the new reality. Often people with BPD will
relationship to make them feel whole, struggle with paranoia or suspicious
and become quickly disappointed when thoughts about others’ motives. It’s
it doesn’t. The relationships of a person possible that people with BPD could
with BPD will seem either absolutely dissociate in times of stress.
perfect or horrible, with no relationships Chronically feeling empty. They may feel
being just “ok”. like there is a hole or void inside them. At
Unstable or unclear self-image. The extremes they may feel they are nothing
sense of self in someone with BPD or nobody. Regularly they may treat it
is usually quite unstable. Sometimes with drugs or food unsuccessfully.
they feel good, other times they will So those are the nine criteria for a BPD
hate themselves or view themselves as diagnosis. There are a lot of options
evil. Generally there is a lack of a clear for self-help with BPD but upon initial
definition of who you are, so you may diagnosis it is best to deal with an
frequently change jobs, friends, goals, experienced professional. Some of the
and etc. most effective treatments of BPD are:
Impulsive or self-destructive behaviours. Seeing a qualified therapist. Therapy
People with BPD may engage in harmful can be an essential tool when living with
and sensation seeking behaviours, any form of mental illness. Dialectical
especially when they’re upset. These are behavioural therapy can be effective in
ISSUE 4
She is one of the greatest female healing and she was practically
writers and modernists yet her life was addicted to it. She started writing at an
anything but great. As a child, Virginia
was assaulted by two of her half-
brothers and that kind of damage caused
an irreparable damage to her mental
health. During her life she suffered from
depression and even attempted suicide
on multiple occasions. Yet she managed
to produce works that are read and
appreciated even today.
Exploring Mental Health
because of her half-brother George. she still had hallucinations and for
23
He was most cruel to her, forced her to a while couldn’t stand to be around her
accompany him to social events, verbally husband. When she finally recovered,
abused her and did everything he could Leonard made sure she ate enough,
to fit in their social circles. To the outside rested and left parties early to prevent
George was a protector of the family, a anything like that to happen again.
brother but also a father figure. What Finally, her first novel got published and
they didn’t know was that he was also a she continued working.
lover to both his half-sisters. The last four years of her life were tough
Because of his constant abuse Virginia and brutal. She felt like she couldn’t
never felt at home in her body again. Soon confess her feelings to anyone and soon
after her father died, she suffered another couldn’t even write anymore. The war
breakdown and tried to kill herself for only made it worse and moving to the
the first time. She threw herself out the countryside made her lonely. Finally she
window but since it wasn’t too high, she gave in, went to a nearby river, filled her
wasn’t seriously damaged. The main dress pockets with stones and walked
reason for her nervous breakdown was right into the water. Her body was found
George’s repetitive molesting. three weeks later but everyone knew she
When she got better she started off her killed herself because she wrote letters
writing career. By moving to Bloomsbury to her husband and sister.
the Stephens’ children finally got rid of All in all, Virginia Woolf led an interesting
George and a happier time was upon yet hard life. The damage that was caused
them. They met a lot of educated people to her as a child and a young woman was
and talked about philosophy, art and so vast that she never truly recovered.
literature. However everything changed Part of the problem was that the society
when Virginia’s brother Toby died and her in which they lived in wasn’t so open as
sister Vanessa married. Before she could to discuss domestic violence. Still she
finish her first novel she began feeling was fortunate enough to be married to
sick again and was even institutionalised. a man who loved her though this wasn’t
After returning home and moving to enough to make her want to live. Writing
another house with her remaining was the only thing that kept her afloat and
brother, Virginia soon met her future despite all her problems she became one
husband Leonard Woolf who was well of the greatest authors of her time and
aware of her problems and medical will always be remembered as such. It is
condition. He and Vanessa even advised a pity that she had to suffer through so
Virginia not to have children right away much that she eventually decided to end
because they were afraid she couldn’t her life.
handle it. This was devastating to her
Sources cited:
– she believed she failed as a woman. Duda, Sibylle; Pusch, Luise F. (1995). Nore ženske
Instead she focused all her energy into (Wahnsinns Frauen). Ljubljana: Krtina
writing which was the only way to express
herself honestly. Writing gave her a sense
of purpose and each time she finished a
book she felt lost and depressed.
The treatments she received didn’t work
and she had to be forced into taking even
a bite of food. Soon she attempted suicide
again and just barely survived. After that
Leonard took her to the country where
private nurses looked after her. Virginia
however, was mean to the nurses and
refused to sleep or eat. Occasionally
Psych2Go
24
SOCIAL ANXIETY
and The Closet
By: Risha Mae Ordas
Artwork by: Sydney Diamond
Sources cited:
https://socialanxietyinstitute.org/what-is-social-anx-
iety
https://nobullying.com/lgbt-bullying-statistics/
Psych2Go
26
ØDE TO SLEEP:
How Music
can help
Insomnia
Music Psychology
By:Gabriel Taylor
Artwork by: Fieni Aprilia
Sources cited:
28
PERSONALITY
AFFECTED
BY
SOCIAL ANXIETY By: Imogen Bowler
Artwork by: Pilar Chavez
people with social anxiety, and it could for social anxiety. They found “negative
also be that certain personality traits affect” (such as high neuroticism) was
affect how people with social anxiety a general risk factor for all disorders.
react to treatment. This article will look Furthermore, some traits were specific
at the research surrounding these traits risk factors for anxiety, particularly social
and their role as a risk factor, including a anxiety. Some of these include high
possible biological explanation. anxiety-sensitivity, attributional styles,
and self-criticism. Both of these studies
It appears, like many other disorders, show just how important personality
personality traits may be risk factors traits can be in the development of social
for social anxiety disorder. This topic anxiety.
has been heavily researched, with many
researchers looking at different models of But why is it that these relationships
personality to find out which best relates occur? How do certain personality traits
to social anxiety, and which traits could be affect the likelihood of a disorder to occur?
considered as risk factors for the disorder. It seems there could be a biological basis
Kotov, Gamez, Schmidt & Watson (2010) to it. For example, Melke et al (2001)
conducted a meta-analysis of all these provided a possible explanation for this
types of studies in order to determine idea. They found that anxiety related
any robust trends. They looked at studies personality traits (specifically psychic
specifically looking at the big three/big anxiety, muscular tension, psychasthenia
five personality models. They found 175 and a lack of assertiveness) were related
studies to include in their meta-analysis, to a polymorphism in the serotonin
highlighting how well researched this receptors. It is a possibility that this
area is. They also looked at studies that polymorphism is the cause, or at least
included depression and substance a contributor, of anxiety disorders
abuse. They found that high neuroticism (including social anxiety).
and low conscientiousness were related
to all three disorders. Furthermore, low In conclusion, personality traits have
extroversion was specifically related to been shown, time and again, to be related
social anxiety disorder. Agreeableness to the likelihood of the development of
ISSUE 4
30
Small Children, Big Developments
By: Kayleigh Herber
Artwork by: Dhyian Faza Khalisa
When a baby is born, he/she is emo- At seven months of age, a child will show
tionally underdeveloped. In the first both fear and anger, as well as defiance,
few weeks, a baby can show distress by affection and even shyness. At eight
crying, but is not able to indicate what months, children become more able to
they’re feeling using more ‘sophisticated’ distinguish between separate emotions
methods. By one month of age you’ll be and in this way lesser ‘mixed’ emotions
aware of the fact that babies are actual- might appear. Children will also start be-
ly very prone to crying and that they will having emotionally, like distinct individu-
generally be distressed. They will either als. It won’t be incorrect to say that they
be craving food or attention and are like- start to develop more of a personality. At
ly to get tired by late afternoon. After all, nine months, a child will be more apt at
infants need around 16-18 hours of sleep showing negative emotions when they’re
everyday. After two months, a baby first restrained. When a child is tired, they
starts indicating whether or not they’re will start actively searching for others for
enjoying something. comfort.
For example, they will show some form of Another special milestone is that they’re
excitement at the sight of a toy or parent/ able to recognize themselves in a mirror.
caretaker. This is also the age at which At ten months, small children will show
they start exhibiting what is called a ‘so- intense negative and positive emotions
cial smile’, a grin-like smile which indi- and start showing more curious be-
cates that the baby ‘realizes’ that smil- haviour. They will be testing things out,
ing gets them more attention and care. or reaching out for things that interest
At three months, a baby is more able them. At eleven months, a baby will show
to show excitement and may even start greater variability in emotions and indi-
showing signs of boredom when bored by vidual differences will become even more
a stimulus. He/she smiles more often but clear. Some children may even insist on
may also show frustration when not tend- feeding themselves as opposed to letting
ed to. At four months, a baby really starts other people feed them.
to laugh occasionally, and will sometimes
start gurgling with pleasure.
ISSUE 4
32
S.E.E.P
Understanding the world of Thomas
By: Teresa Johnson
Artwork by: Teresa Johnson
34 INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
AND THE CRIMINAL
JUSTICE SYSTEM
By: Liv Mitchell
higher than in their counterparts without Another theme which has been raised
disability (Hayes, 2007). One reason for is that individuals felt alone, and did not
the over-representation may be due to know who to turn to for support when
the disadvantages faced by persons with in custody, commenting, for example,
intellectual disability, such as lower rates ‘I don’t get anything offered and I never
of education and employment, less social ask’ (Talbot, 2010, p.37). It has also been
support and lower socioeconomic status observed that persons with intellectual
than the general population (Oshima et disability are generally uncertain about
al., 2010). Another reason, as argued where they would seek help and support
by many scholars, may be that the set- as they prepared to leave prison; Talbot
up and procedures within the criminal (2010) noted that some individuals seem
justice system do not accommodate for to have very high, somewhat ‘unrealistic’,
the particular needs of individuals with expectations of the probation/criminal
intellectual disability (Holland et al., justice social work. Some individuals
2002), making them more likely than showed an uncertainty about what to say
peers without disability to be caught, to or do when at the police station and in
stand to trial, to be sentenced and to be prison: one participant in Talbot’s study
incarcerated. (2010) commented that-in response
to a question concerning prison rules-
Though there is a sufficient lack of ‘you know the rules when you break the
research on the first-hand experience rules’ (Talbot, 2010 p.37). This particular
of individuals with intellectual disability participant reported that these feeling
in the criminal justice system, what is of uncertainty lead to destructive coping
available suggests that some of these mechanisms in prison.
individuals feel afraid and trapped in a
‘revolving-door’ system. One commonly Though it is important to stress that these
occurring theme in qualitative research findings from research on the experience
on the topic is that individuals have a of individuals with intellectual disability
lack of understanding of both what is in the criminal justice system are
happening to them, and why (Leggett et limited, they do raise concerns about the
al., 2007). Under police interrogation, treatment of these individuals in these
many reported confusion surrounding settings. There is a clear lack of research
the fact that if they said anything in this area; some researchers have
ISSUE 4
Sources cited:
Talbot J. (2010) Prisoners’ voices: experiences of the criminal
justice system by prisoners with learning disabilities. Tizard
Learn Disabil Rev, 51,–41.
36
THE SECRET
Animal Psychology
SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE
OF CROWS
By: Jamie Moffatt
Artwork by: Sydney Diamond
ISSUE 4
The ability to remember past social in- Animals lack language, so it is incredibly
teractions is a staple of social cognition. difficult to determine their intelligence.
Without the capacity to remember past Crows cannot sit an IQ test, as adorable
relations, making friends and avoiding as that would be, nor can they be asked
enemies would be very difficult. This abil- about their thoughts. This has led some
ity was studied in crows with an intriguing researchers to turn their beaks up at the
experiment which took place at the Uni- suggestion that crows can demonstrate
versity of Washington (Marzluff, Wells, human-like intelligence. However, with
Cornell, Withey & Craig, 2010). Research- findings that crows can hold grudges and
ers wore a variety of unique (and rather can understand the thinking of others,
ugly) masks while they caught several the research suggests that crows are
crows on the university campus. Each not simply winging it. Whilst not quite as
crow was tagged before being released intelligent as humans, crows clearly de-
immediately. Afterwards, the research- serve their place alongside Dolphins and
ers would occasionally don the masks Chimpanzees as one of the most gifted
once more and walk around the campus. creatures on the planet.
Upon seeing the masked researchers the
crows would screech and even swoop at Sources cited:
Emery, N. J., & Clayton, N. S. (2001). Effects of experi-
them, but each crow only reacted to the ence and social context on prospective caching strate-
same mask that had been worn when it gies by scrub jays. Nature, 414(6862), 443-446.
was captured. The remarkable birds re-
Marzluff, J. M., Walls, J., Cornell, H. N., Withey, J. C.,
membered what had been done to them, & Craig, D. P. (2010). Lasting recognition of threat-
and crucially, they remembered who had ening people by wild American crows. Animal Be-
done it for up to three years after the haviour, 79(3), 699-707.
event. Taylor, A. H. (2014). Corvid cognition. Wiley Interdisci-
plinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 5(3), 361-372.
Another indicator of social intelligence
Psych2Go
38 FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY
A DIFFERENT
KIND OF
JUSTICE
Forensic Psychology
40
3
ISSUE 1
4
41
ART SUBMISSION WINNER
THEME:
“Social Anxiety”
HI! I’m Nina! and well this is my piece on social anxiety - hope you like it!
I think the piece portrays the theme in a way that you think of every thing
you want to say, all the stores you make up in your head, yet you never
say a word of it in fear of judgement. You refuse to make a phone call or
go up to the cashier, it takes a lot of will power to have social interactions.
Overcoming anxiety is hard and most people in their life time will face it,
however it should not define you. Taking little steps towards social expe-
riences is the way to go, you don’t have to hop straight into a party with
people you don’t know but instead maybe take 10 minutes to call instead
of 30. Its all helps in the long run. It can get better.
- Nina Salami
http://fall-and-imagine.tumblr.com
If you would like to have the chance to win and have your art
showcased in our next issue, be on the lookout for the next art
theme which will be posted on our social media!
Psych2Go
THE TIMELINE
42
for
grad school
By: Jessica Jang
Artwork by: Natalia Mitiuriev
In NOVEMBER:
- Submit transcript requests at your
registrar’s office in person or online
- Turn in applications with DECEMBER or
JANUARY due dates
For JANUARY:
- Complete and submit applications for
programs with late deadlines (Usually
Psych2Go
44
SOCIAL ANXIETY
story
January: Social Anziety Awareness Month
Community Submissions:
46
sues do not actually trigger abusive ac- ported by the Office for Democratic Insti-
tions as much in real life when compared tutions and Human Rights in 2014 alone.
to earlier decades, they do affect many But first, let’s look at the definition of a
people nowadays whether we admit it or hate crime as suggested by the ODIHR.
not. “That’s not true! At least I personally A hate crime is a crime “motivated by
don’t do that”. But when we look closely prejudice”, which threatens individuals’
around us, we will find that Xenophobia security and might even lead to serious
and/ or racism are evident wherever we national security challenges. The fol-
go. In fact, most probably we have been lowing figures are the cases of racism/
Xenophobic or racist at least once before xenophobia out of the total number of
without realizing it. hate crimes reported by police: 43,113
out of 52,853 cases in the UK, 3871 out
By definition, Xenophobia is the hatred of 6385 cases in the US, 2039 out of 3059
or fear of foreigners that is exhibited cases in Germany, 678 out of 1662 cas-
through discriminatory, sometimes even es in France, and 413 out of 596 cases in
violent, behavior. According to studies, Italy. Other cases of hate crimes include
some of the causes of Xenophobia are the anti-Semitism, bias against Muslims, and
fear of loss of social status and identity; bias against members of the LGBT com-
a perceived or real threat to economic munity. More information is available on
success; the self-reassurance of one’s the Organization for Security and Co-op-
national identity at times of national cri- eration in Europe website.
sis (Harris, 2001); the perceived feel of
superiority; and finally the poor cultural On the bright side, people these days are
awareness (Mogekwu, 2005). The insuf- becoming more and more aware of the
ISSUE 4
Sources cited:
Model: Victoria
49
Model: Kaiza
Psych2Go
Social Anxiety is one of the most one of the things that affects me the
known type of anxiety disorders out most is that I have a stuttering problem.
there. Many adults, teenagers, and even If I’m stuttering I can’t make eye-contact
children are affected everyday but some with either my parents or the person I’m
of them don’t know if they actually have talking to. These are just some of the
the disorder. Unfortunately, I am one anxious tendencies I go through everyday
those affected people, but today I want and I am aware of the fact that there are
to talk about one of my closest friends other people out there who have differing
A Social Anxiety Awareness Project
since then, we’ve gone to school together I had asked a few questions to Claudyne
to this day. Growing up she was the little about how social anxiety effects her, and
girl who would always stay behind while I’m very positive people who have social
others were filled with energy and I have anxiety can definitely relate to this:
to say this is what drawn me into her; we
both have the same traits. Throughout Q: What made you realized you had social
the years I was very lucky to be her anxiety?
friend. Claudyne is just the type of person A: I was always a very quiet and shy kid;
who will say random things to make you I kept things to myself a lot since I can
laugh in weird situations, she’ll always even remember, but I realized I had social
listen to your problems and might as well anxiety around 7th grade when I had
cry with you, but what’s more important more friends and they always wanted to
is that she will agree upon joining you go out to do things. I couldn’t really do
to have fun… if her anxiety decides not anything without feeling uncomfortable
to control her that day. People don’t with the activities they were going to do,
understand the fact that social anxiety is I felt scared around people in the places
a legitimate disorder that can effect the we went to and I would feel exceedingly
functioning of a person’s daily life. Social pessimistic. I always thought about the
Anxiety can take us away from enjoying things people are saying about me (even
ourselves out there in the real world, it if they weren’t talking about me) I’d jump
takes our freedom away to enjoy things. to conclusions and think of the worse
possible outcome.
From personal experiences I come from
an immigrant family and I’m an only child Q: What is it that scares you the most
which means I have to help my parents about the public?
interpret information by talking in A: What scares me the most is almost
English and Spanish back and forth. My everything of my surroundings, the people
mind always starts to race, my hands and around me, sounds and what not. I get
neck start getting sweaty and probably scared awfully easily so anything while
ISSUE 4
I’m out is just terrifying; loud noises misunderstand us for; we don’t let
and people looking at me or just simply people take advantage of us. 51
trying to ask things or order food. I get
high anxiety when I go out but sometimes
my friends are very kind and reassure me
that it’s okay or ask things for me.
52
QUIZZES
ISSUE 4
53
Projective Psychology
56
The HTP Projective Test
INTERPRETATIONS By: Risha Mae Ordas
Victoria Weaver
There is great motivation that this per-
son possess, but there are the lack of
long term goals. Having said this, this
person is passionate, so that whatever
they would decide to be their goal, they
would do their best to reach for it no mat-
ter what. Although this person might be
undergoing tensions at the moment, this
does not stop them from wanting to be
productive.
Person Eliya
The drawing may depict that the person The striking thing about this drawing, is
is introverted, probably seens as cold or that it’s missing the bottom half of the
aloof. They may have the tendency to be body, which may indicate the anxiety and
persons who withdraw from their envi- insecurity of the person. This person may
ronements and would tend to be unin- have difficulty adjusting to social situa-
terested in perceiving their environment. tions, but is very much open and empa-
This person might have unsure ideas on thetic towards people and situations. This
their self concept, which might be a fac- person has a strong sense of ambition
tor of their anxiety, but this person has a and works hard to strive for love and af-
strong sense of control, and would often fection, although they might be quite im-
strive for it. They would also be charac- pulsive at times.
terized as having assertive and decisive
behavior.
Psych2Go
58
BOOK REVIEW:
CUT (2000)
By: StrangeSilverPhenex on tumblr
Book Review
ISSUE 4
60 ROTTEN
Sometimes I’m drowning in loneliness
Others I wallow in my victory of self-
sufficiency
The rollercoaster goes up, slowly, slowly
Mind your step.
Until it bursts down in agony
Does it show?
Does my face reflect what lies beneath?
Look in the mirror
Vague reflection
Only a girl with a mask on her face
SEARCHING 61
FOR ANSWERS
What is wrong with this world today?
Now so lazy
Now so defiled
Now so ignorant
Then again
62
PSYCHOLOGY
TOGO
BRAIN REJECTION
PSYCHOLOGICAL MYTHS
64
Introverts
By: Kimiya Monfared
Artwork by: Trina Laya
Many people believe that the label than with external things”.
“introverted” is a synonym for “shy”.
However, this is false because of several The Oxford dictionary definition of shy
reasons. Conversation, performance, and is: “being reserved or having or showing
leadership are just three of the differences nervousness or timidity in the company of
between shyness and introversion. other people”. The dictionary-definition
In a typical day, an introvert won’t initiate difference between “introvert” and “shy”
conversation, but once a conversation is clear. When it comes to the social
has been initiated with them, they run difference between an introverted person
with it. An introvert will continue to and a shy person, it is cloudy to someone
speak to whoever approached them and not familiar with psychology. Just
in turn, listen to what they have to say. because a person is introverted doesn’t
If a conversation is initiated with a shy mean he/she dislikes talking to people as
person, he/she will usually remain quiet a whole. An introvert might spend their
and listen to what the initiator has to Friday night at home playing piano while
say, rather than continue and add to the a shy extrovert will go out with friends but
Debungking Psychological Myths
65
ADVICE COLUMN
“Whenever my friend is stressed best! for yourself as you are giving
she doesn’t want to eat and sometimes to others.
forgets to eat.
LAUR
As a friend, I am very concerned about
her. I don’t want to come to the point
A
where she will become sick and ill. I
want her to be healthy and happy.
What is some advice you can offer me to
help her?.” - Anonymous “Any advice to stop procrastinating,
and start having a good working to-do
Hey there, I’m sorry your friend is going system, would be highly appreciated!!”
through a rough patch right now and of - Anonymous
course you feel concerned. I’ve been in
that situation with a friend as well. She
was either too upset or too stressed to Hi anon. Staying organised can be
eat and would always feel weak. She difficult sometimes and it’s easy to
made up so many excuses at first about feel overwhelmed with a large task.
not eating but I started talking to her a Sometimes it’s very easy to bury your
bit more and it was mostly about how her head in the sand, so we’ll done for
day was going and how she was feeling. being proactive in staying on top of
From my experience, the more I talked to things! Getting a task done regardless
her, the more trust I gained until she was of what it is comes down to steps. Break
finally able to talk about her more serious everything you do into small chunks that
problems. People don’t always stress out are easy to manage. For example, if you
about the same things, and sometimes have an essay to do it needs broke into
something that may be stressful for two halves, research and writing. Then
one person can seem easy or hardly each of those categories needs to be
problematic to another. broken into topics to put into the essay.
It’s always helpful to put yourself in their By completing smaller tasks things are
shoes or try and see it from their point more manageable than tackling one big
of view. Another helpful tip is patience. task. Time management is important,
Like I mentioned, people stress about all plan how you need to spend your time
kinds of things so just talk with them and where. For this I also recommend a day
let them know you’re there for any type of to day diary so that you can write daily to
support. Even being able to express their do lists as well to ensure that you don’t
feelings to someone can help a person forget anything. Bullet journaling might
who feels stressed. I felt that showing be of interest as this is an efficient system
my friend that I truly cared about her designed to maximise productiveness.
and letting her know about my concern Good luck anon, you can do it.
helped her see that she did have to focus
on her health too. Little by little she was
able to eat more and she’s still working
LAUR
on that till this day. I hope all this helps EN
and that your friend is able to relax a bit
more. You can be her reminders to stay
positive at times. Wishing you both the
Psych2Go
66
Artwork by:
Jeffrey Bigelow
Mental helpline provided by:
riseandtry.tumblr.com
Psych2Go
68
THANK YOU!
The contributors & Digital Research team: Katherine Fosso- U.S. (Indiana)
Rhonda Marie – U.S. (Kentucky) sunsinourhands.tumblr.com
Tai Tai - Canada
Analucia Guzman –Guatemala Trisha Mae Laya – Philippines
Holly Schaefer-U.S. (Pennsylvania) https://www.behance.net/shathree
David Bradley- U.S. (Massachusetts)
Megan Altemus- U.S. (Louisiana) Sohaina Maritita – Northern Marina Islands
Carolyn McCormick – U.S. (North Carolina) http://gunningtwice.tumblr.com/
Teresa Johnson
ISSUE 4
69
70
READER TESTIMONIALS
Testimonials
Psych2Go Issue 1
I thoroughly enjoyed reading Psych- a nice idea but there are some in-
2go’s first magazine for ADHD aware- stances where I feel it doesn’t quite
ness month, for their first magazine this work (for example page 37). I don’t know,
is a very strong start, unfortunately it isn’t it just bugs me when one page is full but
without its problems. I was surprised to the page next to it is half blank (or half
find that the barrier to entry is quite low, full if you’re feeling optimistic). The last
literally anyone with little to no back- two paragraphs on page 19 clash a bit
ground knowledge of psychology or any of with the art on the page, it’s a minor is-
the social sciences could pick this up and sue but I feel that it should be mentioned.
read it if psychology is something you’re
interested in. This magazine covers a Also, I wish that the font for the citations
plethora of thought provoking topics from were a little darker, so they’re easier to
separation anxiety disorder, to autism, to read (especially pages 66 & 67 with the
martial arts, and even tips for interviews suicide hotlines). Page 15 in particular
so it’s filled with things everybody can has a few font related problems, page
take something away from. 14 & 15 have an interview with a college
student but surprisingly there’s no use of
The magazine is very colorful with many quotation marks at all for her responses,
illustrations throughout so it doesn’t feel even though the text is a different color
like you’re reading a college textbook. the questions have the same sized font as
However, many of the pdf pages follow her responses, and there’s even a part on
this format where there are two normal that page where it transitions from her
pages crammed together on one page, responses back into the next section
ISSUE 4
- Callestere
Hello,
- Mareena
(http://a-fat-dragon.tumblr.com)
Psych2Go
72 Psych2Go’s
COMMUNITY CHALLENGE
Psych2Go's Community Challenge
ISSUE 4
73
Thank you for purchasing
Psych2Go Magazine!
Teresa Johnson
Editor-in-chief of Psych2Go Mag
Communications & Journalism Student
E-mail: teresajohnson575@gmail.com
LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/teresajohnso
Twitter: @teresaxjohnson
Psych2Go
78