LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Activity 1
POWERS

This learning process uses the syntax of Problem-Based Learning.

ORIENTATION
In everyday, we often use the application of powers and roots in various aspects of life.
Surely you didn't realize that, right? Maybe you'll notice if we're talking about NASA. How
can NASA determine the distance from the earth to the sun? How does NASA write down
the distance from the earth to the sun in a shortway? It is an application of the powers
and roots materials.

EXPERIMENT
Organize
Do the activities below in groups.
1. The group consists of 4-5 students. Each group provides:
a. 1 sheet of buffalo paper or origami paper (each group has a different color)
b. 1 pair of scissors
2. Fold the paper into two equal parts
3. Cut the paper so it becomes two equal parts
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the paper can no longer be cut.
5. A lot of paper in each cutting result is called a lot of paper.
6. Write the results of your paper cutting in the table below:

Cutting to- Lot of Paper

1 2
2
3
4
5
6
7

MATH – STAGE 9 – 1ST EDITION MODULE – POWERS AND ROOTS 1

Analyze
1. How many times did your group cut the paper?
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2. How many pieces of paper are there on the 4th cut?
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3. Can you determine many pieces of paper in the 10th cut?
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4. If you cut paper 𝑛 times, write down the general formula!
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Powers of number is indicate that this number will multiply itself. The general form
of a powers is

𝒂𝒏 = ⏟
𝒂 × 𝒂 × 𝒂 × …× 𝒂
𝒏 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬

If the powers in of the form 𝒂𝒏 , then 𝒂 called base and 𝒏 called indices

Observe and complete the table below (investigation)!

Powers Multiplication Form (Full) Answer

24

−33

63

−74

107

MATH – STAGE 9 – 1ST EDITION MODULE – POWERS AND ROOTS 2

Write each object in multiplication form (full)!
1. The length of the Great Wall in China is 2 × 107 m !
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2. Earth’s diameter range is 108 m !
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3. Milky Way’s diameter range is 9.5 × 1017 !
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4. The total area of the Pacific Ocean is 1013 m2 !
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Exercise 1.1
Presentation and Evaluation
Simplify and answer the following using indices!
1. 4 × 4 × 4
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2. (−3) × (−3) × (−3) × (−3) × (−3) × (−3)
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3. 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7
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4. 6 × 6
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5. (−12) × (−12) × (−12)
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MATH – STAGE 9 – 1ST EDITION MODULE – POWERS AND ROOTS 3

Write out and answer the following in full !
6. (−7)4
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7. 33
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8. 95
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9. (−6)5
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10. 112
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Simplify and answer the following. Leave your answer in index form !
11. 3 × 3 × 2 × 2
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12. 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 6 × 6
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13. 3 × 1 × 4 × 5 × 5
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14. 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5
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15. 7 × 7 × 4 × 4 × 4
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MATH – STAGE 9 – 1ST EDITION MODULE – POWERS AND ROOTS 4

 LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Activity 2
LAWS OF INDICES

This learning process uses the syntax of Problem-Based Learning. When working with numbers
involving indices, these are three basic laws that can be applied. These are shown below:
Orientation
1. MULTIPLICATION
If you find a power multiplied by another power and have the same base, you can add up the
indices. This can be written in a general form as :

𝒂𝒎 × 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝒎+𝒏
Example :
Simplify 43 × 42 !
Answer : 43 × 42 = 4(3+2) = 45

2. DIVISION
If you find a power divide with another power and have the same base, you can subtract the
indices. This can be written in a general form as :

𝒂𝒎 ÷ 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝒎−𝒏
Example :
Simplify 56 ÷ 52
Answer : 56 ÷ 52 = 5(6−2) = 54

3. POWER BY POWER
If you find a power over with another power and have the same base, you can multiply the
indices. This can be written in a general form as :

(𝒂𝒎 )𝒏 = 𝒂𝒎×𝒏
Example :
Evaluate (42 )3
Answer : (42 )3 = 4(2×3) = 46

MATH – STAGE 9 – 1ST EDITION MODULE – POWERS AND ROOTS 5

4. THE ZERO INDEX
The zero index means that a number has been raised to the power of 0. Any number raised to
the power of 0 is equal to 1. This can be written as :

𝒂𝟎 = 𝟏
Example :
Find the value of 170
Answer: The value of 170 = 1

Organize and Analyze

CAN YOU PROVE THE LAW OF ZERO INDEX?

Proof if 𝒂𝟎 =𝟏

MATH – STAGE 9 – 1ST EDITION MODULE – POWERS AND ROOTS 6

5. NEGATIVE INDICES
The zero index means that a number has been raised to the power of 0. Any number raised to
the power of 0 is equal to 1. This can be written as :

𝟏
𝒂−𝒎 =
𝒂𝒎
Example :
Write 4−2 as a fraction
1 1
Answer : 4−2 = = 16
42

Organize and Analyze

CAN YOU PROVE THE LAW OF ZERO INDEX?
𝟏
Proof if 𝒂−𝒎 =
𝒂𝒎

Video’s link about

Powers and Law of Indices :
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=Nfa9LxBzFr0

MATH – STAGE 9 – 1ST EDITION MODULE – POWERS AND ROOTS 7

 Exercise 1.2
Presentation and Evaluation
Simplify the following and find the result as an integer!
1. 83 × 82 × 8
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2. (52 )9
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3. 7−4
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4. 38 × 3 ∶ 37
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5. (88 × 87 ) ∶ (83 × 85 )
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6. 24 ∶ 42
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7. 6−2 × 65 × 6−3
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8. (34 )2 ∶ 33
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9. 24 × 22 ∶ 23
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10. 42 × 42 ∶ 44
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MATH – STAGE 9 – 1ST EDITION MODULE – POWERS AND ROOTS 8

 LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Activity 3
ROOTS

This learning process uses the syntax of the Scientific Approach.

Observing and Questioning
𝑚
Roots are the inverse of the powers. Form 𝑎 𝑛 is a form of fraction powers that can be converted
into the form of a root. The general form of roots is :
𝒎 𝒏
𝒂 𝒏 = √𝒂𝒎

The law of the roots can be spelled into :

1. Form 𝑏√𝑎 + 𝑐 √𝑎 ; for 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 positive numbers

𝒃√𝒂 + 𝒄√𝒂 = (𝒃 + 𝒄)√𝒂

Example :
9√7 + 4√7 = (9 + 4)√7 = 13√7

2. Form 𝑑√𝑎 − 𝑒√𝑎 ; for 𝑎, 𝑑, 𝑒 positive numbers

𝒅√𝒂 − 𝒆√𝒂 = (𝒅 − 𝒆)√𝒂

Example :
12√3 − 5√3 = (12 − 5)√3 = 7√3

3. Form √𝑎𝑏 ; for 𝑎, 𝑏 positive numbers

√𝒂 × 𝒃 = √𝒂 × √𝒃

Example :
√75 = √25 × 3 = √25 × √3 = 5√3

MATH – STAGE 9 – 1ST EDITION MODULE – POWERS AND ROOTS 9

 𝑎
4. Form √ ; for 𝑎 > 0 and 𝑏 > 0
𝑏

𝒂 √𝒂
√ =
𝒃 √𝒃
Example :

108 36 × 3 √36√3 6√3

√ =√ = = =6
3 3 √3 √3

𝑎
5. Form
√𝑏

𝒂 𝒂 √𝒃 𝒂√𝒃
= × =
√𝒃 √𝒃 √𝒃 𝒃

Example :
8
Simplify the form as fraction!
√3

8 8 √3 8√3 8
= × = = √3
√3 √3 √3 3 3

Collecting Data

Video’s link about

Roots :
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=wzAotwNPhm8

MATH – STAGE 9 – 1ST EDITION MODULE – POWERS AND ROOTS 10

 Exercise 1.3
Reasoning and Communicating
Match this statement with the correct answer on the right table and write your reason!
Statement Answer
3
Find the value of 162 o o 10
3 2
The result of (2564 )−3 o o √3
6 o o 64
Simplify this form
√12
Find the value of 4√6 × 3√2 − 5√3 o o 19√3
The result of 5√7 ∶ √98 × 2√14 o o 1
16
o 10√2
Write your answer here!
3
1. Find the value of 162 !
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3 2
2. The result of (2564 )−3 !
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6
3. Simplify this form !
√12

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4. Find the value of 4√6 × 3√2 − 5√3 !
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5. The result of 5√7 ∶ √98 × 2√14 !
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MATH – STAGE 9 – 1ST EDITION MODULE – POWERS AND ROOTS 11

 LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Activity 4
NOTATION

Notation is used to minimize writing errors with a large number. For example to write the size of
the Earth, if you only write in normal form, then a writing error might happen because of too large
a number.

Notation (standard form) of a positive number is written as :

𝒂 × 𝟏𝟎𝒏 , with 𝟏 < 𝒂 < 𝟏𝟎 and 𝒏 is integer

Example :
Number Notations Explanation
104 = 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10
8
100,000,000 10
= 100,000,000
85 × 103 8.5 × 104 = 8.5 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10
85,000
= 8.5 × 104 = 85,000
1
10−4 =
104
1
−4
=
0,0001 10 10 × 10 × 10 × 10
1
=
1000
= 0,0001
71 1
7.1 × 10−7 = × 7
10 10
71
=
0,00000071 7.1 × 10−7 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10
71
=
100,000,000
= 0,00000071

MATH – STAGE 9 – 1ST EDITION MODULE – POWERS AND ROOTS 12

 Exercise 1.4
Define the notation for the following numbers!
1. 100,000,000,000
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2. 345,000,000
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3. 9,876,000,000,000
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4. 0,000678
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5. 0,000000000375
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Define the numbers for the following notation!

6. 5 × 1012
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7. 7.125 × 107
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8. 2.7 × 10−12
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9. 1,5 × 10−5
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MATH – STAGE 9 – 1ST EDITION MODULE – POWERS AND ROOTS 13

10. 0,455 × 10−6
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Analyze the following statement and write your explanation!

11.
The wide range of Indonesia from Sabang to Merauke is 1,920,000,000,000 𝑚2 . Write in
notation!
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12.
The diameter range of Galaxy Bimasakti is 1,135 × 1018 . Write in the normal form!
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MATH – STAGE 9 – 1ST EDITION MODULE – POWERS AND ROOTS 14

13.
The diameter range of Earth is 1,27 × 107 m. Write the answer in the normal form!
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14.
The diameter range of the Sun is 1,390,000,000 m. Write the answer as a notation!
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15.
The wide range of the Pacific Ocean is 180,000,000 𝑘𝑚2. Write the answer as a notation!
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MATH – STAGE 9 – 1ST EDITION MODULE – POWERS AND ROOTS 15

 ASSESSMENT
First Project
POWERS AND ROOTS

PROJECT ASSIGNMENT TERMS :

1. The group consists of 4-5 students
2. Each group make a ONE PRODUCT that can be describe one of material of
powers and roots. (In this module, powers and roots have 4 material, each
group only take 1 material)
3. Product as like a Mind Mapping, Poster, Learning’s Video, etc
4. This project can be done for 2 WEEKS after teacher give you an assignment
5. All of materials and tools, include how to make the product, you must filled in
the table below.
6. Please ask the teacher if your group feel confused

Please write your progress in this table!

Group
Name of Member /
1. _________________________________________________
Absent

2. _________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________
Materials of Powers
and Roots
Tools

MATH – STAGE 9 – 1ST EDITION MODULE – POWERS AND ROOTS 16

How to Make

Picture of the product

Group Trouble

MATH – STAGE 9 – 1ST EDITION MODULE – POWERS AND ROOTS 17