_____PHẦN ĐỀ VÀ BÀI LÀM CỦA THÍ SINH____

Điểm Họ, tên và chữ ký Mã phách

1.Lis:……... Bằng số Bằng chữ Giám khảo 1 Giám khảo 2 CTHD ghi
2.UoL:……
3.Read:…..
4.Write:…..

SECTION 1: LISTENING COMPREHENSION

Part 1. You will hear an interview with a tour leader who works for an adventure company in
Africa. For questions 1-7, decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). You will listen
twice.
1. Don says that most of his passengers are looking for jobs.
2. When Don first meets a group, he checks they have the right equipment.
3. Don remembers one trip when he failed to take enough food.
4. Don oversees the domestic work because he doesn’t like to lose things.
5. If people argue, Don says that he prefers not to get involved.
6. Don says that he sometimes needs to get to sleep early.
7. Don forces everyone to be quick about getting up.
Part 2. You will hear two friends, Fiona and Matthew, discussing an interview which featured an
American skier and filmmaker called Nick Waggoner. For questions 8-13, choose the answer (A,
B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. You will listen twice.
8. What is Matthew doing when Fiona arrives at the coffee shop?
A. He has started reading the interview.
B. He is in the middle of reading the interview.
C. He has finished reading the interview.
D. He is thinking about reading the interview.
9. What is Fiona's reaction to the topic, at first?
A. genuinely curious about it
B. completely bored with it
C. totally fascinated by it
D. not that interested in it
10. What made Nick Waggoner choose the location for his film Solitaire?
A. It was suitable for using a helicopter.
B. He liked the challenge it would provide.
C. It had the most dramatic landscapes.
D. The snow conditions were perfect there.
11. What was the impact of Arne Backstrom's death on Nick and Zac?
A. It was OK as they didn't know Arne well.
B. It affected Nick and Zac very deeply.
C. They decided to abandon the project.
D. They were not entirely surprised by it.
12. What did Nick and Zac do after Arne's death?
A. They learned how to paraglide.
B. They connected with other colleagues.
C. They moved the film dates forward.
D. They learned how to fly a plane.
13. How does Nick describe the effect that making ski films has on him?
A. He says it frightens him.
B. He says it bores him.
C. He says he doesn't like it.
D. He says it energises him.
Part 3. You will hear part of a radio report about interactive science and technology centres in
Britain. Answer questions 14-20 with NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS. You will listen twice.
14. What of a prehistoric sea animal can visitors see at National Stone Center?
15. What has been mined for long in the area on which the National Stone Centre stands on?
16. How do visitors feel about the amount of stone people consume each year?
17. What are the two examples of the use of stone in construction that the speaker gives?
18. What does the headmaster describe the centre as?
19. What do the activities at the centre fit perfectly to?
20. What was the first interactive gallery in Britain called?
Part 4. Listen to the news on healthcare systems in the world and fill in each blank (21-32) with
NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS. You will listen twice.
United States has long had one of the (21)__________ between what healthcare costs each citizen,
and what benefit they get out of it.
According to the Bloomberg Health-Care Efficiency Index, the top three ranking countries in
healthcare in 2016-2017 were:

3. Spain: 2. Singapore 1. Hong Kong

Healthcare cost $ (22)___________ No free healthcare to $2000

per person avoid waste

Average life nearly 84 years one of the highest

expectancy life expectancies in
the world

GPD spent on 10% (25)___________% 3%

healthcare
 Healthcare (23)___________system (26)___________syste Low-cost public care
system m for (28)__________
No
and medication is
(24)__________expenses Low costs yet high
combined with high-
in public hospitals health care quality
cost elective or
Delays in seeing doctors Up to 9% of specialized care
or getting specialised (27)___________ to be
 to avoid
surgery beyond primary deducted and set aside
(29)___________
care for personal or family
and raising costs
care

With small populations of under ten million people, Singapore and Hong Kong can make most health
factors (30)___________ throughout the region and population. However, the United States with a far
bigger population of over 320 million, finds it hard to implement centralized, or single payer
healthcare without (31)___________. Also, US healthcare costs are sky-high, with medical bills
being the leading cause of (32) ___________ for the Americans.
Your answers:
Part 1: (0.2/ea)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Part 2: (0.2/ea)
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Part 3: (0.1/ea)

14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Part 4: (0.1/ea)

21. 22. 23. 24.

25. 26. 27. 28.

29. 30. 31. 32.

SECTION 2: LEXICO-GRAMMAR
Part 1: Choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) to each of the following questions and write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
1. Peter is finding it very hard to _______ to married life.
A adjust B. reconcile C. concur D. accord
2. Our teacher is wonderful - she can put_______ the most difficult subject really clearly.
A. out B. on C. forward D. over
3. The results of the inquiry may lend _______ to the claims made by the scientist.
 A. gravity B. depth C. weight D. volume
4. Research shows that parents watch more television …………..
A. than their children’s B. than do their children.
C. than did their children. D. than their children watch.
5. If you want a good camera, there’s nothing I _______ more highly than this model.
A. recommend B. propose C. advise D. applaud
6. _______do his views reflect those of the company as a whole?
A. To what extent B. In what condition
C. Under what circumstances D. To what end
7. When I started to study archaeology. I knew _______no Latin, but within a year I could read it
rather well.
A. barely B. entirely C. scarcely D. virtually
8. As soon as I let go of the string,…………, high into the sky.
A. up went the balloon B. up the balloon go
C. went up the balloon D. did the balloon go up
9. Nuclear power is _______ dangerous and wasteful.
A. deliberately B. unappealingly C. inherently D. conveniently
10. No sooner_______ out than it rained.
A. did I do B. I went C. Had I gone D. I gone
11. The protestors carried_______ and wore badges to publicise their cause.
A. banners B. hoardings C. pamphlets D. advertisements
12. The children have such_______ appetites that I have to cook them double portions.
A. omnivorous B. delicious C. voracious D. devouring
13. Children are always trying to find out _______ they can go with a new teacher
A. how far B. what length C. what distance D. how long
14. Sarah thinks she can set the world to _______ all by herself.
A. justice B. fairness C. rights D. principles
15. The news report _______ the plight of the refugees.
A. headlined B. captioned C. highlighted D. pinpointed

Your answers: (0.1/ea)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Part 2: Use the word given in CAPITALS at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the
space.
1. I think you are the wrong registration desk; this is for those staying in the hospital overnight after
surgery for monitoring, but you are an __________ . (PATIENT)
2. Financial __________ has resulted in spending overrunning considerably for the second
consecutive year. (MANAGE)
3. This is essentially two stories expertly __________ by the author into one utterly compelling
novel. (INTERWEAVE)
4. We are all __________ to varying degrees I’m afraid; to err is human. (FALL)
5. He loped around the track __________ and left the other runners trailing in his wake. (EFFORT)
Your answers: (0.1/ea)

1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

Part 3: Read the passage to find out 10 errors, then provide the correction in the corresponding
numbered boxes.
Children’s games: past vs present
It is characteristic of human race that change is constantly deploring, and that ‘the good old
days’ are believed to have been far better then the present day. In the realm of children games, the
fixed idea is that children ‘don’t play games no more’, or ’don’t have the fun we used to have’.
Adults can be savage critical of the supposed sophistication or inertia to contemporary
schoolchildren, and equally self-righteous about its own childhoods. The much re-iterate phrase is,
‘We used to make our own amusements.’ At the same time, they all but prevent their children from
doing their own amusements by supplying them with generous pocket-money and giving them
expensive toys.

Your answers: (0.1/ea)

Error Correction

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Part 4: Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE word in
each gap. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.

Self-control of a remarkable kind is (1)______ taught by doctors in Topeka, Kansas. Dr. Elmar
Green and his wife Alyce, both psychologists, set out in 1964 to discover what a person could do to
change his or her own physiological (2)______. The method they employed is autogenic training (i.e.
a process that takes (3)______ at a conscious level). The doctors launched a two-week training
programme with 33 housewives, (4)______first lesson was to warm their hands at (5)______. With
practice they mastered an increase of up to 10 degrees Fahrenheit, not for the (6)______ of making
cold hands warm, but to alter the patterns of the brain.
Today this exercise has particular significance for the migraine victim, who can learn to control
the temperature of her hands as a (7)______ in gaining voluntary relief from headache. Epileptics
learn (8)______ controls so that they can spare themselves an oncoming epileptic brain pattern. The
Kansas doctors would describe a homely old thermometer as a ‘biofeedback instrument’: it feeds
back biological information to the patient about (9)______. The whole point of ‘biofeedback’ is that it
makes it possible to know consciously what normally carries on at a sub-conscious level; i.e. heart
beat, rhythm of breathing. In time, (10)______ laboratory instrument is required.
Your answers: (0.1/ea)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

SECTION 3: READING COMPREHENSION

Part 1: You are going to read a newspaper article about bringing up children. Choose the answer
(A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes.

Lomborg's book entitled The Skeptical Environmentalist caused an uproar when it was published
in 1998. The author’s beef is with the litany of doom espoused by certain environmental activists. We
have all heard the main points several times: natural resources are running out; the world's population
is too big and growing at an alarming rate; rivers, lakes, oceans and the atmosphere are getting dirtier
all the time. Forests are being destroyed, fish stocks are collapsing, 40,000 species a year are facing
extinction, and the planet is warming disastrously. The world is falling apart and it is our fault.
Nonsense, says Lomborg. These are just scare stories put about by ideologues and promulgated
by the media. There is little evidence that the world is in trouble, he claims, and a good deal more that
suggests that we have never had it so good. Air quality in the developed world has improved markedly
over the past 100 years. The average inhabitant of the developing world consumes 38% more calories
now than 100 years ago, and the percentage of people threatened with starvation has fallen from 35%
to 18%. The hole in the ozone layer is more or less fixed; the global warming theory has been much
exaggerated. And though we worry incessantly about pollution, the lifetime risk of drinking water
laden with pesticides at the European Union safety limit is the equivalent of smoking 1.4 cigarettes. In
short the world is not falling apart; rather the doom mongers have ted us all down the garden path.
‘Lomborg’ is the dirtiest word in environmental circles at the moment. Henning Sorenson,
former president of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences, maintains that his fellow countryman is
wrong, dangerous and lacking the professional training even to comprehend the data he presents. These
are strong words. Sorenson was referring specifically to Lomborg’s opinions on mineral resources, but
this book contains sufficient biological nonsense to add ignorance of at least one more discipline to the
charge sheet For example, long term growth in the number of species on Earth over the past 600m
years - itself a disputed issue, though you would not know it - is accredited to ‘a process of
specialisation which is both due to the fact that the Earth’s physical surroundings have become more
diverse and a result of all other species becoming more specialised.’ One really has to look further than
a United Nations Environment Programme report to understand such complex issues. And surely only
a statistician could arrive at a figure of 0.7% extinction of all species on Earth in the next 50 years,
when respectable estimates of total diversity range from 2m to 500m species (not 2m-80m, as
Lomborg claims).
However, my greatest concern is with Lomborg’s tone. He is clearly committed to rubbishing the
views of hand-picked environmentalists, frequently the very silly ones such as Ehrlich, whom
professionals have been ignoring for decades. This selective approach does not inspire much
confidence: ridiculing idiots is easy. Who better to manipulate data in support of a particular point of
view than a professional statistician? And who to trust with the task less than someone who argues like
a lawyer?
The reader should be wary in particular of Lomborg’s passion for global statistics: overarching
averages can obscure a lot of important detail. The area of land covered with trees may not have
changed much in the past 50 years, but this is mostly because northern forests have increased in area
while the biologically richer tropical ones have declined. If you want to see how the global trend
translates into one particular local context, go to northern Scotland and gaze over the immense
plantations of American conifers that have replaced Britain’s biologically unique native peatlands. And
to balance the books, the area of these noisome tree farms has to be reflected by deforestation
somewhere else in the world, let's say Madagascar, for example. That the global forest area has
remained more less constant actually tells us nothing about the state of the environment.
So have we been led down the garden path by the environmentalists? Lomborg argues a convincing
case with which I have much sympathy, but the reader should perhaps follow the author's lead and
maintain a healthy scepticism. And if you come away with the nagging suspicion that Lomborg has a
secret drawer of data that does not fit his convictions, then you are quite probably a cynic.
1. What is not mentioned by Lamborg as one of the environmental problems?
A.Depleted natural resources
B. Increasing occurrence of natural disasters
C. Excessive growth of the world population
D.Extinction of a large number of animal species
2. Lomborg believes that
A. environmental pessimists have misrepresented the facts.
B. not enough is being done to curb the world's population explosion.
C. we are abdicating our responsibility in caring for the planet
D. the dimensions of the global warming problem have been underestimated.
3. What evidence does Lomborg provide to support his point of view?
A. The media have helped to spread panic.
B. Cigarette smoking does not pose a lifetime risk.
C. Overeating is becoming considerably more common
D. People tend to live longer than in the past.
4. Lomborg is unpopular in the environmental world because
A. he is not capable of understanding the complexities of environmental research.
B. he makes use of unsupported claims to propose new theories.
C. he simplifies existing data to support his own spurious claims.
D. as a statistician he doesn't have the necessary background to attack existing findings.
5. What do Lomborg and the writer have in common?
A. A mistrust of lawyers
B. A contempt for some environmentalists
C. A selective approach to global problems
D. An admiration for statisticians
6. Why does the writer mention Scotland and Madagascar?
 A.As an example of deforestation
B. As evidence that available data on forests is insufficient
C. To show that global statistics can be misleading.
D.To show how natural vegetation is being threatened by imported trees.
7. What is the writer's overall response to Lomborg's book?
A. scorn B. indifference C. wonder D. distrust
8. Which of the following square brackets [A], [B], [C], [D] best indicates where in the paragraph
the sentence “Human life expectancy has soared.” can be best inserted?
[A] Nonsense, says Lomborg. ‘These are just scare stories put about by ideologues and promulgated
by the media. There is little evidence that the world is in trouble, he claims, and a good deal more
that suggests that we have never had it so good. [B] Air quality in the developed world has
improved markedly over the past 100 years. [C] The average inhabitant of the developing world
consumes 38% more calories now than 100 years ago, and the percentage of people threatened with
starvation has fallen from 35% to 18%. [D] The hole in the ozone layer is more or less fixed; the
global warming theory has been much exaggerated.
Your answers: (0.2/ea)
1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

Part 2: You are going to read an extract from a magazine article. Seven paragraphs have been
removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (1 -7).
There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.
Slimming is the nation's favourite obsession. More than half of Britain is overweight; one in
five of us is ‘obese’. We could soon be giving the Americans a waddle for their money.
1.

And it's of little comfort that Slimming Magazine ‘Slimmer of the Year’ is a man - Larry Hood,
45, who shrank from one hundred and sixty-one to sixty-nine and a half kilos thanks to a calorie-
controlled diet (and working in a building with stairs). For your average bloke the words ‘calorie’ and
‘controlled’ have all the allure of dental work. In a classroom in London’s Regents College, on a
Tuesday night, in the company of seven men ranging from seventy-six to one hundred and forty kilos,
I find myself investigating an alternative. Lighten Up is a programme developed by ex-personal
trainer and motivational guru Pete Cohen, best known for his work with athletes. Lighten Up has been
around for two years, but its latest programme is the first to be aimed at men. It's come up with a
gloriously macho acronym: MEN (Motivation, Exercise and Nutrition). Men in the unisex classes
felt, as our ‘presenter’ and Lighten up’s cofounder Judith Verity says, there was too much oestrogen
flying around. We decided to see if there was enough interest to do a men-only group.
2.

The body-image pressure women have suffered for decades is now being foisted on men. The
problem is, all this sudden incitement to lose the lipids feels like being thrown into an exam without
having been taught the syllabus. When my flatmate decided to go on a diet, I came home to find him
preparing supper: eight Ryvita covered in butter and cheese (for any male readers scratching their
heads, that's like drinking alcohol-free lager with tequila chasers). And we're streets ahead of women
when it comes to self-deception. A recent study by the Calorie Control Council in the us found that
while forty-one per cent of women blamed weight loss failure on lack of self-discipline, only thirty
per cent of men did, preferring to blame external factors. We just lie.
 3.

Professor Stephen Gray of Nottingham Trent University, who oversaw the survey, commented:
‘Men are ten years behind women in terms of understanding the link between diet, lifestyle and body
shape.’ Sadly, this ignorance is killing us. Men die six years earlier than women, and are far more
prone to all weight-affected illnesses. Lighten Up’s philosophy is, when armed with all the correct
information, even the worst Pringle junkie will be able to re-programme his attitude to food. Week
one starts in dramatic fashion. In front of us are two desks.
4.

At seventy-eight kilos, I feel like a skinny interloper, and yet my reasons for being here are not
entirely journalistic. Like most men in their early thirties, ‘I could do with losing a bit round the
middle’. I gave up smoking a year ago and went up a jeans size. Despite exercising four times a week
and watching what I eat, my gut has clung to those extra pounds. I know this because six months ago.
I bought my first-ever pair of scales.
5.

There's also some motivational ‘visualisation’. You imagine walking through your front door
and into a thinner you, and mentally slip into this thin suit whenever the need arises.
6.

The two-hour sessions are fascinating, encouraging us to get to the root of why we over-eat.
Food, after all, is the most abused drug we have. I realise that for most of my life, my attitude to food
has been pretty dysfunctional, operating on a checks and balances system (eat a packet of crisps, go
for a run. Over-eat one day, starve yourself the next.). Men rarely admit to this.
7.

While it claims a sixty-eight per cent success rate, I’m not shopping for new jeans yet. But
fellow Lighten Up punter Graham, fifty-one, is making progress even though his lifelong battle with
snack addiction is not yet won. ‘The programme is logical,’ he says. ‘But if they invent a ‘fat pill’
that works, I'll be the first in the queue.’
(from an article by D. Syson in ‘The Observer Magazine)
A. So what happens during the lessons? Well, mainly we just listen and learn. We learn that the
maximum weight you should lose is one kilo per week, otherwise your body goes into famine mode
and stores up fat deposits. That we may have a set point at which our body weight hovers, and that it
can take as long as six months to change it. And that successful dieters (ninety-five per cent put the
weight they lost back on) do lots of light exercise - not ‘going for the bum’ on a treadmill, just
walking or gardening.
B. A survey for Nimble bread found that although the national average waist size in men is ninety-
one centimetres, nearly half of those men continue to wear a much smaller size. They just pull them
down below their gut.
C. There is no weigh-in here. The Lighten Up programme is not a diet. The attitude is simple: diets
don’t work, and the dieting industry is a scam relying on repeat business.
D. There should be enough interest, given the current cultural climate. Men, especially young men,
are under pressure to look fit and trim. Our role models, with the exception of Homer Simpson, have
minimal body fat. Even cricketers now whip off their shirts when they take a wicket.
E. David, in his late thirties and around one hundred and twenty-seven kilos, motivates himself by
visualising his thin self walking up to pay in a petrol station without people having to move out of the
way.
F. For men, this is alarming news. However knowingly we stare at the grids on the side of
supermarket packets, most of us are still woefully ignorant about food. Karl Lagerfield may have lost
more than twenty- five kilos in six months on a miracle diet but he, you know, works in fashion and
has easier access to extract of cactus than most.
G. But I'm not alone. Lighten Up’s new programme is definitely a step in the right direction, but the
big question is, does it work?
H. One is filled with crisps, cakes, coke. The other boasts rice cakes, lentils, vegetables, fruit. A
nutritional dialectic, if you like. We’re told we can help ourselves from either table. No one does.
Your answers: (0.2/ea)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Part 3: For questions 1-6, choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-F from the list of headings
below. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
List of Headings

A. The benefits of simple language F. Differing interpretations

B. A necessary tool G. Publicizing new words
C. A lasting way of concealing disasters H. Feeling shut out
D. The worst offenders I. Playing with words
E. A deceptively attractive option

1 JARGON
Jargon is a loaded word. One dictionary defines it, neatly and neutrally, as ‘the technical
vocabulary or idiom of a special activity or group’, but this sense is almost completely overshadowed
by another: ‘obscure and often pretentious language marked by a roundabout way of expression and
use of long words’. For most people, it is this second sense which is at the front of their minds when
they think about jargon. Jargon is said to be a bad use of language, something to be avoided at all
costs. No one ever describes it in positive terms (‘that was a delightful piece of rousing jargon’). Nor
does one usually admit to using it oneself: the myth is that jargon is something only other people
employ.

2
The reality, however is that everyone uses jargon. It is an essential part of the network
of occupations and pursuits that make up society. All jobs present an element of jargon, which
workers learn as they develop their expertise. All hobbies require mastery of a jargon. Each society
grouping has its jargon. The phenomenon turns out to be universal – and valuable. It is the jargon
element which, in a job, can promote economy and precision of expression, and thus help make life
easier for the workers. It is also the chief linguistic element which shows professional awareness
(‘know-how’) and social togetherness (‘shop-talk’).

3
When we have learned to command it, jargon is something we readily take pleasure in,
whether the subject area is motorcycles, knitting, cricket, baseball or computers. It can add pace,
variety and humour to speech – as when, with an important event approaching, we might slip into
NASA-speak, and talk about countdown, all systems go, and lift-off. We enjoy the mutual showing-
off which stems from a fluent use of terminology, and we enjoy the in-jokes which shared linguistic
experience permits. Moreover, we are jealous of this knowledge. We are quick to demean anyone
who tries to be part of our group without being prepared to take on its jargon.

4
If jargon is so essential a part of our lives, why then has it had such a bad press? The
most important reason stems from the way jargon can exclude as well as include. We may not be too
concerned if we find ourselves faced with an impenetrable wall of jargon when the subject matter has
little perceived relevance to our everyday lives, as in the case of hydrology, say, or linguistics. But
when the subject matter is one where we feel implicated, and think we have a right to know, and the
speaker uses words which make it hard for us to understand, then we start to complain; and if we
suspect that the obfuscation is deliberate policy, we unreservedly condemn, labeling it gobbledegook
and calling down public derision upon it.

5
No area is exempt, but the fields of advertising, politics and defence have been
especially criticized in recent years by the various campaigns for Plain English. In these domains, the
extent to which people are prepared to use jargon to hide realities is a ready source of amusement,
disbelief and horror. A lie is a lie, which can be only temporarily hidden by calling it an ‘inoperative
statement’ or ‘an instance of plausible deniability’. Nor can a nuclear plant explosion be suppressed
for long behind such phrases as ‘energetic disassembly’, ‘abnormal evolution’ or ‘plant transient’.

6
While condemning unnecessary or obscuring jargon in others, we should not forget to
look out for it in ourselves. It is so easy to ‘slip into’ jargon, without realizing that our own
listeners/readers do not understand. It is also temptingly easy to slip some jargon into our expression,
to ensure that others do not understand. And it is just as easy to begin using jargon which we
ourselves do not understand. The motivation to do such apparently perverse things is not difficult to
grasp. People like to be ‘in’, to be part of an intellectual or technical elite; and the use of jargon,
whether understood or not, is a badge of membership. Jargon, also, can provide a lazy way into a
group or an easy way of hiding uncertainties and inadequacies: when terminology slips plausibly
from the tongue, it is not essential for the brain to keep up. Indeed some people have developed this
skill to professional levels. And certainly, faced with a telling or awkward question, and the need to
say something acceptable in public, slipping into jargon becomes a simple way out, and can soon
become a bad habit.

Complete the summary using the list of words (A – I ) below. There’s one example.
A. judgement D. efficiency G. contempt
B. jokes E. know-how H. feeling
C. shop-talk F. humour I. pleasure

The Up Side of Jargon

Jargon plays a useful part in many aspects of life including leisure. For example, when people
take up pastimes they need to develop a good command of the relevant jargon. During discussion of
these of other areas of interest, conversation can become more exciting and an element of
(7)__________can be introduced by the use of shared jargon.
Jargon is particularly helpful in the workplace. It leads to more (8)__________ in the way
colleagues communicate during work hours. Taking part in (9)__________ during moments of
relaxation can also help them to bond better.
It is interesting that members of a group, whether social or professional, often demonstrate a
certain possessiveness towards the particular linguistic characteristics of their subject area and tend to
regard new people who do not wish to learn the jargon with (10) __________
Your answers: (0.1/ea)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 4: You are going to read a magazine article in which five people talk about their characters.
For questions 1-15, choose from the people (A-E). The people may be chosen more than once.
When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order.
Which person or people state(s) the following?
I used to avoid giving my opinions at work. 1.
Taking time off for your professional development can make you feel more self-assured. 2.
I never thought I’d be a confident person. 3.
I’m not influenced by people’s opinions of me. 4.
Everyone gets nervous at times. 5. 6.
Initially, I misunderstood what confidence was. 7.
I find making notes very supportive in my work. 8.
A certain event changed the course of my life. 9. 10.
I’ve worked on having a confident appearance. 11.
I am realistic about my abilities. 12. 13.
My behaviour helps others relax too. 14.
Getting things wrong can have a positive result. 15

Confident people
What’s their secret?
Confident people may look as though they were born that way, but most will tell you that it’s a
skill they’ve learned because they had to. Nina Hathway asks five people how they did it.
A. Jenny
When I left school I was very shy and I always thought I’d stay that way. I was about twenty-
five when I was asked to help out at tny daughter’s school. I was sure I wouldn’t cope, but I surprised
myself by doing well and someone there suggested that I should do a university course.
There was a huge knot in my stomach the day I turned up for my first lecture. But my
confidence gradually grew - I became more outgoing. Looking back, working at the school was the
turning point in my life that has helped everything else fall into place.
B. Michaela
It all started four years ago when my father became ill and I had to take over the family
business. I was so scared, I went over the top and became a bit too aggressive and impatient. I
thought that was what confident people were like, but gradually I learned otherwise. To be confident
you’ve got to believe in yourself.
If things get too demanding for me at work, I don’t let myself feel guilty if I save a number of
tasks until the next day. When I'm confronted with something difficult, I tell myself that I’ve got
nothing to lose. It’s fear that makes you lack confidence, so I'm always having quiet chats with
myself to put aside those fears!
C. Lisa
People think I'm very confident but, in fact, the calmer I look, the more terrified I really am.
I’ve had to develop the ability to look confident because it’s the most vital thing in TV. Interviewing
people has helped me realise that most - if not all - of us get tense in important situations, and we feel
calmer when we speak to someone who's genuinely friendly. The best ever piece of advice came from
my mother when I was agonising as a teenager about wearing the right clothes. She simply cried,
‘Who’s looking at you? Everybody’s too busy worrying about how they look.’ I've found that’s well
worth remembering.
I also think you gain confidence by tackling things that scare you. When I took my driving test I
was so nervous, but I passed. After that I felt sure that I’d never feel so frightened again, and I never
have.
D. Barbara
My confidence comes naturally from really enjoying the work I do, but it’s something that I’ve
built up over the years. If you just get on with it and learn from any mistakes you make, you’re more
confident the next time round. I work hard and I’m popular in the restaurant, but it’s probable that
one out often people doesn't like me. I don't let that affect me. You’ve got to like yourself for what
you are, not try to be what others expect.
My company runs a lot of training courses, and going on those has built up my self-esteem. The
company also encourages employees to set manageable targets. It helps no end if you can see you’re
achieving something tangible, rather than reaching for the stars all at once, and ending up with
nothing but air!
E. Kim
After I left college I worked for years as a secretary and would sit in meetings, not always
agreeing with what was being said, but too scared to speak up. Eventually, I summoned up the
confidence to start making my point. Even so, when I first worked in politics, I’d never spoken in
public before and always used to shake like a leaf. I would say to myself, ‘Don't be so silly. People do
this every day of their lives, so there’s no reason why you can’t.’ I also found it helpful to jot a few
things down to refer to - rather like having a comfort blanket!
I don’t think there is anyone who isn’t a little shaky when it comes to talking publicly. The real
secret of confidence lies in telling yourself over and over again, ‘Nothing is impossible.’
Your answers: (0.1/ea)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

SECTION 4: WRITING
Part 1 (1.0 pt). Read the following extract and summarize it in your own words. Your summary
should be between 100 and 120 words.
There are certain things that you have to be British or at least older than me, or possibly both, to
appreciate: really milky tea, allotments, the belief that household wiring is an interesting topic of
conversation, thinking that going to choose wallpaper with your mate constitutes a reasonably good
day out ... There may be one or two others that don't occur to me at the moment.
I'm not saying that these things are bad or boring or misguided, merely that their full value and
appeal yet eludes me. Into this category, I would also tentatively insert Oxford. I have the greatest
respect for the university and its eight hundred years of tireless intellectual toil, but I must confess
that I'm not entirely clear what it's for, now that Britain no longer needs colonial administrators who
can quip in Latin. I mean to say, you see all these dons and scholars striding past, absorbed in deep
discussions about post-Kantian aesthetics and you think: Most impressive, but perhaps a tad indulgent
in a country with three million unemployed and whose last great invention was cat's-eyes? Only the
night before there had been an item on News at Ten in which Trevor McDonald had joyfully
announced that the Samsung Corporation was building a new factory in Tyneside. Now call me an
unreconstructed philistine, but it seems to me - and I offer this observation in a spirit of friendship -
that when a nation's industrial prowess has plunged so low that it is reliant on Korean firms for its
future economic security, then perhaps it is time to re-address one's educational priorities and maybe
give a little thought to what's going to put some food on the table in about 2010.
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Part 2 (1.0 pt). The charts below present the estimates and projections of world population from
the US Census Bureau.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
comparisons where relevant.
World Population (1950-2050)
In billions

World Population Growth Rate (1950-2050)

Growth rate (percent)

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Part 3 (2.0 pt). Write an essay of about 250-300 words, answering the question below. Support
your argument with explanations and relevant examples.
Some people think that it is parents who are responsible for teaching children to be good members of
society. However, some people believe that it is the responsibility of schools and teachers. Whose
responsibility do you believe it it?
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….The end….