RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT ACCREDITATION AND PUBLICATION OFFICE

Philippine School Doha

Doha State of Qatar

The Making of an Item-locating-Ringing Sticker

Using a Radio Frequency Module

A Research Paper
Presented to the
Faculty Members of Philippine School Doha

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Subject
Research Paper Writing

Submitted by:

Mark Raphael D. Dela Cruz

Ralph Benedict J. Capili
Sofia Isabel A. Flores
Ember Eliyah M. Rueda
Riona Samantha V. Salandanan

March 2021
 RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT ACCREDITATION AND PUBLICATION OFFICE
Philippine School Doha
Doha State of Qatar

APPROVAL SHEET
_________________________________________

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject RESEARCH PAPER WRITING, this
research entitled, THE MAKING OF AN ITEM-LOCATING RINGING STICKER USING A
RADIO FREQUENCY MODULE, has been prepared and submitted by GROUP 1 of 10-
Einstein and is hereby endorsed for approval.

____________________________
DR. JULIE ANN B. REAL
Research Teacher

This is to certify that the research paper submitted by GROUP 1 OF 10-EINSTEIN has
been approved and accepted by the Research Panel on March 22, 2021.

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

_________________________ __________________________
Dr. Maria Anita P. Cervales Mr. Junrey R. Barde

_________________________ __________________________
Mr. Aries L. Paco Mr. Joel L. Tiemsin

Approved by the Research Development Accreditation and Publication Office on Oral

Examination with a rating of ( ) Passed ( ) Failed on ____________________.

____________________________
DR. LORINA S. VILLANUEVA
RDAPO Vice Principal

____________________________
DR. ALEXANDER S. ACOSTA
School Principal

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 RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT ACCREDITATION AND PUBLICATION OFFICE
Philippine School Doha
Doha State of Qatar

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers wish to express their gratitude and appreciation to all those who

supported and guided them throughout the study, especially to the following:

Dr. Alexander S. Acosta, the PSD Principal, for letting the researchers

experience crafting a research paper.

Dr. Lorina S. Villanueva, the RDAPO Vice Principal, and Dr. Caridad A. Cañete,

the Junior High School Vice Principal, for allowing the researchers to conduct their study

in the Grade 10 level.

Dr. Julie Ann B. Real, the researchers’ Research teacher, for teaching and

guiding the researchers throughout the study.

Dr. Maria Anita P. Cervales, Mr. Junrey R. Barde, Mr. Aries L. Paco, and Mr.

Joel L. Tiemsin, the panelists, for enabling the researchers to advance their paper further

through insightful critiques and feedback.

Mr. and Mrs. Dela Cruz, Mr. and Mrs. Capili, Mr. and Mrs. Flores, Mr. and Mrs.

Rueda, and Mr. and Mrs. Salandanan for supporting and motivating the researchers to

finish the paper.

And mainly, our Almighty God for giving the researchers the strength and

motivation throughout the study.

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 RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT ACCREDITATION AND PUBLICATION OFFICE
Philippine School Doha
Doha State of Qatar

DEDICATION

The researchers dedicated this study to the people who have supported and

guided them throughout the research process. These people include their parents,

families, teachers, and friends for whom the researchers genuinely appreciate their

feedback and support.

The researchers would like to express their sincere appreciation to their parents

and families for the unwavering support they have provided whether morally or financially.

For this research to be done, they would also like to thank their Grade 10 Research

teacher, for continuously guiding the researchers and sharing her knowledge with the

researchers. They would also like to express their appreciation to their fellow students

who have provided their useful and valuable insight. The researchers would also like to

thank all the individuals whose contribution has greatly helped the researchers to rectify

their mistakes and enhance their research.

The researchers would like to express their respect and recognition to everyone

involved in the study, as well as to the individuals who facilitated, assisted, helped, and

supported the researchers throughout the study.

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 RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT ACCREDITATION AND PUBLICATION OFFICE
Philippine School Doha
Doha State of Qatar

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE...................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL SHEET......................................................................................................... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................................................. iii
DEDICATION.................................................................................................................. iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................... v-vii
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………..……………….. viii-ix
CHAPTER

I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING.................................................................... 1

Introduction............................................................................................. 1-2
Background of the Study......................................................................... 2-3
Statement of the Problem ...................................................................... 3-4
Hypothesis................................................................................................. 4
Scope and Limitations............................................................................. 4-5
Significance of the Study ....................................................................... 6-7

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES ………………....…..........

Radio Frequency Identification Tag......................................................... 8-9

Car Remote…....................................................................................... 9-10
Tracking Device....................................................................................10-11
Tracker Sensor......................................................................................... 11
GPS Asset Tracker….......................................................................... 11-12
Conceptual Framework……………………………………………..…….12-13
Definition of Terms.............................................................................. 13-14

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 RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT ACCREDITATION AND PUBLICATION OFFICE
Philippine School Doha
Doha State of Qatar

III. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................... 15

Research Design...................................................................................... 15
Research Locale ..................................................................................... 16
Materials and Equipment ................................................................... 17-22
Procedure .......................................................................................... 22-29
Schematic Diagram............................................................................. 30-31

IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA……….. 31-38

V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................. 39

Summary ............................................................................................ 39-41

Conclusions ............................................................................................. 41
Recommendations ............................................................................. 41-42
REFERENCES......................................................................................................... 43-44
CURRICULUM VITAE...............................................................................................45-49
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Figure No. 1............................................................................................. 12
Figure No. 2............................................................................................. 16
Figure No. 3............................................................................................. 23
Figure No. 4............................................................................................. 23
Figure No. 5............................................................................................. 24
Figure No. 6............................................................................................. 24
Figure No. 7............................................................................................. 25
Figure No. 8............................................................................................. 25

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RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT ACCREDITATION AND PUBLICATION OFFICE
Philippine School Doha
Doha State of Qatar

Figure No. 9............................................................................................. 26

Figure No. 10........................................................................................... 26
Figure No. 11........................................................................................... 27
Figure No. 12........................................................................................... 27
Figure No. 13........................................................................................... 28
Figure No. 14........................................................................................... 28
Figure No. 15........................................................................................... 29
Figure No. 16........................................................................................... 29
Figure No. 17........................................................................................... 29
Figure No. 18........................................................................................... 30
Figure No. 19........................................................................................... 31
Figure No. 20……………………………………………………………….....32

Table No. 1 ..........................................................................................17-19

Table No. 2 ......................................................................................... 20-22
Table No. 3 .............................................................................................. 32
Table No. 4 ......................................................................................... 34-35
Table No. 5 ......................................................................................... 36-38

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 RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT ACCREDITATION AND PUBLICATION OFFICE
Philippine School Doha
Doha State of Qatar

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to make an Item-locating Ringing Sticker using a

Radio Frequency Module. This study contains the making of an Item-locating Ringing
Sticker that aims to assist the people who frequently misplace items and also aims to aid
them in spending less time when finding the lost objects. The searching device consists
of a receiver and transmitter modules or Radio Frequency Modules, which are used for
serial communication. The process includes assembling, connecting the 3.7v battery and
push-button to the RF Wireless Tx Module for the transmitter, and connecting the 3.7v
battery and buzzer to the Rx Module 433 MHz for the receiver. When a user is utilizing
the device, the transmitter would emit serial codes to the receiver wirelessly with the help
of an antenna, thus allowing the activation of the transmitter and the sound emission of
the receiver to be in sync. Following the creation of the device, its functionality would be
tested in terms of audibility, range of connection, and transmission delay. volume, range
of connection, and the transmission delay time. The receiver of the Item-locating Ringing
Sticker can produce an average sound volume of 93.67 decibels, allowing the user to
hear the sound’s direction, which would be guiding them in finding the misplaced object.
The range of connection between the transmitter and receiver devices is between 0
meters and 8 meters. This shows that the minimum distance of connection is 0 meters,
and the devices only have a maximum radius of 8 meters for the retention of connection.
The Item-locating Ringing Sticker has an average scale of 0.015 seconds in transmission
delay per meter, which means that the delay time scales with distance.

viii
1

CHAPTER 1
The Problem and Its Setting

Introduction

An Item-locating Ringing Sticker is a device that indicates an item that the owner

has misplaced by sending out a sound through another electronic device such as mobile

phones or keychains. The device helps the owner locate an item that they have misplaced

by emitting a familiar sound, which he or she could detect from a specific point in the

room. To utilize the device, it needs a medium to be able to transmit a reminder to the

user, such as ringing stickers. Ringing stickers are devices that contain an alarm system

that makes the notification. These stickers are convenient to use due to their

straightforward features.

Receiver and transmitter modules are the main materials that were used to

conduct this study. These modules work together by receiving serial data and transmitting

them wirelessly through an antenna. These materials are cost-efficient and are easy to

integrate as well. RF modules are most often used in consumer products such as

remotes, alarms, and sensor applications which is why the researchers chose this as their

main component in producing an item-location ringing sticker. Moreover, its wireless

system is more convenient to use and it does not require a line of sight.

The researchers utilized wireless radio frequency modules due to their

effectiveness and convenience. The first product would be the Item-locating Ringing

Sticker remote which transmits the data. The gadget processed by the transmitter module

is used to notify or locate a missing item. The second product is a Ringing

 2

Sticker. The invention would be stuck to a certain belonging that a person would most

likely misplace like wallets, cellphones, and house keys.

Background of the Study

Misplacing personal belongings is experienced by everyone almost every day. As

stated by Reddy (2014), a maximum of nine items is being misplaced by an average

person every day. One-third of the respondents in a poll stated that 15 minutes of their

time each day is being consumed just by looking for their things like cell phones, keys,

and mostly— documents. Forgetting where an item has been put, especially when it is

needed urgently, can cause inconvenience, loss of time, and loss of money for many

people. Losing or misplacing objects, although troublesome, happens very frequently,

and it springs from a common ailment known as forgetfulness. Forgetfulness is a common

problem for all people who experience it. According to Small (2002), approximately 40%

of people having aged 65 or older have age-associated memory impairment. It is common

for people to forget about even the smallest things like car keys, wallets, glasses, and

even mobile phones.

According to a news article provided by Pixie Technology Inc. (2017), people from

America spend 2.5 days a year searching for missing things and the majority of these

items are television remotes, which dominated the list of items that are frequently lost by

45%, followed by phones scoring 33%, car and house keys for 28%, glasses by 27%,

shoes by 24%, and lastly, wallets by 20%. Another detail shown in the study is that 5

minutes and 20 seconds is the average time a person spends to look for the lost item,

which leads to major consequences such as tardiness at school or work, which is the
 3

second most common consequence resulting in 60%, failure to ride modes of

transportation such as busses, trains, and airplanes gathering 22%, missing

appointments or meetings for 45%, 35% have been reported to have conflicts with their

significant other, and the most common consequence garnering 67% is spending money

to replace the item. The same corporation also revealed from the same survey that

Americans also approximately expend a total of 2.7 billion dollars per year for the

replacement of such items.

As a solution, this research made an Item-locating Ringing Sticker that could be of

great help in eliminating the misplacing of personal items. This would not only aim to help

the elderly but also people of all generations. Carelessness and forgetfulness are some

issues that everyone experiences, this study can be a huge help, for it minimizes the

chances of troublesome encounters. This could also solve the daily problems of

individuals by reminding the person about their belongings they need to bring for a specific

occasion. In addition, this study could also give convenience to everyone.

Statement of the Problem

The objective of this study is to make an Item-locating Ringing Sticker out of a

Radio Frequency Module. Specifically, this research aims to answer the following

questions:

1. How loud is the audio volume of the Item-locating Ringing Sticker in terms of

decibels?
 4

2. How far by meter is the maximum range of connection between the Item-locating

Ringing Sticker and its remote control?

3. What is the transmission delay between the transmitter and receiver?

Hypothesis

H1: It is possible to make an Item-locating Ringing Sticker out of a radio frequency

module.

Scope and Limitations

This study looked into the effectiveness of the Item-locating Ringing Sticker. The

Item-locating Ringing Sticker and its remote mainly used the Radio Frequency Module.

Some interior parts have specific functions and sizes that are needed for the product

therefore, having them ordered online while some materials were readily obtainable at

the researchers’ respective homes. The Buzzer 6-12v c/w Wire, copper wire, plastic

cover, and copper antenna were the materials that were readily available at the

researchers’ respective homes. The other materials such as the 3.7v Lithium Battery, mini

pushbutton switch, RF Wireless Tx Module, and RX Module 433 MHz were bought online

in Qatar. These materials were bought online for their specific functions and sizes needed

in making the Item-Reminding Ringing Sticker.

 5

The effectiveness of the product was tested in terms of its audio volume, range of

connection, and transmission delay. The audibility of the volume of the ringing sticker was

measured using a sound level meter in the decibel unit of measurement by placing the

Item-Locating Ringing Sticker beside the mobile phone with the sound level meter

application. The audibility was measured through an application called “Decibel X”. The

distance and location aspect between the receiver and transmitter will not be touched in

terms of measuring the audibility. The range of connection is the distance from the Item-

locating Ringing Sticker to its remote control, and it does not utilize wireless fidelity or

Bluetooth connection. The maximum radius of the researchers’ house is 8 meters.

Therefore, the Item-locating Ringing Sticker was tested if the range of connection was not

disrupted at 8 meters. The transmission delay describes the time between activating the

device and the time wherein the device rings.

This study made use of RF Modules and breadboards were powered by 3.7v

Lithium Batteries. No other types of batteries were used in the making of the Item-locating

Ringing Sticker. Since the product is powered by a battery, the power would be drained

and needs to be charged after use. The battery lifespan would depend on the usage of

the product. The breadboard already has a built-in adhesive attached to it and therefore,

no other types of adhesives were used in this study.

 6

Significance of the Study

The results, recommendations, and implications of this study may help different

sectors along with significant contributions to the following groups of people:

A. Philippine School Doha Students

This study could be beneficial to the Philippine School Doha students. Not only

phones could be misplaced but also assigned materials for projects and other schoolwork,

and these situations lead to stress and the timely finding of alternatives.

B. Elderly

This study could be beneficial to elderly people. As humans age, physical changes

in the brain can make it more difficult to remember efficiently. The forgetfulness and

carelessness of the elderly usually result in leaving behind certain personal belongings.

The ringing of the sticker sends signals to the owner on where to find the item whenever

it cannot be found. The item-locating ringing sticker could be a benefit to the lives of the

elderly for it will not only help them search for their lost things, but it could also remind

them to be more aware and careful of their personal belongings.

C. Employed Individuals

This study could be beneficial to employed individuals. Employed individuals can

be busy with a lot of work, which may result in neglecting responsibilities since it can be

hard to remember certain things when there are loads of tasks to complete. This study

can contribute to the prevention of being careless of their belongings, making them more

mindful and aware of the things they use or bring in their daily lives. Employed individuals
 7

can have the assurance of not losing their belongings as they work every day. This study

helps lessen the chances of them worrying about not being able to remember where they

placed their belongings.

D. Future Researchers

This study could be beneficial to future researchers who would also be

investigating the topic of item tracker or locating devices. This study could point future

researchers to helpful sites and studies related to it. Future researchers could use this

study and develop its concepts, and they could be able to create a product with more

efficiency and provide a wider range of connections so the user could locate items that

they have lost in a further destination. This study could also serve as these researchers’

stepping stone in creating better innovations that could guide people and help them find

their misplaced belongings.

 CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the literature and studies reviewed by the researchers that

have a significant bearing on the present study. It is composed of discussions of facts

and principles to which the present study is related. The materials used are printed and

found in books, professional journals, and other publications not to mention the very

important contributions of the information found on the Internet, more importantly, this

chapter provides the reader with experts’ ideas, information, and reports about the topic

specifically of what is already known in the area of interest and what is still needed to be

done for this research undertaking.

Radio Frequency Identification Tag

The Item-locating device is remote controlled, therefore requiring a wireless

system to track the other device. Krstulich (2009) mentioned that a method for detecting

the presence of items labeled with Radio Frequency Identification tag, which is a type of

tracking system that uses smart barcodes to identify items, is provided by one aspect of

the invention. A current item list is stored. In response to a user request, attempts are

made to identify the Radio Frequency Identification tags for each object in the current list.

The client is told that the object is missing for objects whose Radio Frequency

Identification tag is not within the scope of detection. A list of items is stored in one form,

the list has at least one record, each record corresponding to an object and storing the

item's name and the Radio Frequency Identification of the item’s tag. Travel lists are

created from the item list, consisting of Radio Frequency Identification tags. One of the
travel lists is the current list. The user can classify the travel list to be designated as the

current list. Instead, it is possible to designate the current list based on the current venue,

each travel list being associated with a geographic region. Another option is to classify

the current list based on the existence of trigger items within the scope of detection, each

travel list being associated with at least one trigger item. According to the Federal

Communications Commission (2020), interference happens when the use of your

television, radio, or cordless telephone is interrupted by unwanted radio frequency

signals. Interference may prevent temporary signal loss or may affect the quality of the

sound produced by the system.

Car Remote

A keyless remote system consists of a remote wherein when activated within a

limited range, can lock, unlock and perform different functions within a car. Such a remote

consists of a short-range radio transmitter that directs radio waves to a receiver unit inside

the vehicle, which triggers the aforementioned functions. The system works with the help

of radio waves, which are a type of electromagnetic radiation. Ashish (2019) described

that a car remote works on the same principle as a regular TV remote. A car remote helps

you to lock or unlock your car, pop opens its trunk, start its ignition, and many more. When

the remote is within a specific range which is typically 5-20 meters of your car and you

press one of its buttons, a coded signal, embedded in radio waves, is sent to a receiver

unit installed inside your car. The receiver unit then decodes and translates that signal,

which consequently locks or unlocks the doors of the car. With the help of a remote

keyless system, you can get rid of the usual keys that usually take time to unlock or start
up the car. The system signals that it has either locked or unlocked the car usually by

some discreet combination of flashing vehicle lights, or the horn itself. A typical setup on

cars is to have the horn or other sound chirp twice to signify that the car has been

unlocked, and chirp once to indicate the car has been locked. Miyara (2018) stated that

the sound pressure of audible sounds such as horns ranges from 0 decibels to 120

decibels, sounds above this range may cause hearing impairment. Most keyless systems

use a technique called rolling code to avoid replay attacks, in which the open command

is intercepted to be used by a thief at a later time. In the rolling code, a pseudorandom

number generator is used to generate a different unlock sequence to be sent each time

the car is unlocked.

Tracking Device

A tracking device can be used to supply a timely sequence of location data for

further processing. Franks and Daoura (2017) argued that the tracking devices for lost

objects that are being utilized in the present time, despite being convenient in locating

lost items, have their inconveniences such as batteries that easily drain, sensors that

require too much maintenance to charge, and lack visual and audible alerts, and devices

that put disadvantages on the user due to its thickness and size. To provide a solution for

this, the researchers invented a tracking device equipped with a sensor that alerts the

user of the household item that they have misplaced, such as a television remote. It was

designed with reduced thickness, utilizing a smaller and thinner battery compared to

larger sensors in market tracking devices. The device will be attached to the object, and

through an application installed in the user’s mobile phone, the device will connect to the
application and will show the location of the object through a map. The device also emits

an auditory and visual response when the device has been successfully connected. The

device provided is an efficient way for the user to find their misplaced belongings as well

as convenience and portability with its reduced size.

Tracker Sensor

The remote and the receiver could experience disconnection the moment the

device is too far from the other due to specific radii. According to the study of Teller, King,

Mannby, and Smith (2014), once an item is not within the monitored radius there would

be a warning coming from a presence signal or the tracker sensor due to failure of item

detection. The created device of the researchers had also shown the registered items

within reach, which each had a confirming presence signal. The device also has a

collection of data with signals or connectors attached. The collection of data includes the

presence of the items and the proximity or distance to each connected object. The

distance of the items to the tracker device is only shown if it is measurable or calculable.

GPS Asset Tracker

A GPS tracking unit is a navigation device normally carried by a device that

determines its geographic position using the Global Positioning System. As stated in the

article of Silva Consultants (2019), the created GPS Asset Tracker has two main

technologies. The first mechanic is cellular technology which is utilized to transmit

information or notify the monitoring device. The other mechanic is the GPS which is

operated to show the precise location of the registered objects. The device created by the
company includes the notification to the police, which means that the device was applied

to ownership of big establishments like banks, museums, and the like. Also, the device

involves the use of batteries, which have to be replaced on a periodic basis.

Conceptual Framework

Input Process Output

Assembling all
Full Solderless parts
Breadboard Connecting the
Half Solderless 3.7v battery and
Breadboard pushbutton to the
Buzzer 6-12V RF Wireless Tx
3.7v Lithium Battery Module
Mini Pushbutton (Transmitter) Item-locating
Switch Connecting the 3.7 Ringing Sticker
Copper Wire battery and buzzer
Copper Antenna to the Rx Module
RF WIreless Tx 433 MHz
Module (Receiver)
RX Module 433 Creating of the
MHz sticker for the
Plastic Cover device

Figure 1. IPO Framework

Figure 1 shows the Conceptual Framework of this study. The Input-Process-

Output (IPO) system approach is used. As shown on the diagram, the first frame is called

the inputs. The inputs on this research include the materials used which are the Full

Solderless Breadboard, Half Solderless Breadboard, Buzzer 6-12V, 3.7v Lithium Battery,

Mini Pushbutton Switch, Copper Wire, Copper Antenna, RF Wireless Tx Module, and RX

Module 433 MHz. The Process box shows the research procedure such as assembling,

connecting the 3.7v battery and push button to the RF Wireless Tx Module for the
transmitter, and connecting the 3.7v battery and buzzer to the Rx Module 433 MHz for

the receiver. The result will be the Item-locating Ringing Sticker, as shown in the output

box.

Definition of Terms

The following are defined terms used by the researchers in order for the readers

to have a better understanding of the title and the statement of the problem presented:

Audio Volume refers to the loudness that the device would produce.

Decibels refers to the unit of measurement for the audio volume of the device.

Item-locating Ringing Sticker refers to a small piece of adhesive that is

programmed to make sounds as a way of notification which is activated by a button.

Meter refers to the measurement of the range of connection between the Item-

locating Ringing Sticker and its remote control.

Radio Frequency Module refers to the main material that will be used for the

Item-locating Ringing Sticker.

Range of connection refers to the farthest radius distance in which the device

and its remote can stay connected.

Transmission Delay refers to the time interval between the activated transmitter

and the receiver.

Receiver Module refers to the small electronic device that will be used to receive

serial data which then rings the buzzer

Transmitter Module refers to the device that provides and transmits data through

radio waves.
 CHAPTER 3

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the research design, materials, equipment, and procedure

that will be employed on this study.

Research Design

This study utilized the experimental design of research, meaning it is more on

physical experimentation rather than written descriptions. Tanner (2018) stated that

experimental research is the type of research that aims to determine “cause and effect”

relationships of defined variables under controlled conditions, create products with certain

materials, create comparisons between two specific products, test feasibility and/or

effectiveness of products, and more. The relationship between the independent and

dependent variable was tested through the hypothesis. In this study, Radio Frequency

Module is the independent variable and the Item-locating Ringing Sticker is the dependent

variable. Quantitative method was used in order to organize the experiment properly and

to ensure that the right type of data is available to answer the research questions as

clearly and efficiently as possible. It is necessary to use this method because it provides

a high level of control over the variables that demonstrates an outcome and has an

advantage in finding accurate results.

 16

Research Locale

The research study was conducted in the researcher’s respective home. Due to

unforeseen circumstances such as the Coronavirus (COVID-19), the conduction of the

study was done in the researchers’ residences for the safety and health of the

researchers, specifically, in Barwa City, Mesaimeer (Zone 56), Qatar.

Figure 2. The Location Map of The Researchers’ Residences, Doha, Qatar

(Apple Maps)
 17

Materials and Equipment

Table 1

Materials

Material Quantity Unit Price Image

Full Solderless Breadboard 1 piece 20QR

Half Solderless Breadboard 1 piece 15QR

Buzzer 6-12V c/w wire 1 piece N/A

 18

3.7v Lithium Battery 1 piece 11QR

Mini Pushbutton Switch 1 piece 1 QR

Copper Antenna 2 17cm N/A

RF Wireless Tx Module 1 piece 7QR

 19

Rx Module 433 Mhz 1 piece 7QR

Plastic Cover 1 piece N/A

Total 61 QR
 20

Table 2

Equipment

Equipment Purpose Image

to supply heat to melt solder,

this enables the flow of the
Soldering Iron solder between the
workpieces that need to be
connected

to determine noise or sound

levels by measuring sound
Sound level meter pressure of the Item-locating
Ringing Sticker

Multitester to measure voltage, current,

and resistance
 21

Long Nose Pliers to hold and bend the wires

while using the soldering iron

Soldering Lead a fusible metal alloy to be

melted to the workpiece that
needs to be connected

Side Cutting Pliers to cut the electric wires.

 22

Pull Push rule to measure the range of

connection

to measure the
transmission delay of the
Timer item-locating ringing sticker
device when the
transmitter is triggered

to connect the pins of the

materials to the breadboard
Jumper Wires

Research Procedure

Below are the steps in making an Item-locating Ringing Sticker Device:

Safety Precautions

1. Prepare the safety equipment to be used which are the anti-static board,

anti-static gloves, and mask.

 23

2. Always follow the right procedures.

3. Never take shortcuts in making the device.

4. Clean and organize your workspace all the time.

5. Ask for guidance from people who are professionals in this field of work.

Connecting the 3.7v battery and push button to the RF Wireless Tx Module

(Transmitter)

1. Connect the antenna to the antenna port of the Rf Wireless Tx Module.

Figure 3

2. Connect the Rf Wireless Tx Module to the breadboard.

 24

Figure 4

3. Connect the A and B pin of the push button to the VCC and DATA pin of

the Rf Wireless Tx Module.

Figure 5

4. Connect the C or D pin of the push button to the GND pin of the RF

Wireless Tx Module.
 25

Figure 6

5. Connect the positive wire of the 3.7v battery to the VCC pin of the Rf

Wireless Tx Module.

Figure 7

6. Connect the negative wire of the 3.7v battery to the GND pin of the Rf

Wireless Tx Module.
 26

Figure 8

7. Make the cover for the Rf Wireless Tx Module

Figure 9

Connecting the 3.7v battery and buzzer to the Rx Module 433 MHz (Receiver)

1. Connect the antenna to the antenna port of the Rx Module 433 MHz.
 27

Figure 10

2. Connect the Rx Module 433 MHz to the breadboard.

Figure 11

3. Connect the positive wire of the buzzer to both the DATA and VCC pin of

the Rx Module 433 MHz.

 28

Figure 12

4. Connect the negative wire of the buzzer to the GND pin of the Rx Module

433 MHz.

Figure 13

5. Connect the positive wire of the 3.7v battery to the VCC pin of the Rx

Module 433 MHz.

 29

Figure 14

6. Connect the negative wire of the 3.7v battery to the GND pin of the Rx

Module 433 MHz.

Figure 15

Creating of the sticker for the device

1. Make a cover of the receiver using plastic cover

 30

Figure 16

2. Use the double-sided tape of the breadboard as adhesive

Figure 17

3. Place the cover on the receiver.

Figure 18
 31

Schematic Diagram

Receiver

Figure 19: Schematic Diagram Receiver

 32

Transmitter

Figure 20: Schematic Diagram Transmitter

 33

Figure 21: Final Output

 CHAPTER 4

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

This chapter brings about the results and interpretation of data that were

collected from the assembling and testing of the product.

1. The loudness of the audio volume of the Item-locating Ringing Sticker in terms of

decibels

Table 3

The Audio Volume of the Item-locating Ringing Sticker

Trials Audio Volume (dB) Images

First Trial of Measurement 93.7dB

Second Trial of Measurement 92.9dB

Third Trial of Measurement 94.4dB

Average Audio Volume 93.67dB

 32

The audio volume of the Item-locating Ringing Sticker was tested through placing

the sound level meter directly beside the Item-Locating Ringing Sticker in order to test its

original audio volume regardless of distance and location.

Table 3 shows the different trials to check the loudness of the product through the

unit decibels. In the first trial of measurement, the audio volume was 93.7 decibels, while

in the second trial of measuring the audio volume of the product, it was 92.9 decibels. In

the third trial of measurement, the audio volume was 94.4 decibels. More than one trial

was done to see if there are significant changes in the audio volume of the Item-locating

ringing sticker and to be able to determine its average audio volume regardless of

distance and location.

There was minimal increase in the amount of decibels every trial, having less than

1 decibel gap. Delving deeper into the result, it can be stated that this minimal change in

audio volume is normal to happen. This is similar to the study of the Federal

Communications Commission (2020) which explained that the change in amount of

decibels occurs because of the interference that happens when unwanted radio

frequency signals disrupt the use of a device. Furthermore, the result establishes the fact

that the item-locating ringing sticker is audible and safe to human ears, having an average

audio volume of 93.67 decibels. This is because as stated by Miyara (2018), the human

ear can perceive sounds ranging from 0dB to 120dB, sounds within this range are safe

for the human ear whereas sounds exceeding this range can cause hearing impairment.
 33

2. The maximum range of connection between the Item-locating Ringing Sticker

and its remote control

Table 4

The Range of Connection of the Item-locating Ringing Sticker

Trials Distance (m) Pictures

First Trial of Measurement 0m

Second Trial of Measurement 1m

Third Trial of Measurement 2m

Fourth Trial of Measurement 3m

Fifth Trial of Measurement 4m

 34

Sixth Trial of Measurement 5m

Seventh Trial of Measurement 6m

Eighth Trial of Measurement 7m

Last Trial of Measurement 8m

The range of connection between the Item-locating Ringing Sticker (receiver) and

its remote control (transmitter) was tested by placing the receiver directly beside the

transmitter then gradually adding an additional 1 meter until it reaches 8 meters. The

results show that the minimum distance of the range of connection is 0 meters. It is

evident that the maximum range of connection is 8 meters. This is the ideal radius in

which the Item-locating Ringing Sticker can still be activated because it can ensure the

audibility and connection within different rooms in a household. According to Baker

(2019), the minimum target for airborne noise of blocking in buildings is 45dB. Moreover,

with the maximum 8 meters of connectivity, it is ensured that the sound produced by the

Item-locating Ringing Sticker would reach the different rooms in a household.

 35

3. The time of transmission delay by unit seconds for the Item-locating Ringing

Sticker to react after being activated

Table 5

The Transmission Delay of the Item-locating Ringing Sticker

Transmission
Trials Distance (m) Pictures
Delay (s)

First Trial of
0m 0.09s
Measurement

Second Trial of
1m 0.10s
Measurement

Third Trial of
2m 0.11s
Measurement

Fourth Trial of
3m 0.12s
Measurement

Fifth Trial of
4m 0.14s
Measurement
 36

Sixth Trial of
5m 0.15s
Measurement

Seventh Trial of
6m 0.16s
Measurement

Eighth Trial of
7m 0.19s
Measurement

Ninth Trial of
8m 0.21s
Measurement

Average
Transmission
0.015s
Delay per Meter

The data of the transmission delay of the Item-locating Ringing sticker were

gathered by placing both the receiver and transmitter at certain distances from each other.

Once placed in the fixed distances, which ranged from 0 meters to 8 meters, the timer

was started as the button was pressed. As soon as the receiver rings, the timer was

stopped and the results were recorded.

 37

Table 5 contains the data recorded when testing for the time of transmission delay

between the transmitter and the receiver. In the first trial of measurement, there was a

set 0-meter distance between the two devices, and the time between the response of the

transmitter and receiver is 0.09 seconds. For the second trial of measurement, there has

been an increase of 1 meter in the distance, making the current distance between the

devices 1 meter. The recorded time of transmission delay for 1 meter is 0.10 seconds.

For the third trial of measurement, the distance was set to 2 meters and has recorded a

transmission delay time of 0.11 seconds. For the fourth trial of measurement, 3 meters is

the set distance, and it recorded a transmission delay time of 0.12 seconds. In the fifth

trial of measurement, the distance was set to 4 meters and it recorded a transmission

delay time of 0.14 seconds. For the sixth trial of measurement, the distance was 5 meters

and the transmission delay time is 0.15 seconds. In the seventh trial of measurement, the

set distance was 6 meters and its transmission delay time is 0.16 seconds. For the eighth

trial of measurement, the distance was set to 7 meters and the transmission delay time

is 0.19 seconds. For the ninth and final trial of measurement, the distance was 8 meters

and the transmission delay time was 0.21 seconds.

This transmission delay of the device is required to be known because according

to researchers Kaufmann et al. (2012), the knowledge of time delays undergone by

signals are critically needed for the accuracy of ranging measurements. Moreover,

between the 1st and 2nd, 2nd and 3rd, 3rd and 4th, 4th and 5th, 5th, and 6th, 6th and

7th, 7th and 8th, and 8th and 9th trials, the differences in transmission delay time are

meters are 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.02, 0.01, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.02 seconds respectively. When
 38

finding the average transmission delay, the given differences and their sum would be

divided into eight, hence the average transmission delay would be 0.015 seconds,

meaning that the scale between the distance and transmission delay time would be 1

meter to 0.015 seconds.

Hypothesis

The alternative hypothesis: It is possible to make an Item-locating Ringing Sticker

out of a radio frequency module is accepted. Based on the result of the study, it is possible

to make an Item-locating Ringing Sticker using a radio frequency module. The Item-

locating Ringing Sticker proved its effectiveness in terms of audio volume as it produces

an audible and safe sound for the human ears, range of connection as the transmission

is still feasible up to 8 meters, and transmission delay as the average time of transmission

is 0.015 seconds.
 CHAPTER 5

Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations

The summary, conclusions, and recommendations that were all based on the

collected and interpreted data are discussed in this chapter. The results were based

according to the questions presented in the previous part of this paper. This chapter

describes the results of the Item-locating Ringing Sticker using a Radio Frequency

Module.

Summary

Item-locating Ringing Stickers are devices used to locate misplaced items within a

certain range of connections. These devices can help students, the elderly, and employed

individuals. The Item-locating Ringing Sticker is beneficial especially to those who

struggle with forgetfulness and to those who have the habit of misplacing their belongings.

The Radio Frequency Module was the main material used to make this output wherein

the system works through the help of electromagnetic radiation, specifically radio waves.

This experimental research intended to create a product that was the Item-locating

Ringing Sticker out of a Radio Frequency Module. This study specifically aimed to

determine the audibility of the Item-locating Ringing Sticker in terms of decibels, the

maximum range of connection by meter between the Item-locating Ringing Sticker and

its remote control, and the transmission delay between the transmitter and receiver. There

are only two major steps in the making of the Item-locating Ringing Sticker. The first step

was to connect the 3.7v battery and

 41

push-button to the RF Wireless Tx Module (Transmitter). And the last step was to connect

the 3.7v battery and buzzer to the Rx Module 433 MHz (Receiver).

Summary of Findings

The following is the summary of results for each Statement of the Problem of

this study. These are the prominent findings of the Item-Locating Ringing Sticker:

1. The Audio Volume of the Item-locating Ringing Sticker

The audio volume of the Item-locating Ringing Sticker was tested by

the researchers by positioning the sound level meter directly next to the

Item-Locating Ringing Sticker to measure its original audio volume

regardless of distance and location. With this, the average audio volume of

the item-locating ringing sticker was 93.67 decibels.

2. The Range of Connection of the Item-locating Ringing Sticker

The range of connection of the Item-locating Ringing Sticker was

tested by activating the Item-locating Ringing Sticker at an increasing

distance. The Item-locating Ringing Sticker can be activated with a

minimum of 0 meters of distance from its remote up until the maximum

distance of 8 meters.

3. The Transmission Delay of the Item-locating Ringing Sticker

The transmission delay time of the Item-locating Ringing sticker

was tested by measuring the time of delay between the activation of the

transmitter and the sound emission of the receiver. The Item-locating

 42

Ringing Sticker’s transmission delay increases in an average of 0.015

seconds for every meter increased in distance.

Conclusions

The findings based on the statistical analysis of data lead to the following

conclusions:

1. The Item-locating Sticker was able to successfully produce an audible

sound that is safe to the human ears with an average of 93.67 decibels.

2. The Item-locating Sticker proved its effectiveness of having an 8-meter

maximum range of connection with the use of radio frequency.

3. The Item-locating Sticker’s transmission delay varies with the distance

between the transmitter and receiver, therefore having an additional

average transmission delay time of 0.015 seconds per meter increased in

distance.

Recommendations

Based on the experimental findings of the study, the following are recommended:

1. Philippine School Doha Students to try changing some of the variables to

produce a more effective Item-locating Ringing Sticker in terms of audibility. The

researchers recommend experimenting on various ringtones with higher or lower

pitches on whether there would be a significant difference in the audibility. The

Item-locating Ringing Sticker is a wireless reminder product that uses materials

found mostly in alarm systems.

 43

2. Elderly to make use of products such as the Item-locating Ringing Sticker as they

can save time, money, and energy. The researchers recommend the elderly to use

devices that are functional in long-range distances, this includes the devices’

transmission delay and connectivity.

3. Employed Individuals to utilize Item-locating Ringing Stickers regardless of walls,

house fixtures, and physical barriers. The researchers would recommend testing

the range of connection of the product with the different elevations of house floors.

The researchers would also recommend the employed individuals to use the Item-

locating Ringing Stickers as much as they need to for them to find their misplaced

belongings.

4. Future Researchers to look for smaller sizes of electronic parts such as the

buzzer and circuit boards. This research may be used as a guide for other

researchers if their topic is parallel with the topic in this study. Future researchers

must also have the skills and knowledge in electricity, assembling electronic

components, and designing systems to create an accurate product. In regards

with the transmission delay of the product, the researchers would recommend

tweaking the transmission speed between the transmitters and receivers. The

researchers also suggest increasing the distance of transmitting and receiving the

RF modules. This is to make the item-locating ringing device more effective in long

distances.
 44

REFERENCES

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Retrieved from https://www.scienceabc.com/innovation/how-does-car- starter-

remote-keyless-entry-start-work.html

Baker, I. (2019, April 9). How To Soundproof Walls, Floors, or Ceilings. Retrieved from

https://www.soundproofingstore.co.uk/how-soundproofing-works

Federal Communications Commission. (2020, January 28). Transmitter

Interference with Radio, TV and Cordless Telephone Signals. Retrieved from

https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/interference-radio-tv-and-telephone-

signals#:~:text=Interference%20occurs%20when%20unwanted%20radio,picture

%20produced%20by%20your%20equipment.

Franks, N. P., & Daoura, D. (2017). Reduced thickness tracking device. Renton, WA: PB

Inc. Retrieved from https://patents.google.com/patent/US9564774B2/en

Kamenetz, A. (2019, October 29). Report: More than half of U.S.

children now own a smartphone by age 11. Retrieved from

https://www.npr.org/2019/10/29/774306250/report-more-than-half-of-u-s-children-

now-own-a-smartphone-by-age-11

Kaufmann, P., Kaufmann, P., Pamboukian, S. D., & Vilhena de Moraes, R. (2012,

October 17). Signal transceiver transit times and propagation delay corrections

for ranging and Georeferencing applications. Publishing Open Access

research journals & papers | Hindawi. Retrieved from

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2012/595823/
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Krstulich, Z. (2008, April 2). EP1672603B1 - Personal item reminder - Google

Patents. Retrieved from

https://patents.google.com/patent/EP1672603B1/en?q=item&q=

security-purposes.html

Miyara, F. (2018). Sound Levels and Sound Pressure Level. Retrieved from

https://www.fceia.unr.edu.ar/acustica/comite/soundlev.htm

Pixie Technology Inc. (2017, May 2). Lost and Found: The Average

American Spends 2.5 Days Each Year Looking For Lost Items Collectively

Costing U.S. Households $2.7 Billion Annually in Replacement Costs.

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releases/lost-and-found-the-average-american-spends-25-days-each-year-

looking-for-lost-items-collectively-costing-us-households-27-billion-annually-in-

replacement-costs-300449305.html

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https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-we-misplace-our-keys-phones-wallets-

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Small, G. W. (2002, June 22). What we need to know about age-related memory

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Teller, E., King, M. T., Mannby C. F., & Smith, M. J. (2014, August 9). Device and

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detected. Retrieved from https://patents.google.com/patent/US8810392B1/en

 47

Curriculum Vitae

Mark Raphael D. Dela Cruz was born on the tenth of October 2004 in Manila,

Philippines. He has been a part of the pilot section since 7th Grade. He joined the art

club in his first year of Junior High School wherein he sold his painting in Pinta 2018 with

the title of “Sent from Above”. He was a bronze awardee for 2 consecutive years. He was

the best in drafting in the 2nd Quarter of Grade 9. He joined the table tennis club for 2

years and Chorale for 1 year. He believes in the saying that "You miss 100% of the shots

you don't take." - Wayne Gretzky.

 48

Ralph Benedict J. Capili was born on the fourteenth of June 2005 in Paranaque

City in the Philippines. He has been part of the pilot section for 9 years since his primary

days. As an elementary student, he was always part of the top 10 and had outstanding

CEM Achievement Test Scores. He has also been part of the top 15 in his 9th grade

wherein he reached the top 8 in the first quarter. He was part of the Link as a

Photojournalist and was a COCC applicant. Some clubs he also joined include the

Robotics Club, Science Club, and Table Tennis. He, along with his former co-researchers,

won the best tri fold display, S.Y. 2016-2017. He has been part of the group placed as

Champions, in Science Banner S.Y. 2019-2020. He was a silver awardee for 2

consecutive years. Moreover, he achieved 1st runner-up in both Math Race on S.Y. 2018-

2019 and Science Race on S.Y. 2019-2020. He believes in the quote “What is essential

is invisible in the eye” by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry.

 49

Sofia Isabel A. Flores was born on the first of August 2005 in Cavite City in the

Philippines. She has been a part of the pilot section for 8 consecutive years. She is a part

of The Link as a layout artist and C.O.C.C. as an applicant. She has also been a

consistent member of the scouting world, 8 years as a Girl Scout of the Philippines and 2

years as a Qatar Scout. She, along with her fellow researchers, won as champion in the

Science Investigatory Project, S.Y. 2014-2015, best tri-fold display, S.Y. 2016-2017, and

1st runner-up in Research Congress S.Y. 2018-2019. Along with her academic

achievements, she also participated in extracurricular activities having won some of them.

These include winning the championship title in the Science Fair music video making S.Y.

2019-2020, Science Ecofashion S.Y. 2018-2019, Intramurals Table Tennis S.Y. 2018-

2019, and Intramurals Volleyball S.Y. 2017-2018. She also manifests her fondness for

music by playing the piano, ukulele, and guitar during her spare time. She is inclined with

the quote “The way to get started is to quit talking and begin doing.”
 50

Ember Eliyah M. Rueda was born on the 14th of November 2004 in Baguio City.

For 9 years, she has been a consistent high honors student both in her latter school,

National Science School, and in Philippine School Doha. She is as dynamic in academics

as she is in her extracurricular ventures. As an 8th grader in her first year in Philippine

School Doha, she has been in the top 3 overall rankings ever since. She was a silver

awardee in S.Y. 2018-2019 and S.Y. 2019-2020. She participated in numerous

competitions both inside and outside the school such as the Future Education Essay

Writing held by the Doha Globe. She expressed her love for speaking and communicating

by winning 11 motions in a junior debate league organized by Qatar Debate. For 2

consecutive years, she has been an active delegate representative of various countries

in the Model United Nations held in Georgetown University, Qatar. She was also a finalist

in the Amazing Race Math Olympics Season 2 during the Academic Olympiad 2018-

2019. Her passion for protean art and music prompted her to study various instruments

such as the guitar, flute, ukulele, and piano. She is in accord with the quote “Be

somebody who makes everybody feel like a somebody.”

 51

Riona Samantha V. Salandanan was born on the 3rd of May in the year 2005 in

Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines. Since her Grade 2 years, she has been part of the

pilot section. She has been part of the top 10 during her Grade 5 - 9 years and has peaked

at top 6 back at Grade 7 S.Y. 2017-2018 in the first quarter. She has been part of the

group placed as Champions, in Science Banner S.Y. 2019-2020 and Science Music

Video S.Y. 2019-2020 back in Science Fair 2020. She joined the Math Club for 3

consecutive years since her Grade 4 S.Y. 2014-2015, and she also joined the Glee Club

back in her primary years, showing passion for both logical and creative activities. She

graduated as the 7th Honorable Mention in the 24th Commencement Exercises for the

Intermediate Department in school years 2016-2017. She strongly relates and affirms the

quote “Nothing is so fatiguing as the eternal hanging on of an uncompleted task” by

William James.