DEVANSHU

PRACTICAL-1
STRING FUNCTION
AIM-To study of string function.
OBJECTIVE-Applying different string fuction to individual value and table data .
THEORY-The string function MySQL can manipulate the text string in many ways.So we need to
perform operatation.
mysql> SELECT * FROM STUDENTS;
+--------+-----------+-------+---------+
| SCR_NO | STU_NAME | CLASS | SECTION |
+--------+-----------+-------+---------+
| 1 | SHIVA | 11 | A |
| 2 | ALAKH | 11 | A |
| 3 | AKASH | 11 | A |
| 4 | CHAITANYA | 11 | A |
| 5 | PALASH | 11 | A |
+--------+-----------+-------+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
SYNTAX-CONCAT(str1,str2,..)
CODE-
mysql> SELECT CONCAT(STU_NAME,' ',SECTION) AS 'STUDENT SEC' FROM STUDENTS;
+-------------+
| STUDENT SEC |
+-------------+
| SHIVA A |
| ALAKH A |
| AKASH A |
| CHAITANYA A |
| PALASH A |
+-------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION JOINS TWO STRING
SYNTAX-UPPER(str) or UCASE(str)
CODE-
mysql> SELECT UPPER (STU_NAME) FROM STUDENTS;
+------------------+
| UPPER (STU_NAME) |
+------------------+
| SHIVA |
| ALAKH |
| AKASH |
| CHAITANYA |
| PALASH |
+------------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS
STRING IN UPPER CASE
SYNTAX-LOWER(str) OR LCASE(str)
CODE-
mysql> SELECT LOWER('KRISHNA') AS LOWER;
+---------+
| LOWER |
+---------+
| krishna |
+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT STU_NAME,LOWER (STU_NAME) FROM STUDENTS;
+-----------+------------------+
| STU_NAME | LOWER (STU_NAME) |
+-----------+------------------+
| SHIVA | shiva |
| ALAKH | alakh |
| AKASH | akash |
| CHAITANYA | chaitanya |
| PALASH | palash |
+-----------+------------------+
STRING IN LOWER CASE
SYNTAX-LENGTH(str)
CODE-
mysql> SELECT LENGTH(' KING IS ALWAYS KING');

+--------------------------------+
| LENGTH(' KING IS ALWAYS KING') |
+--------------------------------+
| 20 |
+--------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT STU_NAME,LENGTH (STU_NAME) FROM STUDENTS;
+-----------+-------------------+
| STU_NAME | LENGTH (STU_NAME) |
+-----------+-------------------+
| SHIVA | 5|
| ALAKH | 5|
| AKASH | 5|
| CHAITANYA | 9|
| PALASH | 6|
+-----------+-------------------+
THE LENGTH OF THE GIVEN STRING IN BYTES.
SYNTAX-RIGHT(str,index)
CODE-
mysql> SELECT RIGHT(STU_NAME,4) FROM STUDENTS;
+-------------------+
| RIGHT(STU_NAME,4) |
+-------------------+
| HIVA |
| LAKH |
| KASH |
| ANYA |
| LASH |
+-------------------+
THE RIGHT MOST NUMBER OF CARACTERS AS SPECIFIED
SYNTAX-LEFT(str,INDEX)
CODE-
mysql> SELECT LEFT(STU_NAME,4) FROM STUDENTS;
+------------------+
| LEFT(STU_NAME,4) |
+------------------+
| SHIV |
| ALAK |
| AKAS |
| CHAI |
| PALA |
+------------------+
THE LEFTMOST NUMBER OF CARACTERS AS SPECIFIED

SYNTAX-SUBSTR(str,starting index,no of caracters)
CODE-
mysql> SELECT SUBSTR(STU_NAME,1,5) FROM STUDENTS;
+----------------------+
| SUBSTR(STU_NAME,1,5) |
+----------------------+
| SHIVA |
| ALAKH |
| AKASH |
| CHAIT |
| PALAS |
+----------------------+
mysql> SELECT SUBSTR('KING IS ALWAYS KING',1,7)
-> ;
+-----------------------------------+
| SUBSTR('KING IS ALWAYS KING',1,7) |
+-----------------------------------+
| KING IS |
+-----------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT SUBSTR('KING IS ALWAYS KING',-11,6);
+-------------------------------------+
| SUBSTR('KING IS ALWAYS KING',-11,6) |
+-------------------------------------+
| ALWAYS |
+-------------------------------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS SUBSTRING FROM THAT STRING
SYNTAX-LTRIM(str)
CODE-
mysql> SELECT LTRIM(' KING IS ALWAYS KING');
+-------------------------------+
| LTRIM(' KING IS ALWAYS KING') |
+-------------------------------+
| KING IS ALWAYS KING |
+-------------------------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION REMOVES LEADING SPACES
SYNTAX-RTRIM(str)
CODE-
mysql> SELECT RTRIM(' KING IS ALWAYS KING ');
+--------------------------------------+
| RTRIM(' KING IS ALWAYS KING ') |
+--------------------------------------+
+--------------------------------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION REMOVES TRAILING SPACES
SYNTAX-TRIM(str)
CODE-
mysql> SELECT TRIM(' KING IS ALWAYS KING ');
+----------------------------------------+
| TRIM(' KING IS ALWAYS KING ') |
+----------------------------------------+
+----------------------------------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION REMOVES SPACES FROM BOTH SIDE
SYNTAX-(str1,str2)
CODE-
mysql> SELECT INSTR(' KING IS',' ALWAYS KING');
+----------------------------------+
| INSTR(' KING IS',' ALWAYS KING') |
+----------------------------------+
| 0|
+----------------------------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION SEARCHES FOR GIVEN STRING INTO THE GIVEN FIRST STRING
SYNTAX-MID(str,starting index,no of caracters)

CODE-
mysql> SELECT mid('KING IS ALWAYS KING',1,7)
-> ;
+--------------------------------+
| mid('KING IS ALWAYS KING',1,7) |
+--------------------------------+
| KING IS |
+--------------------------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETUNS MIDDLE PART OF THAT STRING
PRACTICAL-2
DATE & TIME FUNCTION

SYNTAX-CURDATE()
CODE-
mysql> select curdate();
+------------+
| curdate() |
+------------+
| 2023-03-05 |
+------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETUNS CURRENT DATE

SYNTAX-DATE(date)
CODE-
mysql> select DATE('2006-10-11 05:05:05');
+-----------------------------+
| DATE('2006-10-11 05:05:05') |
+-----------------------------+
| 2006-10-11 |
+-----------------------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION EXTRACTS ONLY DATE PART
SYNTAX-MONTH(date)
CODE-
mysql> select MONTH('2006-10-11 05:05:05');
+------------------------------+
| MONTH('2006-10-11 05:05:05') |
+------------------------------+
| 10 |
+------------------------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION EXTRACTS ONLY MONTH
SYNTAX-MONTHNAME(date)
CODE-
mysql> select MONTHNAME('2006-10-11 05:05:05');
+----------------------------------+
| MONTHNAME('2006-10-11 05:05:05') |
+----------------------------------+
| October |
+----------------------------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETUNS MONTH NAME.
SYNTAX-DAY(date)
CODE-
mysql> select DAY('2006-10-11 05:05:05');
+----------------------------+
| DAY('2006-10-11 05:05:05') |
+----------------------------+
| 11 |
+----------------------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION EXTRACTS ONLY DAY
SYNTAX-YEAR(date)
CODE-
mysql> select YEAR('2006-10-11 05:05:05');
+-----------------------------+
| YEAR('2006-10-11 05:05:05') |
+-----------------------------+
| 2006 |
+-----------------------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION EXTRACTS ONLY YEAR

SYNTAX-DAYNAME(date)
CODE-
mysql> select DAYNAME('2006-10-11 05:05:05');
+--------------------------------+
| DAYNAME('2006-10-11 05:05:05') |
+--------------------------------+
| Wednesday |
+--------------------------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETUNS DAYNAME
SYNTAX-DAYOFMONTH(date)
CODE-
mysql> select DAYOFMONTH('2006-10-11 05:05:05');
+-----------------------------------+
| DAYOFMONTH('2006-10-11 05:05:05') |
+-----------------------------------+
| 11 |
+-----------------------------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETUNS DAY OF MONTH
SYNTAX-DAYOFWEEK(date)
CODE-
mysql> select DAYOFWEEK('2006-10-11 05:05:05');
+----------------------------------+
| DAYOFWEEK('2006-10-11 05:05:05') |
+----------------------------------+
| 4|
+----------------------------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETUNS DAY OF WEEK
SYNTAX-DAYOFYEAR(date)
CODE-
mysql> select DAYOFYEAR('2006-10-11 05:05:05');
+----------------------------------+
| DAYOFYEAR('2006-10-11 05:05:05') |
+----------------------------------+
| 284 |
+----------------------------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETUNS DAY OF YEAR
SYNTAX-NOW()
CODE-
mysql> SELECT NOW();
+---------------------+
| NOW() |
+---------------------+
| 2023-03-05 23:16:50 |
+---------------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETUNS CURRENT TIME

SYNTAX-SYSDATE()
CODE-
mysql> SELECT SYSDATE();
+---------------------+
| SYSDATE() |
+---------------------+
| 2023-03-05 23:17:37 |
+---------------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETUNS EXECUTION TIME
PRACTICAL-3
NUMERIC FUNCTIONS
AIM- TO STUDY ABOUT NUMERIC FUNCTION
OBJECTIVE-TO PERFORM NUMERIC OPERATIONS AND SEE EXECUTION
THEORY-THE NUMBER FUNCTION ARE THOSE FUNCTION THAT ACCEPT NUMERIC VALUES AND AFTER
PERFORMING THE REQUUIRED OPERATION
SYNTAX-MOD(m,n) OR M%N OR M MOD N
CODE-
mysql> SELECT MOD(CLASS,11) FROM STUDENTS;
+---------------+
| MOD(CLASS,11) |
+---------------+
| 0|
| 0|
| 0|
| 0|
| 0|
+---------------+
mysql> SELECT MOD(4,2);
+----------+
| MOD(4,2) |
+----------+
| 0|
+----------+
mysql> SELECT MOD(2,4);
+----------+
| MOD(2,4) |
+----------+
| 2|
+----------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUCTION RETUNS MODULUS OR REMMINDER OF GIVEN TWO NUMBERS
SYNTAX-POWER(m,n) OR POW(m,n)
CODE-
mysql> SELECT POWER(2,3);
+------------+
| POWER(2,3) |
+------------+
| 8|
+------------+
mysql> SELECT POW(CLASS,2) FROM STUDENTS;
+--------------+
| POW(CLASS,2) |
+--------------+
| 121 |
| 121 |
| 121 |
| 121 |
| 121 |
+--------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUCTION RETUNS POWER OF GIVEN NUMBER
SYNTAX-ROUND(n,m)
CODE-
mysql> SELECT ROUND(22.22222,1);
+-------------------+
| ROUND(22.22222,1) |
+-------------------+
| 22.2 |
+-------------------+
+-------------------+
| ROUND(22.22222,3) |
+-------------------+
| 22.222 |
+-------------------+
mysql> SELECT ROUND(15.532,0) ;
+-----------------+
| ROUND(15.532,0) |
+-----------------+
| 16 |
+-----------------+
mysql> SELECT ROUND(15,532);
+---------------+
| ROUND(15,532) |
+---------------+
| 15 |
+---------------+
+-----------------+
| ROUND(15.532,1) |
+-----------------+
| 15.5 |
+-----------------+
mysql> SELECT ROUND(15.532,-1);
+------------------+
| ROUND(15.532,-1) |
+------------------+
| 20 |
+------------------+
+-----------------+
| ROUND(15.532,2) |
+-----------------+
| 15.53 |
+-----------------+
+-----------------+
| ROUND(15.551,2) |
+-----------------+
| 15.55 |
+-----------------+
+-----------------+
| ROUND(15.555,2) |
+-----------------+
| 15.56 |
+-----------------+
+-----------------+
| ROUND(15.55,-1) |
+-----------------+
| 20 |
+-----------------+
+-----------------+
| ROUND(14.55,-1) |
+-----------------+
| 10 |
+-----------------+
+-----------------+
| ROUND(17.12,-2) |
+-----------------+
| 0|
+-----------------+
mysql> SELECT ROUND(185,-2);
+---------------+
| ROUND(185,-2) |
+---------------+
| 200 |
+---------------+

+-----------------+
| ROUND(15.499,0) |
+-----------------+
| 15 |
+-----------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUCTION RETUNS ROUND OFF OF GIVEN NUMBER
SYNTAX-SIGN(n)
CODE-
mysql> SELECT SIGN(11);
+----------+
| SIGN(11) |
+----------+
| 1|
+----------+
mysql> SELECT SIGN(-11);
+-----------+
| SIGN(-11) |
+-----------+
| -1 |
+-----------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS SIGN OF GIVEN NO.
LIKE –VE VALUE RETURNS -1
+VE VALUE RETURNS
0 RETUNS 0
SYNTAX-SQRT(n)
CODE-
mysql> SELECT SQRT(4);
+---------+
| SQRT(4) |
+---------+
| 2|
+---------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUCTION RETUNS SQUARE ROOT OF THAT NO.
SYNTAX-TRUNCATE(m,n)
CODE-
mysql> SELECT TRUNCATE(PERCENT,1 )FROM STUDENTS;
+----------------------+
| TRUNCATE(PERCENT,1 ) |
+----------------------+
| 98.2 |
| 74.3 |
| 84.2 |
| 99.9 |
| 65.5 |
+----------------------+
mysql> SELECT ROUND(PERCENT,1 )FROM STUDENTS;
+-------------------+
| ROUND(PERCENT,1 ) |
+-------------------+
| 98.2 |
| 74.3 |
| 84.3 |
| 100 |
| 65.6 |
+-------------------+
mysql> SELECT TRUNCATE(PERCENT,-1)FROM STUDENTS;
+----------------------+
| TRUNCATE(PERCENT,-1) |
+----------------------+
| 90 |
| 70 |
| 80 |
| 90 |
| 60 |
+----------------------+

mysql> SELECT ROUND(PERCENT,-1)FROM STUDENTS;
+-------------------+
| ROUND(PERCENT,-1) |
+-------------------+
| 100 |
| 70 |
| 80 |
| 100 |
| 70 |
+-------------------+
mysql> SELECT TRUNCATE(PERCENT,-2)FROM STUDENTS;
+----------------------+
| TRUNCATE(PERCENT,-2) |
+----------------------+
| 0|
| 0|
| 0|
| 0|
| 0|
+----------------------+
mysql> SELECT ROUND(PERCENT,-2)FROM STUDENTS;
+-------------------+
| ROUND(PERCENT,-2) |
+-------------------+
| 100 |
| 100 |
| 100 |
| 100 |
| 100 |
+-------------------+
mysql> select truncate(15.15,-1);
+--------------------+
| truncate(15.15,-1) |
+--------------------+
| 10 |
+--------------------+
+----------------------+
| truncate(15.1515,-1) |
+----------------------+
| 10 |
+----------------------+
+----------------------+
| truncate(15.1515,-2) |
+----------------------+
| 0|
+----------------------+
mysql> select truncate(99,-2);
+-----------------+
| truncate(99,-2) |
+-----------------+
| 0|
+-----------------+
+-----------------+
| truncate(99,-1) |
+-----------------+
| 90 |
+-----------------+
+------------------+
| truncate(199,-2) |
+------------------+
| 100 |
+------------------+

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETUNS A NUMBER WITH SOME DIGITS TRUNCATED
PRACTICAL-4
AGGRIGTE FUNCTONS
AIM-TO STUDY AGGRIGATE FUNCTIONS.
OBJECT-TO APPLY AGGRIGATE FUNCTION AND SEE OUTPUT.
THEORY-AGGRICATE FUNCTION WORKS UPON GROUPS OF ROWS RATHER THAN ON SINGLE ROWS.
SYNTAX-AVG(n)
CODE-
mysql> SELECT AVG(PERCENT) 'AVG %' FROM STUDENTS;
+------------------+
| AVG % |
+------------------+
| 84.4739990234375 |
+------------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION COMPUTES THE AVERAGE OF GIVEN DATA.
SYNTAX-COUNT(expr)
CODE:
COUNT(PERCENT) 'TOTAL %' FROM STUDENTS;
+---------+
| TOTAL % |
+---------+
| 5|
+---------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION COUNTS THE NUMBER OF ROWS IN A GIVEN COLUMN OR EXPRESSION.
SYNTAX-MAX(exp)
mysql> SELECT MAX(PERCENT)FROM STUDENTS;
+--------------+
| MAX(PERCENT) |
+--------------+
| 99.99 |
+--------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS THE MAXIMUM VALUE FROM A GIVEN COLUMN OR

EXPRESSION
SYNTAX-
mysql> SELECT MIN(PERCENT)FROM STUDENTS;
+--------------+
| MIN(PERCENT) |
+--------------+
| 65.55 |
+--------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS THE MINI VALUE FROM A GIVEN COLUMN OR EXPRESSION
SYNTAX-SUM(n)
mysql> SELECT SUM(PERCENT)FROM STUDENTS;
+-------------------+
| SUM(PERCENT) |
+-------------------+
| 422.3699951171875 |
+-------------------+
OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS THE SUM OF VALUE IN PERCENT COLUMN.
PRACTICAL – 6
GROUP BY CLAUSE
AIM- TO PERFORM QUERIES WITH GROUP BY CLAUSE
OBJECTIVE-TO COMBINES ALL RECORDS IN GROUP
THEORY-THE GROUP BY CLAUSE COMBINES ALL THOSE RECORDS THAT HAVE IDENTICAL VALUES IN A
PARTICULAR FIELD OR A GROUP OF FEILDS
mysql> SELECT CLASS, MAX(MARKS) FROM STUDENT
-> GROUP BY CLASS;
+-------+------------+
| CLASS | MAX(MARKS) |
+-------+------------+
| 10 | 88 |
| 12 | 69 |
| 11 | 99 |
+-------+------------+
mysql> SELECT SEC, MAX(MARKS) FROM STUDENT
-> GROUP BY SEC;
+------+------------+
| SEC | MAX(MARKS) |
+------+------------+
|A | 99 |
|B | 85 |
+------+------------+
mysql> SELECT CLASS, COUNT(SNAME) FROM STUDENT
-> GROUP BY CLASS;
+-------+--------------+
| CLASS | COUNT(SNAME) |
+-------+--------------+
| 10 | 4|
| 12 | 3|
| 11 | 3|
+-------+--------------+
mysql> SELECT CLASS, COUNT(SNAME) FROM STUDENT
-> GROUP BY CLASS
-> ORDER BY CLASS;
+-------+--------------+
| CLASS | COUNT(SNAME) |
+-------+--------------+
| 10 | 4|
| 11 | 3|
| 12 | 3|
+-------+--------------+
mysql> SELECT CLASS, MAX(MARKS) FROM STUDENT
-> GROUP BY CLASS
-> ORDER BY CLASS DESC;
+-------+------------+
+-------+------------+
| 12 | 69 |
| 11 | 99 |
| 10 | 88 |
+-------+------------+
mysql> SELECT CLASS, COUNT(MARKS) FROM STUDENT
-> GROUP BY CLASS
-> ORDER BY CLASS DESC;
+-------+--------------+
| CLASS | COUNT(MARKS) |
+-------+--------------+
| 12 | 3|
| 11 | 3|
| 10 | 4|
+-------+--------------+

-> GROUP BY CLASS
-> HAVING CLASS=11;
+-------+--------------+
+-------+--------------+
| 11 | 3|
+-------+--------------+
-> GROUP BY CLASS
-> HAVING CLASS=11;
+-------+--------------+
+-------+--------------+
| 11 | 3|
+-------+--------------+
mysql> SELECT CLASS,MAX(MARKS) FROM STUDENT
-> GROUP BY CLASS
-> HAVING CLASS=12;
+-------+------------+
+-------+------------+
| 12 | 69 |
+-------+------------+
OBSERVATION- IT COMBINES ALL THOSE RECORDS THAT HAVE IDENTICAL VALUES IN A PARTICULAR
FIELD OR A GROUP OF FEILDS
PRACTICAL-5
ORDER BY CLAUSE
AIM-TO PERFORM ORDER BY FUNCTION
OBJECTIVE-TO ORDER THE RESULT SET ON MMULTIPLE COLUMNS
THEORY-THE ORDER BY CLAUSE ALLOWS YOU TO INCLUDE THE MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION TO ORDER
THE RESULT SET BY IT.
SYNTAX-SELECT FROM<tbname>
ORDER BY <feildname>[ASC|DESC]………….;
mysql> SELECT * FROM STUDENT;
+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+
| SR_NO | SNAME | CLASS | SEC | MARKS |
+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | AJAY | 10 | A | 78 |
| 2 | SANJAY | 12 | A | 64 |
| 3 | HARSHIT | 10 | A | 85 |
| 4 | KAMAL | 11 | A | 75 |
| 5 | SURESH | 10 | A | 88 |
| 6 | PALASH | 11 | A | 99 |
| 7 | SHASHANK | 11 | A | 95 |
| 8 | SHIVA | 12 | A | 69 |
| 9 | SHIVA | 12 | B | 69 |
| 10 | VIMAL | 10 | B | 85 |
+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+
<mysql> SELECT * FROM STUDENT order by class asc,sec desc;
+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+
+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+
| 10 | VIMAL | 10 | B | 85 |
| 1 | AJAY | 10 | A | 78 |
| 3 | HARSHIT | 10 | A | 85 |
| 5 | SURESH | 10 | A | 88 |
| 4 | KAMAL | 11 | A | 75 |
| 6 | PALASH | 11 | A | 99 |
| 7 | SHASHANK | 11 | A | 95 |
| 9 | SHIVA | 12 | B | 69 |
| 2 | SANJAY | 12 | A | 64 |
| 8 | SHIVA | 12 | A | 69 |
+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+
mysql> SELECT * FROM STUDENT order by SEC asc,CLASS desc;
+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+
+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+
| 2 | SANJAY | 12 | A | 64 |
| 8 | SHIVA | 12 | A | 69 |
| 4 | KAMAL | 11 | A | 75 |
| 6 | PALASH | 11 | A | 99 |
| 7 | SHASHANK | 11 | A | 95 |
| 1 | AJAY | 10 | A | 78 |
| 3 | HARSHIT | 10 | A | 85 |
| 5 | SURESH | 10 | A | 88 |
| 9 | SHIVA | 12 | B | 69 |
| 10 | VIMAL | 10 | B | 85 |
+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+
mysql> SELECT * FROM STUDENT order by SEC asc,CLASS desc,MARKS ASC;
+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+
+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+
| 2 | SANJAY | 12 | A | 64 |
| 8 | SHIVA | 12 | A | 69 |
| 4 | KAMAL | 11 | A | 75 |
| 7 | SHASHANK | 11 | A | 95 |
| 6 | PALASH | 11 | A | 99 |
| 1 | AJAY | 10 | A | 78 |
| 3 | HARSHIT | 10 | A | 85 |
| 5 | SURESH | 10 | A | 88 |
| 9 | SHIVA | 12 | B | 69 |
| 10 | VIMAL | 10 | B | 85 |
+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+
OBSERVATION-THE QUERY WILL EXECUTES THE TABLE ORDER BY A PARTICULAR COLUMN ASCENDING
OR DESCENDING.

DEVANSHU

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PRACTICAL-1

OBJECTIVE-Applying different string fuction to individual value and table data .

mysql> SELECT * FROM STUDENTS;

| SCR_NO | STU_NAME | CLASS | SECTION |

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT CONCAT(STU_NAME,' ',SECTION) AS 'STUDENT SEC' FROM STUDENTS;

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION JOINS TWO STRING

mysql> SELECT UPPER (STU_NAME) FROM STUDENTS;

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS

STRING IN UPPER CASE

mysql> SELECT LOWER('KRISHNA') AS LOWER;

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT STU_NAME,LOWER (STU_NAME) FROM STUDENTS;

| STU_NAME | LOWER (STU_NAME) |

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS

STRING IN LOWER CASE

mysql> SELECT LENGTH(' KING IS ALWAYS KING');

| LENGTH(' KING IS ALWAYS KING') |

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT STU_NAME,LENGTH (STU_NAME) FROM STUDENTS;

| STU_NAME | LENGTH (STU_NAME) |

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS

THE LENGTH OF THE GIVEN STRING IN BYTES.

mysql> SELECT RIGHT(STU_NAME,4) FROM STUDENTS;

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS

THE RIGHT MOST NUMBER OF CARACTERS AS SPECIFIED

mysql> SELECT LEFT(STU_NAME,4) FROM STUDENTS;

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS

THE LEFTMOST NUMBER OF CARACTERS AS SPECIFIED

mysql> SELECT SUBSTR(STU_NAME,1,5) FROM STUDENTS;

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT SUBSTR('KING IS ALWAYS KING',1,7)

| SUBSTR('KING IS ALWAYS KING',1,7) |

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT SUBSTR('KING IS ALWAYS KING',-11,6);

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS SUBSTRING FROM THAT STRING

mysql> SELECT LTRIM(' KING IS ALWAYS KING');

| LTRIM(' KING IS ALWAYS KING') |

| KING IS ALWAYS KING |

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION REMOVES LEADING SPACES

mysql> SELECT RTRIM(' KING IS ALWAYS KING ');

| RTRIM(' KING IS ALWAYS KING ') |

| KING IS ALWAYS KING |

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION REMOVES TRAILING SPACES

mysql> SELECT TRIM(' KING IS ALWAYS KING ');

| TRIM(' KING IS ALWAYS KING ') |

| KING IS ALWAYS KING |

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION REMOVES SPACES FROM BOTH SIDE

mysql> SELECT INSTR(' KING IS',' ALWAYS KING');

| INSTR(' KING IS',' ALWAYS KING') |

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

SYNTAX-MID(str,starting index,no of caracters)

mysql> SELECT mid('KING IS ALWAYS KING',1,7)