PERSONAL SAFETY AND SOCIAL

RESPONSIBILITIES

COMPASS Training Center Inc.

Luna Orosa Bldg
1913 Taft Ave cor Remedios Street,
Malate, Manila, 1004
www.compass.ph
 Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities

OBSERVE SAFE WORKING PRACTICES

IMPORTANCE OF THE COURSE

Working on a ship is a hazardous occupation to which one is exposed as soon as one steps
onboard
There is a necessity in understanding the hazards onboard
Equipments and procedures are provided to avoid these hazards

Ship Familiarization

Identify hazards onboard concerning:

Gangway & safety net Cranes and derricks
Main deck Manifold and deck pipeline systems
Holds & hatches Accommodation
Forecastle & poop deck Bridge
Windlass, anchors & winches Engine room

NATURE OF SHIPBOARD HAZARDS

LIST OF SHIPBOARD HAZARDS

Falls through open manholes Unsecured equipment
Unfenced tween-decks Hazards of extreme weather
Loose or missing gratings Lack of oxygen in confined spaces
Grinding wheels, winch drums, gears Presence of hydrocarbon gas and toxic
and flywheels gases
Burns from steam pipes Hazards of chemical used onboard
Hot machinery Fire
Welding sparks Collision/ grounding/ flooding/ sinking
Chipping, welding and chemicals Pirates and stowaways

EQUIPMENTS ONBOARD TO COUNTER HAZARDS

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES

FIRE-FIGHTING APPLIANCES
Fire hose, nozzle, hydrants and fire mains
Portable fire extinguisher
Fire axe
Fire-detecting system
Fire extinguishing system

MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
Resuscitator
Stretcher
Medicines
Medical equipment
Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities

OIL SPILL EQUIPMENTS

Absorbent pads
Absorbent rolls
Chemical dispersant
Sawdust, brooms, dust pans, shovels and barrels

HAZARDOUS OPERATIONS ONBOARD

LOADING & UNLOADING CARGOES

Various Ship’s Types:

Ro-Ro and Car Carriers
Tanker
Passenger ships

MOORING & UNMOORING

The tying up of a ship to a jetty, berth or pier

ENCLOSED SPACES
An enclosed space is a space which do not have natural ventilation system. In addition, it is a space
which because it has been closed for a long period of time, it contains insufficient oxygen to
support life and therefore entry (in a general sense) is prohibited.

There are times, depending on the nature of the space or its intended purpose, hydrocarbon gases and
other toxic gases maybe present aside from having lack of oxygen.
Ballast tanks Forepeak tank
Cofferdam Aft peak tank
Cargo tanks Chain locker
Duct keel Bunker tanks

Types of hazards in an enclosed space:

Atmospheric Hazards
Physical Hazards

Other types of toxic gases in an enclosed spaces:

Nitrogen Oxide (NO) Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Benzene (C6H6)
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)
 Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities

Toxic Hazard
• Hazards that can cause harm to human due to its poisonous nature and characteristics
Measure of Toxicity
• Threshold Limit value (TVL) – is the maximum concentration of toxic gases in air
measured in parts per million where a person can be exposed in an 8 hour period in a
day or 40 hour period in a week without causing adverse health effect

OXYGEN DEFICIENCY HAZARDS

Atmosphere may be rendered deficient in oxygen due to the following:

Ingress of inert gas
Rusting
Paint drying
Presence of hydrocarbon gases
Electrical cleaning fluids
Solvents/emulsifier
Refrigerant
Burning
Flooding with CO2 (during firefighting)
Welding and gas cutting (without proper ventilation)
Running an internal combustion engine in a confined space
Decay of organic matter (e.g. vegetables, grains, fruits, etc.)

Effect Oxygen Deficiency

Anoxia – a condition characterized by an absence of oxygen supply to an organ or a tissue.

Symptoms of Anoxia
Giddiness, breathlessness and unconsciousness and progress into brain damage causing
memory loss, mental instability, paralysis, coma or death.

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Hazards that could cause a person to be physically or even fatally injured.

PRECAUTIONS WHEN ENTERING ENCLOSED SPACES

An entry permit system must be strictly followed
The space must be thoroughly ventilated and confirmed by testing of the atmosphere.
There must be:
• Sufficient oxygen to support life (21% by Vol.)
• None or insufficient flammable gas for that purpose
• Toxic gas must be less than its TLV (Threshold Limit Value)
Proper protective equipments like coveralls, hard hat, safety shoes, gloves, approved torch
lights, non-sparking tools and others must be used.
Vigilance and alertness must be exercised, the atmosphere must be monitored and all
precautions observed while the job is underway.
Personnel must be cautioned against over-confidence and negligence.
Protective clothing and the workplace is to be cleaned up after the job is done and things left
neat and tidy.
Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities

ENCLOSED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT

A permit issued for the approval of entry in a particular enclosed space after all safety precautions and
checks contained therein has been satisfied.

The lists of checks & precaution includes:

Potential hazards have been identified in the assessment & as far as possible isolated or
made safe
The space has been thoroughly ventilated by natural or mechanical means to remove any
toxic or flammable gases & to ensure an adequate level of oxygen throughout the space
The atmosphere of the space has been tested as appropriate with properly calibrated
instruments to ascertain acceptable levels of oxygen and acceptable levels of flammable or
toxic vapors
The space has been secured for entry and properly illuminated
A suitable system of communication between all parties for use during entry has been
agreed and tested
an attendant has been instructed to remain at the entrance to the space whilst it is
occupied
rescue and resuscitation equipment has been positioned ready for use at the entrance to
the space and rescue arrangements have been agreed
personnel are properly clothed and equipped for the entry and subsequent tasks
a permit has been issued, authorizing entry

Steady reading of all the following should be obtained:

21% oxygen by volume by oxygen content meter
not more than 1% of lower flammable limit (LFL) on a suitably sensitive combustible gas
indicator, where the preliminary assessment has determined that there is potential for
flammable gases or vapors
not more than 50% of the occupational exposure limit (OEL) of any toxic vapors and gases

HOT WORK
Hot work is any work which generates heat or sparks of sufficiently high temperature or intensity to
ignite a flammable gas/air mixture.

Areas onboard where hot work is carried out in ascending order of danger:
Engineer’s work shop
Engine room
Poop deck and accommodation
Cargo area

HOT WORK PERMIT

An approval of hot work issued after all checks and safety considerations contained therein has been
carried out and satisfied.

WORKING ALOFT
Defines as working at a height above the ground or deck where the primary hazard is of
falling and consequent injury.
Working over the side can also be considered as working aloft.
 Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities

LIST OF JOBS DEaFINED AS WORKING ALOFT

Painting bridge front bulkhead, masts, engine-room deck head.
Cleaning or painting funnel
Greasing, maintenance or repair of radar scanner, crane or derrick blocks and wires
Chipping, painting, cleaning or inspecting tanks or holds
Painting the ship’s side, underside of flying bridge wings, etc.

LIST OF HAZARDS OF WORKING ALOFT

Falling from a height due to loss of balance, failure of ropes, etc.
Injury due to falling materials or equipments
Burns due to contact with hot surfaces such as the funnel or steam from the whistle.
Emission of carbon dioxide or toxic gases from the funnel due to combustion, incineration, soot
blowing, etc.
Exposure to wind and cold
Electric and radiation hazard due to proximity with radar scanners or radio aerials

Prior notice must be given to the responsible person concerned prior to commencement of work which
includes the following:
Duty engineer when working in the vicinity of the funnel to refrain from soot blowing or
incineration or to shut off steam to the whistle when working near it.
Bridge watch-keeping officer when working near radar scanners
Bridge watch-keeping officer or radio officer when working near radio aerials or satellite
communication dome
Chief officer when working on deck
Equipments whose operation is a hazard to the work is to locked or tagged with the
responsibilities vested in a responsible officer.
These checks and procedures may be covered by a checklist or a permit-to-work system.

LIST OF EQUIPMENT USED FOR WORKING ALOFT

Gantlines Hooks and shackles
Safety lines Fall arrester
Wooden stage or bosun’s chair Ladders, scaffolding, etc.

WORKING ALOFT / OVERSIDE

Inexperience persons or those under 18 years old should not be sent to work aloft or overside. And the
work overside should not be carried out while the ship is underway.
In addition to normal protective equipments, a buoyant vest or lifejacket should be worn and lifebuoys
with heaving lines and light should be kept in readiness.

ENGINE ROOM WATCHKEEPING & MAINTENANCE

Injuries suffered in the engine room could be:

Burns through contact with steam pipes, hot surfaces, welding sparks, etc.
Head injuries through overhead obstructions or falling objects
Slips, trips or falls on companion ways, from open floor plates, protruding parts or incautious
haste.
Hearing loss through constant exposure to high decibel noise.
Contact with moving parts of machineries such as grinder wheels, flywheels, propeller shaft
Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities

GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
In order to prevent injuries as defined, use of proper protective equipment is absolutely necessary.
Accidents can be prevented by good housekeeping and safe working practices.

Question: What are examples of good housekeeping practices in the engine room?

Possible answers:
- Oil or water leaks should be immediately attended to.
- Oil spills should be immediately cleaned and oil-stained lagging replaced.
- Oily rags or cotton wastes should be properly disposed of in a closed container and not left
lying around to ignite spontaneously.
- Tools should be attended to during work, so that don’t fall off on ledges or platforms, and be
properly collected and stowed after work.
- Guards for moving parts of machineries should be in position and in good condition.
- Equipments, stores and parts of opened up machineries should be lashed and secured
against movements.
- All parts of the engine room should be adequately lighted.
- Bilges should be kept clean and dry.
- Bottom platform gratings should never be left open unless the area is fenced and warning
signs are posted.
- Access to firefighting equipments, escape routes and emergency exits should not be
obstructed by stores or equipments.

SAFE WORKING PRACTICES

Proper locking and tagging of machinery under repair to prevent inadvertent starting.
Proper checks of equipment used for lifting or other purposes prior to use.
Proper calibration of test equipments
Proper tests of enclosed spaces prior to entry
Use of proper tools for the job and in the proper way.

CONTRIBUTE TO EFFECTIVE HUMAN RELATIONSHIP ON BOARD SHIP

INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP
Good relationships make the life of all seafarers more comfortable, healthy and less prone to accidents.

The elements which help in better relationships:

Policies of company
Function of shipboard management
Clarity of responsibilities with reference to shipboard functions
Structure and flow of authority

Importance of understanding needs:

Individual needs Company needs
Ship needs Social needs

Everyone should respect each other's individuality, value, culture and purpose of work.
Open communication will enhance interpersonal relationship.
Shipboard environments demand better IPR from seafarers during both on-duty or off-duty hours
 Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities

Methods to improve IPR on board evolved from:

introducing and understanding each maximizing weakness
other fairness in dealing with personnel
commitment of senior officers true appraisals and reporting
valuing of individual differences rather discipline on board
than

TEAM BUILDING
Team work is an act or a system where a group of individuals act as one to achieve a common goal.
The work or actions done is for the benefit of the group and not to himself. There is always “us” and
not the “me” or “I”.

The best example of team work is the work of an ant colony. As illustrated, ants work together to be
able to achieve their goal of bridging a gap on their path in order to cross food or other materials that
are beneficial to their colony.

And for humans, us Filipinos for that matter, the best example is the “bayanihan”

Ship board operation is team work and effectiveness of the team member
Team helps in better decision making

What is Team Goal/Aims/Objectives?

Are the intended or projected results or outcome of a team effort.

In a group, what are the roles of individual members?

The roles of every members is to contribute their best effort to be able to achieve the group’s
common goal.

Why there is a need for cohesiveness in a team?

By having cohesiveness in a team or group, it is a guarantee of an effective team.

Deterrents to team operation:

Distortion of aims Hidden agendas
Inflexible behavior of members Communication problems
Groupism Physical/ environmental problems
Status/ ego problem Handling of grievances/ counseling

TEAM WORK

Team work is essential on board for reasons such as:

the shipping company comprises a number of small mobile industrial units (the ship) which may
at any particular moment be distributed over large distances throughout the world
when making a voyage, the ship can undergo considerable climatic changes, which may
adversely affect personnel
ships are operational for 24 hours each day, and the crew must be organized in regulated shift
system, such that the people on board are well rested and fit for duty at all times
the personnel on the ship must be organized to operate the ship safely and effectively with
numerous operations being performed simultaneously
Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities

UNDERSTAND ORDERS & BE UNDERSTOOD IN RELATION TO SHIPBOARD DUTIES

Fundamentals of Communication
Good communication is the most essential element of safety and pollution prevention on board.

METHODS OF COMMUNICATION

Basic elements of communication:

Sender Methods of transmission
Receiver Barriers to communication
Modes of transmission Feedback

Verbal
• Reading, speaking, writing and any communication using words
Non-verbal
• Body language, sounds, gestures
Iconic
• Signs, figures, diagrams, pictures and photographs

BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION
transmitter's conceptualization stage receiver's capability
transmitter's capability receiver's understanding of the concept
mode of transmission feedback stage
media of transmission receipt of feedback by transmitter

EFFECTIVE TRANSMISSION SKILLS

The sender must be capable of effectively speaking, writing,

acting, drawing and using available sound signaling
apparatus
 Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities

The effectiveness of transmission can be checked by the

feedback from the receiver

EFFECTIVE LISTENING SKILLS

HEARING
auditory perception, or audition. The ability to perceive sound by detecting vibrations.
Is a mere reception and perception of sound waves. There is no interpretation nor processes
involved although this is the first step in the processing of information as in listening.

LISTENING
the conscious processing of the auditory stimuli that have been perceived through hearing.
The process moves through the first three steps: (in sequence)
• Receiving
• Attending
• Understanding
Responding and/or remembering may or may not follow.

LISTENING BARRIERS

EFFECTS & CONSEQUENCES OF WRONG COMMUNICATION

MISCOMMUNICATION

Effect safety of:

Life Stress
Property Lost of time
Environment Lost of resources
Human problems Loss of ship’s profitability
Relationship problems
COMMUNICATION

SUM-UP

Effective communication creates the atmosphere conducive to safe working, happy living and
sociable relationship among fellow shipmates.

COMPLY WITH EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

WHAT IS AN EMERGENCY?

It is a situation of imminent danger like:

loss of life loss of or damage to property
Injury damage to environment

VARIOUS EMERGENCIES ONBOARD SHIPS

various emergencies which may occur on board ships:

- Fire - man overboard
- Collision - ingress of water
- Grounding - heavy weather
- Foundering - - oil spill, etc.

SHIPBOARD CONTINGENCY PLANS

Shipboard contingency plans for response to emergencies were developed as part of company
procedures to answer different types of emergencies.

ALARM SYSTEMS ONBOARD

Ship’s General Alarm
Fire Alarm
Abandon Ship Alarm

COMPASS Training Center Inc.

Luna Orosa Bldg
1913 Taft Ave cor Remedios Street,
Malate, Manila, 1004
www.compass.ph
 Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities

DRILLS & MUSTER

Muster List Structure:

Specific duties allocated to crew members
Division of crew in various squads and teams
Muster station
Emergency headquarter, etc.

Actions to take on hearing emergency alarm signal & discovering potential emergencies:
Attire your self adequately & properly
Proceed to muster station
Find out nature of emergency
Take action as per muster list or duty list

VALUE & NEED OF DRILLS & TRAINING

Three Aspects of need of drills & training”

Regulatory & legislative needs
• SOLAS, MARPOL, STCW, ISM, etc
Operational need
• To ensure correct & effective actions
State of mind
• Exposure to an emergency

INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS

Various internal communications in use on board ships - especially for emergency situations
Telephone Lifeboat VHF
Emergency powered or sound Walkie-talki
operated phone Emergency alarms
Public address system

Escape Routes
Marked with luminous/reflectorize posters showing directions to the lifeboats or escape hatches
It is a good practice that all crew and passengers have a good knowledge of number and
locations of escape routes so as to prevent panic and confusion should emergency and need to
evacuate arises

TAKE PRECAUTIONS TO PREVENT POLLUTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

WHAT IS POLLUTION?
The introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment

EFFECTS OF OPERATIONAL OR ACCIDENTAL POLLUTION TO THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

Impact of Pollution on Marine Life & Food Chain

Disruption of marine ecological balance
Poor absorption of oxygen on the water
Damage of hatcheries & key fishing areas
Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities

Hazards posed by chemicals, sewage & garbage disposal:

Can cause poisoning of the sea
Toxins absorbed by fishes can be transferred to humans
Damage to beaches & other legitimate uses of the sea

INTERNATIONAL MEASURES FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION, POLLUTION AVOIDANCE &

CONTAINMENT OF POLLUTION

MARPOL ‘73/’78

Marpol “73/’78 is an IMO convention that deals primary on the protection of the Marine Environment. It
contains regulations pertaining to the vessel’s construction and operation.

Example of Construction Requirements:

SBT
Double Hull
Shore Reception Facilities

SEWAGE DISPOSAL ARRANGEMENT

Sewage treatment plant of a type approveda by the Administration in compliance with IMO
criteria
Comminuting & disinfecting system approved by the Administration fitted with facilities for the
temporary storage of sewage when the ship is less than 3 nm from the nearest land
holding tank of a capacity to the satisfaction of the administration, having regard to the
operation of the ship, the number on persons on board, and provided with a means to indicate
visually the amount of its contents

GARBAGE MANAGEMENT PLAN

Is a plan specific to each ships that contains details of handling of garbage onboard including its
disposal

GARBAGE RECORD BOOK

Record book which is maintained in a regular basis used to record disposal of garbage.

SHIPBOARD OIL POLLUTION EMERGENCY PLAN

A prevention plan carried on board tankers >150 GT and other vessels >400 GT.
In this plan you get an overview of possible procedures in case of an oil spill.
In the plan is also mentioned who you should contact (list of authorities, oil cleanup teams
and port state control) and how to report this event to the nearest coast guard station.

CONTENTS OF SOPEP
An Action Plan
An Emergency plan
General information about the ship
Procedures to discharge the oil in the sea in accordance to MARPOL regulations
Drawings of fuel/oil lines
Location of SOPEP boxes
 Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities

SHIPBOARD EMERGENCY ORGANIZATION

In the event of a pollution emergency, the shipboard emergency organization is activated
Function & direction of effort:
• To carry out control
• To carry out clean-up operation
Shore organizations are called upon during pollution emergencies to interface with shipboard
organization to help in the control & clean up effort

REPORTING OF POLLUTION INCIDENTS

It is the obligation of the vessel to report pollution incidents as soon as possible to the nearest coastal
state using all available communication equipment.

OIL SPILL RESPONSE TEAM

Is a team or organization where individual officers and crew have assigned duties when responding to
pollution emergencies.

MEASURES FOR CONTROL OF OIL SPILL

The use of scupper plugs
Preparation of dumping valves
Preparation of air driven submersible pumps (Wilden Pump)
Fitting of fish plates separating the accommodation from the deck area

SHIPBOARD RESPONSE TO OIL SPILL DUE TO VARIOUS CAUSES

Pipe burst during loading / discharging
Pipe burst during crude oil washing
Tank overflow during transfer of fuel
Overflow of waste oil from vent

IMPORTANCE OF SHIPBOARD DRILLS

Assures readiness of the shipboard organization to deal with pollution emergencies
It familiarize officers & crew regarding their assigned duties
As a result of de-briefings, crew has the opportunity to learn form mistakes & be able to
improve their skills when dealing with pollution emergencies

POLLUTION BY SEWAGE FROM SHIPS

SEWAGE
A water-carried waste, in solution or suspension. Also known as wastewater, it is more than 99% water
and is characterized by volume or rate of flow, physical condition, chemical and toxic constituents, and
the bacteriological organisms that it contains.

REGULATION REGARDING SEWAGE DISPOSAL

The discharge of sewage into the sea is prohibited except:

The ship is discharging comminuted & disinfected sewage using a system approved by the
Administration at a distance of more than 4 nautical miles from the nearest land
Or sewage which is not comminuted or disinfected at a distance of more than 12 nautical miles
from the nearest land
Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities

Provided that in any case, the sewage that has been stored in holding tanks shall not be
discharged instantaneously but at a moderate rate when the ship is en route & proceeding at
not less than 4 knots; the rate of discharge shall be approved by Administration based upon
standards developed by the Organization; OR
The ship has in operation an approved sewage treatment plant which has been certified by the
Administration to meet the operational requirements based on standards & the test methods
developed by Organization;
• The test results of the plant are laid down in the ship’s International Sewage Pollution
Prevention Certificate (1973)
• Additionally, the effluent shall not produce visible floating solids in, nor cause
discoloration of the surrounding water; OR
The ship is situated in the waters under the jurisdiction of a State & is discharging sewage in
accordance with such less stringent requirements as may be imposed by such State

When the sewage is mixed with wastes or waste water having different discharge requirements, the
more stringent requirements shall apply

POLLUTION BY SEWAGE FROM SHIPS

Comminuted Sewage
• Treatment of sewage where solid particles are grounded to reduce in size
Disinfected Sewage
• Sewage treatment wherein the main purpose is to substantially reduce the number of
microorganisms in the water to be discharged back into the environment. Common
methods of disinfection include ozone, chlorine, ultraviolet light, or sodium hypochlorite
Aerobic (Biological) Treatment
plant (Flow through system)
Electrocatalytic Oxidation

GARBAGE
Are things that are no longer useful or
wanted and that have been thrown out

POLLUTION BY GARBAGE FROM SHIPS

Disposal of garbage at sea is prohibited except food waste.

Within Special Area:
• Comminuted/ground, ≥ 12nm from the nearest land and en route.
Outside Special Area
• Comminuted/ ground, ≥ 3 nm from the nearest land and en route
• NOT Comminuted/ground, ≥ 12nm from the nearest land and en route.
 Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities

CONTROL OF OIL DISCHARGE FROM MACHINERY & OIL FUEL TANKS

OILY-WATER SEPARATING EQUIPMENT

It is a system designed to separate oil from water so as to improve the quality of water to an acceptable
range prior to its discharge to sea.

DISCHARGE PROVISION

The following criteria must be satisfied before discharging treated water from the engine room
Vessel must be en route
Machinery space
• Bilge waste: oily water from the bilges
• Sludge: waste residue from the filtration of fuel oil
Oily mixture must have been processed through the oil filtering equipment
Oil content of the mixture does not exceed 15 parts per million (ppm)
Oily mixture is not mixed with cargo residue

OIL RECORD BOOK

Oil record Book is used to record “movement” of oil on every ship’s operation. It includes taking
in, dispensing/discharging, transfer, cleaning & any emergencies & accidents involving release
of oil.
There are two parts of oil record book:
• Part I – machinery Space Operations
• Part II – Cargo/Ballast Operations (Tankers)

ENTRIES IN THE OIL RECORD BOOK

Collection of Oil Residues
Methods of disposal of residue
Non-automatic discharge overboard or disposal otherwise of bilge water which has
accumulated in machinery spaces
Automatic starting of discharge overboard otherwise of bilge water which has accumulated in
machinery spaces
Bunkering of fuel or bulk lubricating oil

CONTROL OF DISCHARGE OF OIL & SPECIAL AREAS

SPECIAL AREAS
Are sea areas which, for technical reasons relating to their oceanographical & ecological condition & to
their sea traffic, the adoption of special mandatory methods for the prevention of sea pollution is
required

LIST OF SPECIAL AREAS

Mediterranean sea Gulf of Aden
Baltic sea Antarctic Area
Black sea Northwest European Waters
Red sea Oman Area of the Arabian Sea
“Gulfs” area Southern South African Water
Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities

IOPP CERTIFICATE
The International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate (IOPP Certificate) shall be drawn up in the form
corresponding to the model of IOPP Certificate given in appendix II of Annex I & shall be at least in
English, French or Spanish. If an official language of the Chapter 2 – Surveys & certification is issuing
country is also used, this shall prevail in case of a dispute or discrepancy

DISCHARDE PROVISION WITHIN SPECIAL AREAS

MARPOL Annex I, Reg. 34, Par. 3:

Any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixture from the cargo area of an oil tanker shall be prohibited
while in a special area

MARPOL ANNEX VI – AIR POLLUTION

Purpose:
To limit the discharge of substances into the air or atmosphere from ships with the objective of
protecting the atmosphere
Annex VI sets limits on sulfur oxide & nitrogen oxide emissions from ships

CONTRIBUTE TO EFFECTIVE HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS ONBOARD SHIPS – SOCIAL

RESPONSIBILITY

Rights & Obligations of Crew

Each crew member has a social responsibility to his ship, himself, his colleagues, to the
company, and to the environment
Right to his convictions
Right to express his convictions
Right to make a request of another as long as he can appreciate that the other has a right to
say no
Right to clarify communications to enhance interpersonal relationships

CREW OBLIGATIONS TOWARDS EMPLOYER

To carry out his job based on his job description
To follow rules and regulations set out by the company
Shipping is a commercial entity & profit making is part of the operation. It is therefore, expected
that the employee must discharge his duties sincerely to the fullest of his capabilities in order to
ensure that on his part, he helps the company achieved its goals. He should be responsible
towards the three elements of the shipping operation, namely, company, government &
individual.
There is dignity in labor & there are responsibilities towards:
• Obedience, respect, discipline and following orders of his superiors
• Abiding by company’s policies as laid down in the safety manuals & rules & regulations
governing flag State requirements & other mandatory legislation
• Adhering to the safety & environment protection policy at all times & to assist fellow
seamen in distress, search & rescue operations & oil pollution mitigation operation

EMPLOYMENT CONDITION
Employment contracts National & international requirements
His rights
DRUG & ALCOHOL
There are international & national regulations against the use, carrying or distributing of any
drug or alcohol
The punishment for above could be very, very severe

DANGERS OF DRUG & ALCOHOL ABUSE

How drugs and alcohol affect a human body- their harmful effects and some misconceptions
regarding alcohol providing heat to the body in cold climates
Dangers of getting involved in drug trafficking/smuggling
Violation of Company's drug and alcohol policy
Narcotics and contraband search

Drug & Alcohol

Port State, Flag State & other authorities methods of detecting drug/alcohol consumed:
By carrying out un-announced drug & alcohol tests
Unannounced searches

HEALTH & HYGIENE ON BOARD

It is a moral responsibility of all on board to observe hygiene & promote good health.
Cleanliness & good housekeeping is fundamental to good health
Ship's personnel must be highly motivated:
• There is a definite relation between human needs and motivation.
• Delegation can be a powerful tool in motivating people.

SUMMING UP

Importance of Interpersonal Relationship

Delegation, trust & good relations are motivational.
Drug & alcohol abuse can be very costly and may lead to prosecution of ship or/and the
individual, & may also result in dismissal and/or permanent loss of sea career.

COMPASS Training Center Inc.

Luna Orosa Bldg
1913 Taft Ave cor Remedios Street,
Malate, Manila, 1004
www.compass.ph
Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities

Reference:
R1 The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification & Watchkeeping for Seafarers,
1995 (SCTW 1995), 1998 edition
R2 International Convention for the safety of life at sea, 1974 (SOLAS 1974), as amended
R3 International Convention for the prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973/78 (MARPOL)
R4 IMO Life-Saving Appliances Code (LSA Code)
R5 International Safety Management Code
R6 Guidelines for the Development of Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plans

Textbooks :
T1 ILO Code of Practice foe Accident Prevention on Board Ship at Sea and in port
T2 Code of Safe Working Practices for Merchant Seamen.
T3 ICS/OCIMF/APH, International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals
T4 Guidelines on the Application of the International Safety Management Code
T5 Drug & Alcohol Prevention Programmes in the Maritime industry
Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities