Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region IV-A CALABARZON
PROVINCE OF BATANGAS
St. Blaise Community Academy, Inc.
San Luis, Batangas/ chs_sbca53@yahoo.com
 043 – 740-960609997646638 / 09178076741

Learning Area GENERAL BIOLOGY 2

Learning Delivery Modality Online

School St. Blaise Community Academy Grade Level 12

Inc.
LESSON Teacher Jhun John L. Villanueva Learning Area GENERAL
EXEMPLAR BIOLOGY 2
Teaching Date MAY 06, 2022 Quarter 2nd
Teaching Time 40 Minutes No. Of Days 1

I. Objectives
A. The learners demonstrate understanding of Recombinant DNA (STEM_BIO11/12-IIIa-b-6)
Content Standard
B. The learners independently develop a poster with their own genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
Performance (STEM_BIO11/12-IIIa-b-6)
Standard
C. Outline the processes involved in genetic engineering (STEM_BIO11/12-IIIa-b-6)
Most Essential
Learning
Competencies
II. Content Genetic Engineering and Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
III. Learning
Resources
A.
Reference
a. Teacher’s Guide 1. https://www.britannica.com/science/genetic-engineering
Pages 2. https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/plant_breeding.htm#:~:text=Classical%20plant%20breeding
%20uses%20deliberate,into%20a%20new%20genetic%20background.
3. https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Genetic
4. General Biology Philippine Edition by Giselle Millete M. Belardo
5. https://padlet.com/jhunjohnvillanueva/nojmqgrkpxohu57c

B. List of Learning 1. https://zoom.us

Resources for 2. https://www.facebook.com
Development and
Engagement 3. https://www.messenger.com

IV. Procedure
A. I. Initiatory Activities
INTRODUCTION a. Prayer
b. Greetings
c. Checking of Attendance
d. House Rules

e. Vision/Mission
After going through this lesson, you should be able to:
1. discuss the genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms (GMOs);
2. differentiate genetic engineering from genetically modified organisms (GMOs); and
3. create a poster of your own genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
B. EXPLORE What Is It
Lesson 1: GENETIC ENGINEERING AND GENETICALLY
MODIFIED ORGANISMS
(GMOs)
Genetic engineering is the direct
manipulation of an organisms’ genes using
biotechnology. It covers different kinds of
technologies used to alter the genomes that
includes the insertion of genes from other
individual either the same or from different
species that aims to produce or improve
products.
• Genetic engineering: Changing
the DNA in living organisms to
create something new.
• These organisms are called Genetically Modified Organism
• Example: Bacteria that produce human insulin
• Genetically Modified organism are called transgenic organism; since genes are transferred from one
organism to another.

Genetic Engineering also called Genetic Modification is one of the many branches of applied biology. It is the
changing of an organism’s genome using biotechnology. This module discusses the basic concepts on Genetic
Engineering or GE and identifying some of the Genetically Modified Organisms or GMOs.
The history of Genetic Engineering can be traced
back in 1953 when James Watson discovered the structure of
DNA, after which scientists were able to understand and
changed the structure. The idea of Genetic Engineering is
something that we associate with the 20 th century. No one
knew that genes were actually the mechanism of Heredity
until the middle of the 20th century. The direct modification of
genes for some purpose did not even start until the 1970s. but
it is worth noting that human beings have been, in some ways,
influencing the genetics of organisms for a very, very, very
long time
.

GENETIC ENGINEERING PROCESSES

Biotechnology is the use of biological techniques and

engineered organisms to make products or plants and animals that

have desired traits. In order to carry on this technology, it employs
different processes such as:
Restriction Enzymes which is the cutting of the DNA
strands into fragments. It is basically used to create
DNA fragments with sticky ends or blunt ends that can join with other DNA fragments.

Gel Electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size. It is used to study DNA fragments of various sizes.
 Recombinant DNA Technology is the combination of a DNA fragment with the DNA from another source
also called exogenous DNA.

Gene Cloning is the production of the large numbers of identical recombinant DNA molecules. It is used to
create large amounts of recombinant DNA to be used in genetically engineered organism.

DNA Sequencing is used to identify the DNA

sequence of cloned recombinant DNA molecule to
further study. It is used to identify errors in the DNA
sequences to predict the function of a particular gene
and to compare to other genes with similar
sequences from different organisms.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) makes copies

of specific regions of sequenced DNA. It is used to
copy DNA for any scientific investigation including
forensic analysis and medical testing.

Some genetic engineering techniques are as follows:

1. Artificial selection - artificial selection:
breeders choose which organism to mate to
produce offspring with desired traits. They cannot
control what genes are passed. When they get
offspring with the desired traits, the maintain them.
A. selective breeding- when animals
with desired characteristics are mated to
produce offspring with those desired
traits. Passing of important genes to next
generation.
Example: Champion race horses, cows with tender meat, large juicy oranges on a tree. Angus cows are bred
to increase muscle mass so that we get more meat, Egg-Laying Hen-produces more eggs than the average hen.
Selective breeding occurs when you choose the best male and female to breed. This allows you to fine tune
and control the traits. The offspring or babies will then have the best traits. Then you continue to breed those
organisms with the best traits, those traits will be
maintained.

B. Hybridization- two
individuals with unlike
characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both organisms. Example: Luther Burbank
created a disease resistant potato called the Burbank potato. He crossed a disease resistant plant
with one that had a large food producing capacity.
 Result: disease resistant plant that makes a lot of potatoes.

C. inbreeding- breeding of organism that genetically similar to maintain desired traits. Dogs breeds
are kept pure this way. It’s how a Doberman remains a Doberman. It keeps each breed unique from
others.
• Risk: since both have the same genes, the chance that a baby will get a recessive genetic disorder is
high.
• Risks: blindness, joint deformities.

Variation: difference between individuals of a species. The differences are in the genes but we see the
physical differences. For example: Some humans have blond hair and some have brown. This is a variation
among humans. Some finches have short beaks;
some have long beaks.
Inbreeding decreases variations.

2. Cloning -
creating an
organism that is
an exact genetic
copy of another.
identical twins
are naturally
created clones.
Clone: group of cells or
organisms that are
genetically identical as a
result of asexual
reproduction. They will have the same exact DNA as the parent.
How is cloning done?
► A single cell is removed from a parent organism.
► An entire individual is grown from that cell.
► Remember one cell has all the DNA needed to make an entire organism.
► Each cell in the body has the same DNA, but cells vary because different genes are turned on in each cell.
Dolly:
Dolly was the first mammal cloned. She had the same exact DNA as her mother and had 3. Gene splicing - DNA is cut
out of one organism and put into another organism. A trait will be
transferred from one organism to another.
• For example: the human insulin gene can be removed from a
human cell. It can be put into a bacterial cell. The bacterial will
now make human insulin.
This picture represents gene splicing. However, DNA is much
smaller. It’s done with high tech lab equipment since DNA, is too
small to hold or see without a microscope.
The red piece the woman is holding is an insulin gene from a
human being. It is being combined with DNA from a bacteria.
Creates recombinant DNA, something that has never existed before.

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMOs)

• This is called transformation: when a gene from one organism is
transferred to different organism.
• The organisms that have DNA transferred to them are called
transgenic organism.
• trans: means different
• genic: refers to genes
• Genetic engineering has given rise to a new technological field
 called biotechnology (technology of life).

1. Transgenic (GMO) animals: genes are inserted so

they produce what human need.
ex. Transgenic cows: gene inserted to
increase milk production.
2. Transgenic bacteria: gene inserted into bacteria so they
produced things human need.
ex: Insulin and clothing factors in blood are now made in
bacteria.

3. Transgenic plants: plants are given genes so they meet humans

need.
ex: Transgenic corn: given a gene so corn produces a natural
pesticide. Now they don’t have to be sprayed with cancer causing
pesticides. 25% of all corn is like this.

 What is Genetic Engineering?

 Is Genetic engineering illegal and unethical?
 What is Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)?
 Can you enumerate some genetic engineering techniques?

C. FIRM UP What I Know

Directions: Read and analyze the following questions, encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Organisms that have transferred DNA to them are called
a. GMO b. Transgenic organism c. both a and b d. none of a and b
2. When animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring with those desired traits
a. cloning b. hybridization c. inbreeding d. selective breeding
3. Creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another.
a. cloning b. hybridization c. inbreeding d. selective breeding
4. Breeding of organism that genetically similar to maintain desired traits
a. cloning b. hybridization c. inbreeding d. selective breeding
5. DNA is cut out of one organism and put into another organism.
a. cloning b. hybridization c. gene splicing d. selective breeding

What’s New
Activity 1.

Analyze each picture properly and after that you have to think a name for it.

1.

2.
 3.

4.

Guide Questions:
1. What have you observed?
2. Are you familiar with these organisms?
3. Have you ever seen these organisms?

D. DEEPEN What’s More?

Activity 1: I need an explanation!
I need an acceptable reason
The teacher will conduct a debate He will choose 2 students to be the participants. He will designate the 2
students to their respective side that they need to defend. Each student has 30 seconds to present their
perspectives and another 30 seconds to present their counter arguments. The winner of this battle will be
decided by their classmates thru heart reaction. The one who get more heart reaction will automatically win.

Question:
IS GMO REALLY LESS HEALTHY THAN NON- GMO FOOD? WHY OR WHY NOT?

YES NO

E. TRANSFER What Can I Do?

Activity 1. GMOster
Think of your own GMOs that you want to produce. Be sure it is beneficial and has a great use in today’s
world. Provide an illustration, name of GMOs as well as its explanation. You have 2 minutes to finish your
output. And also be ready for your presentation.

Poster/Presentation Rubrics
Category Distinguished (4) Proficient (3) Basic (2) Unsatisfactory
(1)
Content All requirements All requirements Most requirements Requirements
present well written text present, descriptive present, text missing poorly
and carefully chosen text and appropriate contains some written inaccurate
visuals work together to visuals work inaccuracies or lacks or insufficient text
illustrate and inform together to inform organization or and or visuals or
about poster subject viewers impact, “cut & pasted”
inappropriate or text
missing visuals
Organization Information is very Information is Information is The information
organized with clear organized with titles organized but titles appears to be
titles and subheadings and subheadings and subheadings are disorganized
missing or do not
help the reader
understand
Attractiveness The poster is The poster is The poster is The poster is
exceptionally attractive attractive acceptably attractive distractingly
messy or very
poorly designed
Grammar There are no There is 1 There are 2 There are more
grammatical mistakes grammatical grammatical than 2
mistake mistakes grammatical
mistakes
Presentation The presenter speaks The presenter The presenter speaks The presenter does
clearly, confidently and speaks clearly and clearly but or not not speak clearly
loud enough for confidently but does confident or confidently
everyone to hear not speak loud
enough to everyone
to hear
Example: KiwOrange

Assessment
Brain Booster
Flash Report: David Bennett a 57 years old patient from U.S undergone the very first heart
transplant in the history using the genetically modified pig’s heart last January of this
year.

1. In your opinion, do you think the first heart transplant using the genetically modified pig’s
heart to David Bennett a 57 years old patient from U.S a success for the scientists even
the patient passed away 2 months after his operation? Why or why not?
2. At the present time, what is the importance/relevance of studying genetic engineering and
GMOs in today’s world.
F. VALUES What Can I Show

Assignment
Directions: Analyze and answer the following questions below.
1. What is RNA?
2. What is the difference of RNA from DNA?