Unit 1 - Introduction

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‫وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي‬

‫الجامعة التكنولوجية‬
‫قسم هندسة النفط والغاز‬

Thermodynamics
‫الديناميكا الحرارية‬
Instructor: Prof. Dr. Najem A. Al-Rubaiey
Department of Oil & Gas Engineering
Petroleum Engineering
Academic Year 2023-2024
Syllabus:
Reference:
Thermodynamics - an
engineering approach,
Yunus A. Cengel ,
Michael A. Boles,
Mehmet Kanoglu.
Ninth edition,
McGraw Hill Education,
2019.
Unit 1: Introduction
History of thermodynamics
The thermodynamicists
representative of the original
eight founding schools of
thermodynamics. The schools
with the most-lasting effect in
founding the modern versions
of thermodynamics are the
Berlin school, particularly as
established in Rudolf Clausius's
1865 textbook The Mechanical
Theory of Heat, the Vienna
school, with the statistical
mechanics of Ludwig
Boltzmann, and the Gibbsian
school at Yale University,
American engineer Willard
Gibbs' 1876 On the Equilibrium
of Heterogeneous Substances
launching chemical
thermodynamics.
Branches of Thermodynamics
Thermochemistry - 1780
Classical thermodynamics - 1824
Chemical thermodynamics - 1876
Statistical thermodynamics - c. 1880
Psychodynamics - c. 1920
Chemical engineering thermodynamics - c. 1940
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics - 1941
Small systems thermodynamics - 1960
Biological thermodynamics - 1957
Ecosystem thermodynamics - 1959
Relativistic thermodynamics - 1965
Quantum thermodynamics - 1968
Molecular thermodynamics - 1969
Thermoeconomics - c. 1970
Black hole thermodynamics - c. 1970
Geological thermodynamics - c. 1970s
Biological evolution thermodynamics - 1978
Geochemical thermodynamics - c. 1980
Atmospheric thermodynamics - c. 1980
Natural systems thermodynamics - 1990
Supramolecular thermodynamics - 1990
Earthquake thermodynamics - 2000
Drug-receptor thermodynamics - 2001
Pharmaceutical systems thermodynamics – 2002
Types of Processes

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