CNS

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Agenda Style
01 The Basics
Why is it given that name?

02 What are the TEST?

What is GS/CS?

03 What is the cause?

You should name the organism infecting the patient

04 Words
Choose your words wisely when talking to the patient relatives
(obviously you can’t talk to patient due to changes done by
infected brain area but some patient can talk)

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 For Dummies

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 How does someone get a C. neoformans infection?
C. neoformans infections are not contagious. Humans and animals can get the infection after inhaling the
microscopic fungus from the environment. Some research suggests that people may be exposed to C.
neoformans in the environment when they are children.3 Most people who breathe in C. neoformans never
get sick from it. However, in people who have weakened immune systems, C. neoformans can stay hidden
in the body and cause infection later when the immune system becomes too weak to fight it off

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Dr SOMESHWARAN
, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR & CLINICAL
MICROBIOLOGIST at KARPAGAM FACULTY OF
MEDICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH

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 CNSII

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 For Dummies

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 Our Team Style
Acute Meningits Gram stain
SO you could get an
Comes to ER idea what is infecting
your patient
You do your stuff here
as much as possible You get results in 1-2
hours or even less
antibiotics or anti-fungal
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Culture then Abscess
GOOD LUCK my
Sensitivity testing
friends
Takes a lot of time but OH NO! you’ve done
needed to know the what you can but still . .
responsible organism . A very hard case to
and its susceptibility to treat
treatment.
CNS III

The last of the Infection Topics

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Topics

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Definition of
Terms
Encephalopathy
is a general term that means brain disease, damage, or
malfunction

Encephalitis
is an acute inflammation of the brain

Brain Parenchyma
is the functional tissue of the brain comprised by your
neurons and glia

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Encephalitis

Microglial nodule Perivascular inflammatory cells

histological clue of viral infection https://neuropathology-web.org/

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https://neuropathology-web.org/chapter5/chapter5ePrions.html

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Spongiform Encephalopathy

Diseased
Normal the human protein atlas

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Things to Remember

Patient may be unconcious

Obviously if the patient got problems with his brain area/s, they will not be
available to be interviewed due to obvious reasons. Therefore, you talk to its
relatives or watchers (the ones accompanying the patient) to get informations

Gram Stain
Only gives you the morphology and its gram stain reaction and thus you
don’t know the name of the responsible organism

Culture and Sensitivity testing

Able to name the organism and susceptibility to medications but takes a
lot of time like 3 days after you pass the sample to the laboratory

Sample
That would be your CSF except that its quite hard to get it so you might
try the blood culture or sample the source of infection to know the
responsible organism
Words
Choose your words properly when conveying good or bad news to the
relatives. You’re life hangs on the balance here (literally)

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 Thank You
Have a Good Day! Stay Home and Study! Stay Alive!

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