JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA, AKOLA

Name of student
Class
Roll no.
Subject
Gauded by
Cirtificate
This to here by certify that, original and genuine Investigation work
Has been carried out subject matter and related data collection and
investigation has been completed solely, sincerely and satisfactorily by
miss Payal S. Ujale a student of class 12thFor academic year 2023-24.
Regarding the investigatory project entilde disease causing by
mosquito under the supervision of Arun Tagade sir as per requirement
of board examination

International examiner. Principal. External e

 Maleria

Symptoms
• Signs and symptoms of malaria may include
• Fever
• Chills
• General feeling of discomfort
• Headache
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Muscle or joint pain
• Fatigue
• Rapid breathing
• Rapid heart rate
• Cough
Prevention
• Lower the risk of getting malaria by avoiding mosquito bites:
•
• Use mosquito nets when sleeping in places where malaria is present
• Use mosquito repellents (containing DEET, IR3535 or Icaridin) after dusk
• Use coils and vaporizers.
• Wear protective clothing.
• Use window screens

Tretatment
• Malaria is a serious infection and always requires treatment with medicine.
• Multiple medicines are used to prevent and treat malaria. Doctors will choose one or more based on:
• the type of malaria
• whether a malaria parasite is resistant to a medicine
• the weight or age of the person infected with malaria
• whether the person is pregnant
Dengue
Symptoms
•

• Most people with dengue have mild or no symptoms and will get better in 1–2 weeks. Rarely, dengue can be severe and lead to death.

• If symptoms occur, they usually begin 4–10 days after infection and last for 2–7 days. Symptoms may include:

• high fever (40°C/104°F)

• severe headache

• pain behind the eyes

• muscle and joint pains

• nausea
• vomiting

• swollen glands

• rash.
Prevention
• The mosquitoes that spread dengue are active during the day.

• Lower the risk of getting dengue by protecting yourself from mosquito bites by using:

• clothes that cover as much of your body as possible

• mosquito nets if sleeping during the day, ideally nets sprayed with insect repellent

• window screens

• mosquito repellents .

Treatment
• Most cases of dengue fever can be treated at home with pain medicine. Preventing mosquito bites is the best way to avoid gett ing dengue.
• There is no specific treatment for dengue. The focus is on treating pain symptoms.
• Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is often used to control pain. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen and aspirin are avoided as they can increase the risk of bleeding.
• There is a vaccine called Dengvaxia for people who have had dengue at least once and live in places where the disease is common.

• For people with severe dengue, hospitalization is often needed.

 Chikungunya
Symptoms
Most people infected with chikungunya virus will develop some symptoms. Symptoms usually begin 3–7 days after an infected mosquito bites
you.
The most common symptoms are fever and joint pain.
Other symptoms may include headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, or rash.
People at risk for more severe disease include newborns infected around the time of birth, older adults (≥65 years), and people with medical
conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or heart disease.
Most patients feel better within a week. However, joint pain can be severe and disabling and may persist for mosquto

Prevention
• Chikungunya virus is spread to people through the bite of an infected mosquito. Mosquitoes bite during the day and night. There is no
vaccine to prevent chikungunya virus infection. The best way to prevent chikungunya is to protect yourself from mosquito bites. Use insect
repellent, wear long-sleeved shirts and pants, treat clothing and gear, and take steps to control mosquitoes indoors and outdoors.
Treatment
• There is currently no vaccine to prevent or medicine to treat chikungunya.
• Rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain medications may relieve some symptoms.
• Take medicine such as acetaminophen (Tylenol®) or paracetamol to reduce fever and pain.
• Do not take aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) until dengue can be ruled out to reduce the risk of bleeding.
• If you have chikungunya, prevent mosquito bites for the first week of your illness.
• During the first week of illness, chikungunya virus can be found in the blood. The virus can be passed from an infected person to a mosquito through
mosquito bites.
• An infected mosquito can then spread the virus to other people.
Zika
Symptoms
• Many people infected with Zika virus won’t have symptoms or will only have mild symptoms. The most common symptoms of Zika are
• Fever
• Rash
• Headache
• Joint pain
• Conjunctivitis (red eyes)
• Muscle pain

Prevention
• Zika virus is spread to people mainly through the bite of an infected mosquito.
• Mosquitoes that spread Zika and other viruses bite during the day and night.
• The best way to prevent Zika is to protect yourself from mosquito bites.
• Everyone, including pregnant and breastfeeding women, should take steps to prevent mosquito bites.
• When used as directed, EPA-registered insect repellents are proven safe and effective, even for pregnant and breastfeeding women.
Treatment
• There is no specific treatment available for Zika virus infection or disease.
• People with symptoms such as rash, fever or joint pain should get plenty of rest, drink fluids, and treat symptoms with antipyretics and/or analgesics. Nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided until dengue virus infections are ruled out because of bleeding risk. If symptoms wors en, patients should seek medical
care and advice.
• Pregnant women living in areas with Zika transmission or who develop symptoms of Zika virus infection should seek medical attention for laboratory testing,
information, counselling and other clinical care.