N Critical Listening - listening to evaluate a
message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it.
LISTENING - is the one skill that you use the most in your
everyday life.
LISTENING COPMREHENSION - is the basic for your
speaking, writing, and reading skills.
 To train your listening skills it is important to listen
actively which means to actively pay attention to
what you are listening to. Make it a habit to listen
to audio books, podcasts, new songs etc. and to
watch videos and films in the foreign language.
TYPES OF LISTENING
Appreciative Listening – listening for pleasure and
enjoyment
 When you listen for appreciation you are listening for
enjoyment. Think about the music you listen to. You
usually listen to music because you enjoy it. The
same can be said for appreciative listening when
someone is speaking.
 Some common types of appreciative listening can be
found in sermons from places of worship, from a
motivational speech by people we respect or hold in
high regard, or even from a stand-up comedian who
makes us laugh.
Emphatic Listening - listening to provide emotional
support for the speaker
 When you listen empathically you are doing so to
show mutual concern. During this type of listening
you are trying to identify with the speaker by
understanding the situation in which he/she is
discussing.
 You are stepping into the other’s shoes to get a
better understanding of what it is he/she is talking
about. Usually during this type of listening you want
to be fully present in the moment or mindfully
listening to what the speaker is saying. Your goal
during this time is to focus on the speaker, not on
yourself. You are trying to understand from the
speaker’s perspective
Comprehensive Listening - listening to understand the
message of the speaker
 If you are watching the news, listening to a
lecture, or getting directions from someone, you
are listening to understand or listening to
comprehend the message that is being sent. This
process is active. In class, you should be
focused, possibly taking notes of the speaker’s
main ideas. Identifying the structure of the
speech and evaluating the supports he/she offers
as evidence. This is one of the more difficult
types of listening because it requires you to not
only concentrate but to actively participate in the
process. The more you practice listening to
comprehend, the stronger listener you become.
 Critical listening is listening to evaluate
the content of the message. As a critical
listener you are listening to all parts of
the message, analysing it, and
evaluating what you heard. When
engaging in critical listening, you are also
critically thinking. You are making mental
judgments based on what you see, hear,
and read.
 Your goal as a critical listener is to
evaluate the message that is being sent
and decide for yourself if the information
is valid.
 Have you ever had to buy an expensive
item, such as a new appliance, a car, a
cell phone, or an iPad? You probably did
some research beforehand and listened
closely to the salesperson when you
went to compare brands.
SIX (6) STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE YOUR LISTENING
SKILLS:
Ask Questions - One of the ways you can stay in
the moment is to ask clarifying questions. Repeat
what you think the speaker was saying to gain
clarity and understanding: “What I think you’re
saying is…” Often people’s comments are open
to interpretation, so show your desire to
understand while reinforcing you are listening
Be Attentive - You are focused on the speaker
and in the moment. Have you ever had someone
tell you something and then ask you a question
afterwards and not have any idea what to
answer? You probably thought you were
listening, but it is very easy for our minds to stray.
Practice mindfulness by consciously eliminating
distractions from your mind and body. Shut off
your smartphone, close your door, and move
away from the computer screen.
Don’t Interrupt Unnecessarily - Use the acronym
WAIT, Why Am I Talking? to keep your
comments relative to the speaker’s thoughts.
Often, I observe people ask questions just to
transition the conversation in another direction.
Interject your questions, or thoughts, at
appropriate intervals so not to throw the speaker
off track.
Use Body Language - Face-to-face you can
convey you are listening by nodding, smiling, and
maintaining eye contact. Public speakers are
taught to actively engage an audience by making
eye contact with one person, at a time. You can
 pick up subtle non-verbal cues from watching the
speaker’s body language.
Empathize - Steven Covey coined the phrase
“Seek first to understand, then be understood”
which is my goal when listening. In order to
effectively hear what the speaker is saying, try to
look at it from their perspective. It is easy to jump
to conclusions and judge when we don’t put
ourselves in the other person’s shoes—and it is
difficult to withhold judgment. Good listeners do
this. Set aside filters and just listen.
Take Notes!
 Muscle memory works. Note taking can be done in
person or on the phone. Not only will note taking
reinforce what’s being said, but also it provides you
with a permanent record to refer back to. People are
flattered when you take notes; ask if it is okay before
doing so.
 Listening with a purpose boosts comprehension.
These are several strategies that you can use when
listening.
 1. Listen for the main idea - When you listen, it is
important to get the main points or general
information of what you listen to. This could also
mean getting the “whole picture” of what you
listen to.
 2. Listen for details - It is essential to take note of
specific information or details of what you are
listening to because they help you understand
better. You may look for details such as dates,
names, places, events, etc.
 3. Listen for a specific vocabulary - Take note of
words that you are not familiar with when
listening. Unlocking the meaning of these words
will help you comprehend what you listened to.
Some words in the story or music you listened to
can be categorized like subjects in school, types
of weather or animals, food, etc.
 4. Listen for a sequence - It is important to follow
the order of things you are listening to. For
instance, when you are listening to a cooking
show and you are asked to follow certain steps, it
is vital that you follow the sequence correctly.
 5. Listen to predict content or infer meaning
- When you predict the topic of the text or
program you listened to, it helps you infer
meaning. Thus, helping you anticipate and
understand better. In addition, it is also important
that you use clues and prior knowledge to
understand what you hear.
BAIDU - Founded in the year 2000 by Robin Li and Eric
Xu, Baidu is the most popular search engine in China,
SEARCH ENGINE
SEARCH ENGINE - A search engine is a website
where users can search almost anything under
the sun.
 Google, Bing, and Yahoo are just
examples of popular search engines, but
there are a lot of search engines out
there. Make sure to evaluate their
credibility for better wide searches.
URL –
GOOGLE - Google is the biggest engine in
the world by far. It handles over 5 billion
searches each day and has a market share of
over 90% at the time of writing (August 2019).
Develop originally by Larry Page and Sergey
Brin in 1997. Google has become so
successful that it has become synonymous
with search engine services, even entering the
dictionary as a verb, with people using
expressions such as: “I google it!”, when
they’ve search something online.
BING - The origins of Microsoft’s Bing can be
found in the technology company’s earlier
search engines, MSN Search, Windows Live
Search, and Live Search. Bing was launched
in 2009 with high hopes that it could usurp its
rival Google, but despite attracting many fans,
things haven’t quite worked out that way.
Even so, Bing is the third largest search
engine worldwide after Google and Baidu. It is
available in 40 different languages.
YAHOO - Yahoo! Search is another is another
big player in the search engine world.
However, for much of its history it has
supplied the user interface, but relied on
others to power the searchable index and web
crawling. From 2001 to 2004, it was powered
by Inktomi and the Google. From 2004,
Yahoo! Search was independent until a deal
was struck was struck with Microsoft in 2009
whereby Bing would power the Index and
crawling.
ASK.COM - Originally known as Ask Jeeves,
Ask.com is a little different from Google and
Bing, as it uses a question and answer format.
For a number of years, Ask.com was focused
on becoming a direct rival to the big search
engines, but nowadays answers are supplied
from its vast archive and users contributions,
along with the help of an unnamed and
outsourced third-party search provider.
 and the fourth most visited website in the world,
according to Alexa rankings. Baidu has its in RanDex, a
search engine previously developed by Robin Li in
1996. As well as its Chinese search engine, Baidu also
offers a mapping service called Baidu Maps and more
than 55 other internet-related services.
YANDEX - Yandex being the most widely used search
engine in Russia, it may be an essential part of your
SEO strategy. Yandex also provides a browser
(YaBrowser), email, news, maps, paid advertising, and
translator services to the Russian market, as well as in
Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, and Turkey.
DuckDuckGo - Another outstanding search engine is
Duckduckgo. Unlike the other search engines,
Duckduckgo values the privacy of users as they don’t
track or store personal search information. The search
engine allows you to look up for everything ranging from
images, maps, and videos. It boasts outstanding
features such as the zero-click information where all
answers appear on the first page. The disambiguation
prompts clarify what you are searching for more
accurate results.
CONTEXTUAL WEB SEARCH - Contextual Web Search
is a robust API that provides users access to billions of
webpages, news, and images with a single API call. The
API links you to a search engine that mimics how the
human brain indexes memories for more insightful
search results. This API uses a combination of user
information and their behavior to create a context for
personalized searches. It helps you customize your
experience and get accurate and relevant search
results.
YIPPY SEARCH - Yippy Search is a state-of-the-art deep
web engine that helps users to explore what other
search engines won’t find. Since deep web pages are
harder to unearth in typical searches, Yippy Search
helps you to locate these webpages. It enables you to
search for hard-to-locate information such as
government-related feeds, hobby interest blogs,
academic researches, or offbeat news
When searching for a topic using search engines, follow
these tips:
1. Type the keyword or searching item. Then, press enter on
your keyboard.
2. You can be specific in typing your search term.
3. Click the links on top of the page if you are searching
specifically for videos, articles, or photos.
4. Be careful with the information that that you are searching
for. Look for valid and reliable sources.
NAVIGATING WEBSITES
WEBSITE - refers to a collection of web pages usually
grouped and connected together in a number of different
ways.
 it is written as “web site” or simply “site”
 it is composed of different parts.
 each part plays certain roles as to how the entire
repertoire of web pages actually works.
DIFFERENT PARTS OF A WEBSITE
HOME PAGE - is the opening page which does
the job of welcoming the website visitors; makes
them feel they are in the right place; and
immediately explains what the websites does or
is made for.
SLIDERS - refer to the changing content area
that presents slides of visual information
including large images, texts, announcements,
updates and promotions.
HEADER - is the content area at the top of the
website which bears the logo, as well as the
navigation menu. This part likewise include the
taglines, addresses, contact numbers or buttons
used to sign up and log-in.
NAVIGATION MENU - is the part of the header
which bears the links that take or direct visitors to
other parts of the website. This part is sometimes
called tabs, links, and pages.
SIDE BAR - is the area of the website which
displays information that is not part of the page’s
main content like a call to action or links to recent
blog posts or social media account.
CALL TO ACTION (CTA) - is considered one of
the most essential parts of a website as it incites
visitors to take action by guiding them on what
the visitors really want them to do.
FOOTERS - refer to the content area at the
bottom of every page that consist a website. This
usually bears the contact details, maps and links
to social media accounts among others.
FEATURES OF A WEBSITE
1. It should be easy to navigate.
2. Easy to read.
3. Present relevant and up-to-date content.
4. Use relevant design (themes, colours, and visuals)
5. Include a well presented call to action (CTA)
6. Manifests credibility.
7. Be clear, simple, and can be viewed comfortably and
mobile friendly.