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PBD 8
PBD 8
INELASTIC FORCE-DEFORMATION
FORCE-DEFORMATION RELATIONS
ELASTOPLASTIC IDEALIZATION
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HYSTERESIS CURVE
HYSTERESIS MODEL
• Hysteresis is the process of energy dissipation through deformation (displacement), as
opposed to viscosity which is energy dissipation through deformation rate (velocity).
Hysteresis is typical of solids, whereas viscosity is typical of fluids, although this
distinction is not rigid.
• Hysteretic behavior may affect nonlinear static and nonlinear time-history load cases
that exhibit load reversals and cyclic loading. Monotonic loading is not affected.
• Several different hysteresis models are available to describe the behavior of different
types of materials. For the most part, these differ in the amount of energy they dissipate
in a given cycle of deformation, and how the energy dissipation behavior changes with
an increasing amount of deformation.
• Each hysteresis model may be used for the following purposes:
-Material stress-strain behavior, affecting frame fiber hinges and layered shells that use
the material
-Single degree-of-freedom frame hinges, such as M3 or P hinges. Interacting hinges,
such as P-M3 or P-M2-M3, currently use the isotropic model
-Link/support elements of type multi-linear plasticity
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CYCLIC BEHAVIOUR
• Several hysteresis models are available in SAP2000, ETABS, and CSiBridge.
• Typical for all models, cyclic loading behaves as follows:
-Initial loading in the positive or negative direction follows the backbone curve
-Upon reversal of deformation, unloading occurs along a different path, usually steeper than
the loading path. This is often parallel or nearly parallel to the initial elastic slope.
-After the load level is reduced to zero, continued reversal of deformation causes reverse
loading along a path that eventually joins the backbone curve on the opposite side, usually at a
deformation equal to the maximum previous deformation in that direction or the opposite
direction.
• In the descriptions below of cyclic deformation, "loading" refers to increasing the
magnitude of deformation in a given positive or negative direction, and
"unloading" refers to subsequent reduction of the deformation until the force
level reaches zero. Continued reduction of the deformation is "reverse loading"
until the deformation reaches zero, after which the deformation increases again
with the same sign as the load and is "loading" again. Loading and unloading
occur in the positive (first and third) quadrants of the action-deformation plot,
and reverse loading occurs in the negative (second and fourth) quadrants.
Source : csiamerica 9
CYCLIC BEHAVIOUR
Source : Otani 10
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Source : csiamerica 11
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Source : csiamerica 16
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Source : csiamerica 18
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Source : csiamerica 19
MODELING PARAMETERS
FOR RC STRUCTURAL WALLS & ASSOCIATES
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RC SHEAR WALLS
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RC SHEAR WALLS
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RC SHEAR WALLS
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MODELING PARAMETERS
FOR STRUCTURAL STEEL
(BEAMS AND COLUMNS, &
OTHER THAN BEAMS AND COLUMNS, TRUSS)
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